3. RULE OF THIRDS
THE RULE STATES THAT AN IMAGE SHOULD BE IMAGINED
AS DIVIDED INTO NINE EQUAL PARTS BY TWO EQUALLY-
SPACED HORIZONTAL LINES AND TWO EQUALLY-SPACED
VERTICAL LINES, AND THAT IMPORTANT
COMPOSITIONAL ELEMENTS SHOULD BE PLACED ALONG
THESE LINES OR THEIR INTERSECTIONS. INEXPERIENCE
PHOTOGRAPHERS TEND TO PLACE POINTS OF INTEREST IN
THE CENTRE OF AN IMAGE, PROPONENTS OF THE TECHNIQUE
CLAIM THAT ALIGNING A SUBJECT WITH THESE POINTS
CREATES MORE TENSION, ENERGY AND INTEREST IN THE
COMPOSITION THAN SIMPLY CENTERING THE SUBJECT
WOULD.
4. DEPTH OF FIELD
DEPTH OF FIELD (DOF) IS DISTANCE OF WHAT IS IN FOCUS. IT IS THE
DISTANCEBETWEEN THE NEAREST AND FARTHEST OBJECTS IN
A SCENE THAT APPEAR ACCEPTABLY SHARP IN AN IMAGE.
5. SHALLOW FOCUS
SHALLOW FOCUS IS A PHOTOGRAPHIC AND CINEMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE INCORPORATING A SMALL DEPTH OF
FIELD.
IN SHALLOW FOCUS ONE PLANE OF THE IMAGE IS IN FOCUS WHILE THE REST IS OUT OF FOCUS. SHALLOW FOCUS
IS TYPICALLY USED TO EMPHASIZE ONE PART OF THE IMAGE OVER ANOTHER.
6. DEEP FOCUS
THE OPPOSITE OF SHALLOW
FOCUS IS DEEP FOCUS, IN
WHICH THE ENTIRE IMAGE IS IN
FOCUS. CONSEQUENTLY, IN DEEP
FOCUS THE
FOREGROUND, MIDDLE-GROUND
AND BACKGROUND ARE ALL IN
FOCUS.
7. FOCUS PULL
FOCUS PULL (AKA RACK FOCUS)
IS A CREATIVE CAMERA
TECHNIQUE IN WHICHYOU
CHANGE FOCUS DURING A
SHOT. USUALLY THIS MEANS
ADJUSTING THE FOCUS FROM
ONE SUBJECT TO ANOTHER.
