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6th IBT Conference On “Creative and
Innovative Excellence in Business
Management in Pakistan”
On
Friday the 6th day of February, 2015
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 1
Stress and Job Satisfaction:A
Causal Study of Female
Bankers
Muhammad Ashraf
Nawaz Ahmad
Indus University, Karachi
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 2
Introduction
The rapid economic growth and
increasing pace of science and
technology has necessitated the
modern organizations to formulate
the innovative management
strategies to cope up the novel
challenges of human capital in
working environment
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 3
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 4
The organizations like banks normally
exhibit zero tolerance to struggling
performance due to its very nature. This
nothingness of space to heave the sigh of
relief causes the stress among the
workers. Eventually this paranoia is
translated into counter work behavior and
turnover intention; hence the level of
dissatisfaction with occurs.
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 5
The etiology of anxiety and stress differ from
case to case and condition to condition, thus it
would be fatal exercise to argue that working
environment and nature of job does not
influence in terms of etiological role (Steyna &
Vawdab, 2014). General agreed upon perception
prevails that owing to work related stress
various signs and symptoms can be witnessed.
For example stress carries the elements like
unreasonable workload and interpersonal
divergence with peers and managers (Berger,
Sedivy, Cisler, & Dilley, 2008).
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 6
The association between stress and satisfaction remain focal point of
discussion among academic scholars, for example Mahfood, Pollock, and
Longmire (2013) found that stress substantially influence the level of job
satisfaction among employees. The employees in public dealing
organizational are vulnerable to dual identifiable stressors one is from
customer related and other is organizational related. Kim, RO, and
Hutchinson (2014) have documented that customer aggressiveness can
cause to diminish employee level of satisfaction with job. In service based
organizations customer dominance is all encompassing norm, hence it is
believed that “Customer is always right” (Yagil, 2008) or in the words of
Reynolds and Harris (2006)“customer is king”. This preference ushers the
priority complex among customers and causes the organization to value
the even incivility of customers and eventually stress emerges among
employees.
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 7
Due to very much sensitivity of being women,
female workers are more vulnerable to stress and
exhibition of stress. Levoskaa and Kiukaanniemib
(1994) investigate the psychological stress due to
external factors and job satisfaction among female
worker and found that stress due to external factors
causes the deviation in level of job satisfaction. The
objective this study is to comprehend the influence of
stress among female bankers evidences from Karachi
based banks.
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 8
1.Problem statement
Feelings are integral part of human instinct. Feelings bring joys, sorrows, the
extremes of feelings turn into anxiety and stress. Stress related feelings are outcome of
work related issues in the working environment. Positive stress makes the employees
to work harder and contribute more in more in organizational productivity, whereas
negative work stress ushers the counter work behavior. Female workers are highly
sensitive to work related stressors. The job in baking environment is extremely
sensitive in its nature owing to monetary dealings. Female bankers due to their caring
nature are very much vulnerable to the sensitivity, which cause the stress among them.
Job related stress among female workers has been studied least, particularly female
bankers in Pakistan. This empirical investigation aims at to focus the stress among
female bankers and how they translate the acquired stress in their level of job
satisfaction. In this regard evidences have been gathered from female bankers working
in banks in Karachi.
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 9
Purpose of the Study
The rationale of this study is to investigate the
influence of work related stress on job satisfaction. In this
regard the evidences have been collected from the Askari
Bank, due to the time constraint we have included only
braches functioning in Karachi.
Literature Review
 Stress and Job Satisfaction
The nexus between work related stress
and job satisfaction have been studied
by several scholars like:
Crede et al. (2007) have concluded that
higher the stress the lower the job
satisfaction.
Srivastava & Sen (2005) emparically test
the stress and job satisfaction concluded
10 high loading factors influcing the most
on the level of job satisfaction among
service based organiztions.
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 10
Literature Review (Continued)
 Srivastava & Sen (1995) Stress crops up
through the blend of individualistic (Such as
age, gender, achievement need, type of
personality) and organizational factors (Like,
role conflict, role ambiguity
 Ahmad and Khana (1992) studied job stress
in relation to job satisfaction and job
involvement among 50 middle-level hotel
managers (aged 23-36). There was a
significant—but negative—relationship
between job stress and job satisfaction,
irrespective of the subject’s genders, marital
status, education, and experience.
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 11
Variables of Interest
 Work Related Stress
◦ Work Load (Sargent & Hannum,2005).
◦ Relation with Supervisor (Cheung et al.,2009;
Stringer, 2006)
 Job Satisfaction (Ashraf et al. 2013;
Halepota, 2011; Ashraf et al., 2014)
◦ Salary and Reward (Nateson & Radhai ,1990;
Lee & Lin, 2014; Morrison & Robinson ,1997)
◦ Organizational Climate (Denison, 1996;
Sargent & Hannum,2005).
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 12
Methodology
 Population
Female bankers working in commercial Banks
was the population of this study
 Target Population
Female bankers engaged in Askari Commercial
Bank based in Karachi was the target
population of the study
 Accessible Population
Not the entire askari commercial banks are
thickly populated with female employees,
hence selected banks having more than 10
female bankers were selected as accessible
population
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 13
Sample and Sampling
Technique
 200 female bankers were the sample
size for this study, the size was
determined through the table
proposed by Krejice and Morgan
(1970)
 For the accessible population we
found that we had 400 an approximate
size, hence table returns 196, which
has been rounded to 200.
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 14
Data Analysis
 Since this study aimed at to predict
the influence of stress on job
satisfaction, therefore a regression
analysis was conducted through the
SPSS 20.
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 15
Variables
 Work Related Stress (IV)
◦ Relationship with Managers
◦ Work Load
 Job Satisfaction (DV)
◦ Salary & Reward
◦ Organizational Climate
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 16
Reliability Test
Construct Items Cronbach’s’Alpha
Work Load 5 85.3
Work Relations 5 78.8
Salary and Rewards 5 79.4
Organizational Climate 5 79.3
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 17
Regression
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .703a .494 .489 .61197
a. Predictors: (Constant), Work Relation, Workload.
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 18
Regression
ANOVA
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F Sig.
1
Regressi
on 72.001 2 36.000 96.128 .000b
Residual 73.778 197 .375
Total 145.779 199
a. Dependent Variable: Job Satisfaction
b. Predictors: (Constant), Work Relation, Workload
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 19
Regression
Coefficients
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) .872 .154 5.646 .000
Workload .143 .056 .150 2.570 .011
Work
Relation .548 .052 .616 10.525 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Job Satisfaction
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 20
Conclusion
 Conclusion
◦ A significant relation is established
 Limitation
◦ Study confined to one bank
◦ Study confined to Karachi
 Recommendation
◦ Recreational activities
◦ Club/ Jim/ Yoga facilities
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 21
Q/A
Questions ?
Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 22

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ConferenceSlideshahahHhHhHjHHHhJjjj.pptx

  • 1. 6th IBT Conference On “Creative and Innovative Excellence in Business Management in Pakistan” On Friday the 6th day of February, 2015 Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 1
  • 2. Stress and Job Satisfaction:A Causal Study of Female Bankers Muhammad Ashraf Nawaz Ahmad Indus University, Karachi Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 2
  • 3. Introduction The rapid economic growth and increasing pace of science and technology has necessitated the modern organizations to formulate the innovative management strategies to cope up the novel challenges of human capital in working environment Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 3
  • 4. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 4 The organizations like banks normally exhibit zero tolerance to struggling performance due to its very nature. This nothingness of space to heave the sigh of relief causes the stress among the workers. Eventually this paranoia is translated into counter work behavior and turnover intention; hence the level of dissatisfaction with occurs.
  • 5. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 5 The etiology of anxiety and stress differ from case to case and condition to condition, thus it would be fatal exercise to argue that working environment and nature of job does not influence in terms of etiological role (Steyna & Vawdab, 2014). General agreed upon perception prevails that owing to work related stress various signs and symptoms can be witnessed. For example stress carries the elements like unreasonable workload and interpersonal divergence with peers and managers (Berger, Sedivy, Cisler, & Dilley, 2008).
  • 6. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 6 The association between stress and satisfaction remain focal point of discussion among academic scholars, for example Mahfood, Pollock, and Longmire (2013) found that stress substantially influence the level of job satisfaction among employees. The employees in public dealing organizational are vulnerable to dual identifiable stressors one is from customer related and other is organizational related. Kim, RO, and Hutchinson (2014) have documented that customer aggressiveness can cause to diminish employee level of satisfaction with job. In service based organizations customer dominance is all encompassing norm, hence it is believed that “Customer is always right” (Yagil, 2008) or in the words of Reynolds and Harris (2006)“customer is king”. This preference ushers the priority complex among customers and causes the organization to value the even incivility of customers and eventually stress emerges among employees.
  • 7. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 7 Due to very much sensitivity of being women, female workers are more vulnerable to stress and exhibition of stress. Levoskaa and Kiukaanniemib (1994) investigate the psychological stress due to external factors and job satisfaction among female worker and found that stress due to external factors causes the deviation in level of job satisfaction. The objective this study is to comprehend the influence of stress among female bankers evidences from Karachi based banks.
  • 8. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 8 1.Problem statement Feelings are integral part of human instinct. Feelings bring joys, sorrows, the extremes of feelings turn into anxiety and stress. Stress related feelings are outcome of work related issues in the working environment. Positive stress makes the employees to work harder and contribute more in more in organizational productivity, whereas negative work stress ushers the counter work behavior. Female workers are highly sensitive to work related stressors. The job in baking environment is extremely sensitive in its nature owing to monetary dealings. Female bankers due to their caring nature are very much vulnerable to the sensitivity, which cause the stress among them. Job related stress among female workers has been studied least, particularly female bankers in Pakistan. This empirical investigation aims at to focus the stress among female bankers and how they translate the acquired stress in their level of job satisfaction. In this regard evidences have been gathered from female bankers working in banks in Karachi.
  • 9. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 9 Purpose of the Study The rationale of this study is to investigate the influence of work related stress on job satisfaction. In this regard the evidences have been collected from the Askari Bank, due to the time constraint we have included only braches functioning in Karachi.
  • 10. Literature Review  Stress and Job Satisfaction The nexus between work related stress and job satisfaction have been studied by several scholars like: Crede et al. (2007) have concluded that higher the stress the lower the job satisfaction. Srivastava & Sen (2005) emparically test the stress and job satisfaction concluded 10 high loading factors influcing the most on the level of job satisfaction among service based organiztions. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 10
  • 11. Literature Review (Continued)  Srivastava & Sen (1995) Stress crops up through the blend of individualistic (Such as age, gender, achievement need, type of personality) and organizational factors (Like, role conflict, role ambiguity  Ahmad and Khana (1992) studied job stress in relation to job satisfaction and job involvement among 50 middle-level hotel managers (aged 23-36). There was a significant—but negative—relationship between job stress and job satisfaction, irrespective of the subject’s genders, marital status, education, and experience. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 11
  • 12. Variables of Interest  Work Related Stress ◦ Work Load (Sargent & Hannum,2005). ◦ Relation with Supervisor (Cheung et al.,2009; Stringer, 2006)  Job Satisfaction (Ashraf et al. 2013; Halepota, 2011; Ashraf et al., 2014) ◦ Salary and Reward (Nateson & Radhai ,1990; Lee & Lin, 2014; Morrison & Robinson ,1997) ◦ Organizational Climate (Denison, 1996; Sargent & Hannum,2005). Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 12
  • 13. Methodology  Population Female bankers working in commercial Banks was the population of this study  Target Population Female bankers engaged in Askari Commercial Bank based in Karachi was the target population of the study  Accessible Population Not the entire askari commercial banks are thickly populated with female employees, hence selected banks having more than 10 female bankers were selected as accessible population Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 13
  • 14. Sample and Sampling Technique  200 female bankers were the sample size for this study, the size was determined through the table proposed by Krejice and Morgan (1970)  For the accessible population we found that we had 400 an approximate size, hence table returns 196, which has been rounded to 200. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 14
  • 15. Data Analysis  Since this study aimed at to predict the influence of stress on job satisfaction, therefore a regression analysis was conducted through the SPSS 20. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 15
  • 16. Variables  Work Related Stress (IV) ◦ Relationship with Managers ◦ Work Load  Job Satisfaction (DV) ◦ Salary & Reward ◦ Organizational Climate Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 16
  • 17. Reliability Test Construct Items Cronbach’s’Alpha Work Load 5 85.3 Work Relations 5 78.8 Salary and Rewards 5 79.4 Organizational Climate 5 79.3 Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 17
  • 18. Regression Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .703a .494 .489 .61197 a. Predictors: (Constant), Work Relation, Workload. Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 18
  • 19. Regression ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regressi on 72.001 2 36.000 96.128 .000b Residual 73.778 197 .375 Total 145.779 199 a. Dependent Variable: Job Satisfaction b. Predictors: (Constant), Work Relation, Workload Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 19
  • 20. Regression Coefficients Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) .872 .154 5.646 .000 Workload .143 .056 .150 2.570 .011 Work Relation .548 .052 .616 10.525 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Job Satisfaction Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 20
  • 21. Conclusion  Conclusion ◦ A significant relation is established  Limitation ◦ Study confined to one bank ◦ Study confined to Karachi  Recommendation ◦ Recreational activities ◦ Club/ Jim/ Yoga facilities Friday, Feburary 06, 2015 21