Computer networks Presentation at VSM for Dive Into IT

1. COMPUTER NETWORKS
LAN network and communication through networking
devices

2. Important Points Before We Start
1. Computer Networks
2. Client
3. Server
4. Peer to Peer
5. Packets

3. Definition:
A computer network or data
network is a telecommunications
network that allows computers to
exchange data. In computer networks,
networked computing devices pass
data to each other along data
connections.

4. Advantages Of Network
• Centralized Administration
• File Sharing
• Hardware Sharing
• Application Sharing
• User Communication
• Network Gaming

5. Disadvantages Of Network
• Security Concerns
• Virus and Malware
• Lack of Robustness
• Network Failure
• Lack of independence
• Needs an efficient handler

6. Ethernet
• Ethernet is a family of computer
networking technologies for local area (LAN)
and larger networks.
• Systems communicating over Ethernet divide a
stream of data into shorter pieces called frames.
• Each frame contains source and destination
addresses and error-checking data so that damaged
data can be detected and re-transmitted.

7. Types of Network
Distance Systems located
1m Square meter
10m Room
100m Building
1km Campus
10km City
100km Country
1000km Continent
10,000km Planet
Personal Area Network
Local Area Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Wide Area Network
Internet

8. NETWORKING DEVICES

9. LAN Cable (RJ45 connector)

10. Hub
• A hub is a device for connecting multiple
Ethernet devices together and making them act
as a single network segment.

11. Switch
• A network switch is a computer networking
device that is used to connect devices together on a
computer network, by using a form of packet
switching to forward data to the destination device.

12. Router
• A router is a networking device, commonly
specialized hardware, that forwards data
packets between computer networks. This creates
an overlay internetwork, as a router is connected to
two or more data lines from different networks.
• 2 LAN
• 2 WAN
• 1 LAN
&
1 WAN

13. Difference between Hub, Switch and
Router
• Hub distributes bandwidth where as switch provide
same bandwidth.
• Routers job is to route packets to other networks
until that packet ultimately reaches its destination.
• A packet along with data also contains destination
address.
• A hub distributes a message to all systems on the
network, whereas a switch sends it to only those
devices which need it.
• Collisions are common in case of hub.

14. NETWORKING TERMINOLOGIES

15. IP(v4) address
• IP stands for internet protocol.
• It is a series of numbers assigned to any computer
on IP based network.
• Two computer on the same network cannot share
the same IP address.
• Public IP should be specifically unique.
• It uses a dotted decimal notation to divide the 32-
bit IP in four 8bit fields, which can hold numbers
from 0-255 known where each group is known as
octet.
Example: 128.11.3.31

16. IP Addressing

17. IP(v4) address
• The first set of numbers are useful for HIS
troubleshooting.
• ISP or router provides the IP address. Also your
own system can provide you an IP address.
• A device with correct IP address usually gives a sign
that it is physically communicating with the
attached modem or router.
• IP address are classified on the basis of under
which class they come in.

18. Subnet mask
• A subnet mask is a screen of numbers used for
routing traffic within a subnet.
• Once a packet has arrived at an organization's
gateway or connection point with its
unique network number, it can be routed to its
destination within the organization's internal
gateways using the subnet number.

19. Default Gateway
• It is a router on a IP network that serves as a access
point to another network.
• In case of home network, if your ISP provides you
with router then that router acts as a gateway.
• If you are using a dial up connection without a
router then, ISP’s router acts as a default network.

20. Media Access Control
• Media access control is a communications protocol
that is used to distinguish specific devices.
• Each device has a unique MAC address.
• MAC allows each device to be recognized uniquely
by the server.

21. Common Network Commands
• Ipconfig
• Ipconfig /all
• Ping <IP/url address>
• Tracert <ip/url address>
• Nslookup <url address>

22. LAN CONNECTION

23. Step 1: Connecting hardware
components

24. Step 2: Turning on Network sharing

25. Step 3: Turning on Network sharing

26. Step 4: Starting with file sharing

27. Step 5: Accessing shared files and
directories in Windows 7
Double Click on network

28. Step 6: Selecting the system