The document discusses smoking-related deaths in the United States each year, including 123,800 from lung cancer out of a total of 438,000 smoking-related deaths. It then defines conditional probability as the probability of one event occurring given that another event has already occurred. Using this definition, it calculates the conditional probability that a smoking-related death will be caused by lung cancer as 28%, based on the number of lung cancer deaths divided by the total number of smoking-related deaths.

3. Lung cancer: 123,800 deaths Other cancers: 34,700 deaths Chronic lung disease: 90,600 deaths Coronary heart disease: 86,800 deaths Stroke: 17,400 deaths Other diagnoses: 84,600 deaths

4. There are 438,000 total U.S. deaths attributable each year to smoking. 123,800 of these deaths are caused by lung-cancer. What is the probability that a smoking-related death will be caused by lung cancer?

5. The conditional probability of an event B in relationship to an event A is the probability that event B occurs given that event A has already occurred. The probability that event B occurs, given that event A has already occurred is P(B|A). The formula for conditional probability is:

6. Lung cancer deaths are represented by the variable c Smoking deaths are represented by the variable a P (C/A)= Number of favorable outcomes for c Number of possible outcomes P (C/A)= # of lung cancer deaths # of deaths caused by smoking P (C/A)= 123,800 438,000 = 0.28

7. The probability that a smoking-related death will be caused by lung cancer is 28%