The document outlines conditional clauses in English, detailing types 1, 2, and 3 alongside examples of their structure and use. It also discusses the use of 'wish' to express regret or desires about present and past situations. Additional exercises are presented to apply the concepts of conditionals and 'wish' in various scenarios.

1. Nyamaa. D

2. If clause Main clause Use
Type 1
Real
present
If + any present tense Future/
Imperative
can/may/must+
bare infinitive
Real- like to be
happen in the
present or
future
e.g. If you don’t take an umbrella, you’ll get wet
Type 2
Unreal
present
If + Past simple/ cont Would/could/mi
ght+ bare
infinitive
Unreal- unlikely
to happen in
present or
future: used to
give advice
e.g If I were you, I wouldn’t accept this invitation.
Type 3
Unreal
past
If + past perfect/past
perfect continues
Would/could +
have + past
participle
Unreal situation
in the past, also
used to express
regrets and
critism
e.g If you had told her the truth, she would have forgiven you

3. 1. If it is a nice day tomorrow, we …(go)for
picnic.
2. If she …(finish)work earlier, she could have
gone to the cinema with her friends
3. I would wear a jacket if I …(be) you.
4. The dog …(not bite) you if you hadn’t teased
it.

4. 5. You can go to the football match if you … feel
better.
6. If Jessica ….(live) in Spain, she would speak
Spanish fluently.
7. If Mike hadn’t lied, he…(not get into) trouble
with police.
8. If she …(take)singing lessons, she could
become a professional singer.
9. If Sue… (miss)the bus, she’ll be late for her
work.
10. He would have won the race if he ….(try)
harder.

5. 1. If they had invited him…………………
2. If it doesn’t rain soon, …………………………
3. If I had a tent, ……………………………………..
4. I wouldn’t go out with him, ……………………
5. If you play with matches,………………………..
6. If I had a million pounds,………………………….
7. If Toby hadn’t caught the vase,…………………..
8. Unless you apologize to her, ………………………
9. If I had enough time, ………………………………….
10. If Billy had looked under the sofa,………………..

6. Column A Column B
1.The town’s buildings
were badly built.
2. The dam on the
river was damaged.
3.Rescue workers
arrived quickly.
4.The local hospital
didn’t have enough
beds.
a.The valley flooded
b.They look a lot of
victims, to the
nearest town.
c.They collapsed.
d.They saved a lot
of people.

7.  Wish + subjest+ Past simple
It is used to express a wish or regret about a
present situation.
e.g I wish I were in Venice.(But I am not)
 Wish + subject + Past perfect
It is used to express regret about past situation
(something that happened or didn’t happen in
the past)
e.g I wish I had told you before.(I’m sorry I didn’t
tell you before)

8. 1. You are hungry. There is no food in the fridge. You
say: ……………………………………..
2. You are tired. You have to study for a test. You say:
……………………………………………………………
3. You split oil on your favorite white jeans. Now
there is a stain on them. You say:…………………….
4. Your neighbors are playing loud music. You can’t
sleep. You say: ……………………………………….
5. Your friend drives carelessly. You’re worried about
her. You tell her:
…………………………………………………
6. You didn’t visit your friend in hospital. She was
very upset: You say:
………………………………………………………….

9. I argued
with my
boyfriend
I didn’t
study hard
enough fro
my exams
I haven’t
got a car
I want to
be a
famous
singer

10. 1. You want to go swimming but it’s cold and windy.
I wish it weren’t cold and windy, If it weren’t cold and windy, I
could go swimming.
2. You don’t like getting up early but you have you because you
live far away from your office.
………………………………………………………………………
3. You missed the end of the film because you fell asleep.
…………………………………………………………………………..
4. You feel tired because you work long hours.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…..
5. You missed your flight because you couldn’t find a taxi
………………………………………………………………………………

11. 1. I’m sorry I didn’t lock the door.
wish I……………………………the door
2. You shouldn’t buy a car.
Were If I ……………………………buy a car
3. I want to be at home.
Wish I ……………………….at home.
4. I feel awful because I shouted at Mark.
Wish I ……………………….at Mark
5. Don’t touch the iron or you’ll burn yourself.
Will If you ………………………burn yourself.
6. I would like to have a pet.
Wish I ………………………………a pet
7. I think Ray should see a doctor.
Were If ………………………………………see a doctor.