PHP strings allow storing and manipulating text data. A string is a series of characters that can contain any number of characters limited only by available memory. Strings can be written using single quotes, double quotes, or heredoc syntax. Special characters in strings must be escaped using a backslash. PHP provides many built-in functions for working with strings like concatenation, comparison, searching, replacing, extracting, splitting, joining, formatting and more. Regular expressions provide powerful pattern matching capabilities for strings and PHP has functions like preg_match() for searching strings using regex patterns.
Unit 1-strings,patterns and regular expressionssana mateen
The document provides an introduction to regular expressions (regex). It discusses that regex allow for defining patterns to match strings. It then covers simple regex patterns and operators like character classes, quantifiers, alternations, grouping and anchors. The document also discusses more advanced regex topics such as back references, match operators, substitution operators, and the split operator.
Strings,patterns and regular expressions in perlsana mateen
The document provides an introduction to regular expressions (regex). It discusses that regex allow for defining patterns to match strings. It then covers simple regex patterns and operators like character classes, quantifiers, alternations, grouping and anchors. The document also discusses more advanced regex topics such as back references, match operators, substitution operators, and the split operator.
The document discusses arrays in C/C++. Some key points:
- An array is a collection of elements of the same type that occupy contiguous memory locations. It simplifies declaring multiple variables of the same type.
- Arrays can be one-dimensional or multi-dimensional. A 1D array has one subscript, while a 2D array has two subscripts for rows and columns.
- Arrays allow initializing elements at declaration time. The size of an array must be specified or able to be inferred.
- Pointers store the address of a variable in memory. They are useful for passing arguments by reference, dynamic memory allocation, and building complex data structures.
Practical JavaScript Programming - Session 6/8Wilson Su
JavaScript is one of the most popular skills in today’s job market. It allows you to create both client- and server-side applications quickly and easily. Having a solid understanding of this powerful and versatile language is essential to anyone who uses it.
“Practical JavaScript Programming” does not only focus on best practices, but also introduces the fundamental concepts. This course will take you from JavaScript basics to advanced. You’ll learn about topics like Data Types, Functions, Events, AJAX and more.
The document provides tips for writing simple, readable code that is easy to maintain and adapt to changes over time. It emphasizes keeping code well-structured with small, single-purpose functions and classes, using good naming conventions, testing code, and designing for flexibility through techniques like dependency injection and interfaces. The document also encourages practicing code through katas and code reviews to improve coding skills.
Regular expressions provide a concise and flexible means of matching text patterns through the use of special characters and syntax rules. A regular expression is written in a formal language and can be interpreted by a regular expression processor to find matches within strings. Common operations include matching characters, words, whitespace, line positions, repetition of characters, character sets and ranges, and extracting matched substrings. Regular expressions are implemented in various programming languages through modules that allow compilation of patterns and methods to search/find and extract matches from strings.
Types of Strings in PHP discusses different string data types and functions in PHP. There are single-quoted and double-quoted strings, which can contain variables and escape characters respectively. Common string functions include substr() to extract substrings, str_replace() to replace substrings, and strpos() to find the position of a substring. Other useful functions are strrev() to reverse a string, str_pad() to pad a string to a length, and explode/implode to split/join strings.
PHP strings allow storing and manipulating text data. A string is a series of characters that can contain any number of characters limited only by available memory. Strings can be written using single quotes, double quotes, or heredoc syntax. Special characters in strings must be escaped using a backslash. PHP provides many built-in functions for working with strings like concatenation, comparison, searching, replacing, extracting, splitting, joining, formatting and more. Regular expressions provide powerful pattern matching capabilities for strings and PHP has functions like preg_match() for searching strings using regex patterns.
Unit 1-strings,patterns and regular expressionssana mateen
The document provides an introduction to regular expressions (regex). It discusses that regex allow for defining patterns to match strings. It then covers simple regex patterns and operators like character classes, quantifiers, alternations, grouping and anchors. The document also discusses more advanced regex topics such as back references, match operators, substitution operators, and the split operator.
Strings,patterns and regular expressions in perlsana mateen
The document provides an introduction to regular expressions (regex). It discusses that regex allow for defining patterns to match strings. It then covers simple regex patterns and operators like character classes, quantifiers, alternations, grouping and anchors. The document also discusses more advanced regex topics such as back references, match operators, substitution operators, and the split operator.
The document discusses arrays in C/C++. Some key points:
- An array is a collection of elements of the same type that occupy contiguous memory locations. It simplifies declaring multiple variables of the same type.
- Arrays can be one-dimensional or multi-dimensional. A 1D array has one subscript, while a 2D array has two subscripts for rows and columns.
- Arrays allow initializing elements at declaration time. The size of an array must be specified or able to be inferred.
- Pointers store the address of a variable in memory. They are useful for passing arguments by reference, dynamic memory allocation, and building complex data structures.
Practical JavaScript Programming - Session 6/8Wilson Su
JavaScript is one of the most popular skills in today’s job market. It allows you to create both client- and server-side applications quickly and easily. Having a solid understanding of this powerful and versatile language is essential to anyone who uses it.
“Practical JavaScript Programming” does not only focus on best practices, but also introduces the fundamental concepts. This course will take you from JavaScript basics to advanced. You’ll learn about topics like Data Types, Functions, Events, AJAX and more.
The document provides tips for writing simple, readable code that is easy to maintain and adapt to changes over time. It emphasizes keeping code well-structured with small, single-purpose functions and classes, using good naming conventions, testing code, and designing for flexibility through techniques like dependency injection and interfaces. The document also encourages practicing code through katas and code reviews to improve coding skills.
Regular expressions provide a concise and flexible means of matching text patterns through the use of special characters and syntax rules. A regular expression is written in a formal language and can be interpreted by a regular expression processor to find matches within strings. Common operations include matching characters, words, whitespace, line positions, repetition of characters, character sets and ranges, and extracting matched substrings. Regular expressions are implemented in various programming languages through modules that allow compilation of patterns and methods to search/find and extract matches from strings.
Types of Strings in PHP discusses different string data types and functions in PHP. There are single-quoted and double-quoted strings, which can contain variables and escape characters respectively. Common string functions include substr() to extract substrings, str_replace() to replace substrings, and strpos() to find the position of a substring. Other useful functions are strrev() to reverse a string, str_pad() to pad a string to a length, and explode/implode to split/join strings.
Regular expressions are a powerful tool for searching, matching, and parsing text patterns. They allow complex text patterns to be matched with a standardized syntax. All modern programming languages include regular expression libraries. Regular expressions can be used to search strings, replace parts of strings, split strings, and find all occurrences of a pattern in a string. They are useful for tasks like validating formats, parsing text, and finding/replacing text. This document provides examples of common regular expression patterns and methods for using regular expressions in Python.
This document provides an overview of strings in PHP. It discusses single and double quote strings and how they differ in handling escape sequences and variable interpolation. It also covers the heredoc syntax. The document explains functions for comparing, manipulating, and extracting substrings from strings. These include strcmp(), strlen(), substr(), and regular expression functions. It provides examples of escaping characters, accessing strings as arrays, and using strings with functions like number_format(). Overall, the document is a guide to the basics of strings and common string functions in PHP.
The document discusses topics related to practicing bioinformatics including:
- Installing and working with the TextPad text editor
- Regular expressions (regex), including patterns, quantifiers, anchors, grouping, alternation, and variable interpolation
- Using regex memory variables ($1, $2, etc.) to extract matched substrings
- The s/// substitution operator and tr/// translation operator
- Applying these skills to tasks like finding restriction enzyme cut sites in DNA sequences
The document discusses various Perl concepts related to arrays, lists, hashes, strings, patterns and regular expressions. It provides definitions and examples of arrays, lists and hashes. It explains how to manipulate arrays and lists using built-in functions like shift, unshift and push. It also discusses iterating over lists using foreach, map and grep. The document then covers strings, patterns and regular expressions. It defines regular expressions and how they are used to define patterns in strings. It explains simple patterns and special characters used in regular expressions. It also discusses tools for manipulating strings using regular expression patterns, such as substitution, translation and split operations.
Regular expressions are patterns used to match character combinations in strings. They allow concise testing of string properties and manipulation of strings through search, match, and replacement. The document outlines basic regular expression syntax like wildcards, character sets, and flags. It provides examples of using regex to validate input format and extract postal codes and phone numbers through capturing groups. Search finds matches, match returns an array of all matches, and replace substitutes matches using a function.
The document discusses pointers and arrays in C programming. It explains that an array stores multiple elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations, while a pointer variable stores the address of another variable. The summary demonstrates how to declare and initialize arrays and pointers, access array elements using pointers, pass arrays to functions by reference using pointers, and how pointers and arrays are related but not synonymous concepts.
Perl6 is a powerful programming language that incorporates many programming paradigms including functional, object oriented, reactive, and event based programming. It aims to provide programmers with a toolbox of features to build applications in many different styles. The language includes features like junctions, promises, channels, supplies, sets, roles, and strong support for Unicode. It also allows calling external native libraries and has built-in support for rational numbers, sequences, and lazy evaluation. Perl6 code examples are provided to demonstrate various features like List utilities, junctions, promises, channels/supplies, roles, and native calls. Further reading resources are also referenced.
Perl6 is a powerful programming language that incorporates many programming paradigms including functional, object-oriented, and reactive programming. It has built-in support for concepts like promises to handle asynchronous code, channels for communicating between asynchronous processes, and sets/bags for storing unique values. The language also has features for rational numbers, lazy evaluation, roles for composition, and easy integration with native libraries. Perl6 aims to provide programmers a flexible toolbox to build applications in many different styles.
The document provides information about one-dimensional arrays in C and C++, including:
- Defining a one-dimensional array by specifying the element data type, array name, and array size.
- Initializing array elements at declaration time by providing an initialization list.
- Passing arrays to functions by passing the array name, which decays to a pointer to the first element.
- Accessing array elements using indexes, and manipulating array data by passing the array to a function that accepts a pointer to the array elements.
The document discusses recursion and provides examples of recursive functions and algorithms including:
1) A recursive function to calculate the sum of an arithmetic series. It breaks the problem down into smaller sub-problems by recursively calling itself to calculate successive terms until the base case is reached.
2) Binary search illustrated recursively by dividing the search space in half on each recursive call until the target value is found or the space is empty.
3) Mergesort explained as a divide and conquer algorithm that recursively sorts sublists until lists of size 1 are reached and then merges the sorted sublists.
This document discusses enumerated types (enums) in Java. It explains that enums are a type that has a fixed set of constant values and are more readable, safer, and powerful than using int constants. Enums are objects rather than ints, can be used as types, compared with ==, and used in switch statements. Enums have useful methods like compareTo, name, ordinal, valueOf, and values. The EnumSet class can be used to represent sets of enum values. Enums can also have fields, methods, and constructors to add more functionality.
Java Cheat Sheet includes the following contents:
- Data Types
- Statements
- String, ArrayList and HashMap Methods
- Conversion
- Operators
- Exception Handling
The document discusses regular expressions (regex) in Python. It explains that regex is a sequence of characters that defines a search pattern. It provides examples of regex patterns using metacharacters like ^, $, [], etc. It also discusses various regex methods in Python like re.findall(), re.split(), re.sub(), re.search() and attributes of match objects returned like group(), start(), end() to extract matched patterns from strings.
This document summarizes Perl predefined variables, listing the variable name, description, and example use for each. There are over 50 predefined variables described, including scalars like $_, arrays like @ARGV, and hashes like %ENV that provide useful information and functionality to Perl programs.
This document summarizes different ways to work with strings in PHP, including single quoted, double quoted, and heredoc strings. It also discusses common string functions for length, searching, replacing, formatting, and regular expressions. Regular expressions provide a way to match patterns and subexpressions in strings through the use of special characters, quantifiers, and delimiters. Functions like preg_match() and preg_replace() allow working with regular expression patterns in PHP.
The document defines different types of arrays in PHP including numeric, associative, and multidimensional arrays. It also covers string functions such as strlen(), strpos(), strstr(), and substr() that allow manipulation of string values. Arrays allow storing and accessing multiple values using indices, and can be modified using functions like array_count_values(). Loops like foreach can be used to iterate through array elements.
The document discusses arrays in PHP, including the three types of arrays (indexed, associative, and multidimensional), how to create and access array elements, functions for manipulating arrays like sort(), merge(), search(), and more. Key array functions covered are sort(), asort(), ksort(), array_merge(), array_intersect(), array_diff(), and the list() function for assigning array values to variables.
preg_match searches a subject string for a regular expression pattern and returns information about matches. It returns 1 if the pattern matches or 0 if not. The matches are stored in the $matches array parameter. preg_replace searches and replaces using a regular expression pattern and replacement string. It returns the replaced string or array. preg_quote escapes regular expression characters in a string.
This chapter discusses working with text and numbers in PHP. It covers defining and manipulating strings, including validating, formatting, and changing case. Functions for selecting, replacing, and exploding parts of strings are described. Working with numbers, math operators, variables, and number formatting functions are also summarized. Key string functions include substr(), str_replace(), printf(), and number functions include rand(), round(), pow(), and abs().
The document describes an SQL to natural language comment annotator called SAC (SQL Automatic Comment Annotator). SAC takes SQL code as input and outputs the same SQL code with additional HTML comments providing a natural language summary of each SQL statement. It uses regular expressions and PHP functions to parse the SQL and generate the comments. The document includes code for the SAC class which contains methods for processing the SQL input and generating the annotated output.
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- The s/// substitution operator and tr/// translation operator
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The document provides information about one-dimensional arrays in C and C++, including:
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The document discusses recursion and provides examples of recursive functions and algorithms including:
1) A recursive function to calculate the sum of an arithmetic series. It breaks the problem down into smaller sub-problems by recursively calling itself to calculate successive terms until the base case is reached.
2) Binary search illustrated recursively by dividing the search space in half on each recursive call until the target value is found or the space is empty.
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This document discusses enumerated types (enums) in Java. It explains that enums are a type that has a fixed set of constant values and are more readable, safer, and powerful than using int constants. Enums are objects rather than ints, can be used as types, compared with ==, and used in switch statements. Enums have useful methods like compareTo, name, ordinal, valueOf, and values. The EnumSet class can be used to represent sets of enum values. Enums can also have fields, methods, and constructors to add more functionality.
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Comparing two string modification functions
1. Comparing two string
modification functions
Differences between behaviors of strtr() and
str_replace()
Patrick Maynard | Ixopay
PHPDAY VERONA 2024
1
2. About me
– Coming from the Symfony world
– Now working remotely for Ixopay, a payment orchestrator based in Vienna
– Ixopay uses Laravel, which I am still relatively new to
– We’re hiring! https://www.ixopay.com/en/company/careers
– Social media links: https://patrickmaynard.com
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3. An introduction to str_replace()
– Replaces substrings, via multiple passes if needed
– Good for real-world scenarios that are unpredictable, but where regexes are
overkill
– Case-insensitive variant is str_ireplace()
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4. str_replace() example one
– This example uses the method’s simple format, specifying exactly one
replacement pair.
$adjective = 'schön';
$converted = str_replace('ö', 'oe', $adjective);
//Gives us 'schoen'
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5. str_replace() example two
– Can use an array to specify more complex replacements
$streetName = 'Schönwald Straße';
$originals = [ 'ä', 'ö', 'ü', 'Ä', Ö', 'Ü', 'ß'];
$replacements = ['ae', 'oe', 'ue', 'Ae', 'Oe', 'Ue', 'ss' ];
$cleaned = str_replace($originals, $replacements, $streetName);
//Gives us 'Schoenwald Strasse'
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6. An introduction to strtr()
– Does ONE round of replacement, directly translating (hence the "tr") one
character or substring into another
– Has two possible input formats:
strstr(string $myString, string $from string $to)
or
strstr(string $myString, array $mappings)
– Not to be confused with strstr()
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7. strtr() example one
– This example uses the simple format, specifying exactly one replacement pair.
$adjective = 'schön';
$cleaned = strtr($adjective, 'ö', 'oe');
//Gives us 'schoen'
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8. strtr() example two
– The array format can work better for larger sets.
$streetName = 'Schönwald Straße';
$mappings = [ 'ä' => 'ae', 'ö' => 'oe', 'ü' => 'ue', 'Ä' => 'Ae' => 'Ö' => 'Oe', 'Ü' =>
'Ue', 'ß' => 'ss' ];
$cleaned = strtr($streetName, $mappings);
//Gives us 'Schoenwald Strasse'
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10. Differences in behavior
… so these are basically the same.
… right?
No.
If given an array of mappings,
str_replace() replaces inside the
replacements, going from left to right,
leading to sometimes counterintuitive
results. So this code …
$output = [];
$myString = 'WordOne WordTwo WordThree
WordFour WordFive WordSix';
$mappings = [
'WordOne' => 'WordTwo',
'WordTwo' => 'WordThree',
'WordThree' => 'WordFour',
'WordFour' => 'WordFive',
'WordFive' => 'WordSix',
'WordSix' => 'WordSeven'
];
$output['str_replace_results'] = str_replace(
array_keys($mappings),
array_values($mappings),
$myString);
$output['strtr_results'] = strtr($myString, $mappings);
print_r($output);
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12. Differences in behavior (continued)
There's more.
– The str_replace() function can take in a subject array, allowing replacement of
multiple (string-formatted) array values at once in different parts of the array
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13. Differences in behavior (continued)
There's more.
– The str_replace() function can take in a subject array, allowing replacement of
multiple (string-formatted) array values at once in different parts of the array
– When you do this (or even use a simple string replacement), you can also give a
fourth argument: An int variable that will be modified by reference to hold the
number of replacements performed. So, for example …
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15. Differences in behavior (continued)
You can even feed str_replace() a string for the subject and an array for the
replacement, allowing you to replace a series of identical wildcards in a document
with a sequence of ever-changing values.
(Similar to PDO parameter substitution -- but obviously use that safer, baked-in
PDO behavior instead if working with a database.)
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16. Summary
– Use str_replace() with caution, as it may do multiple sequential replacements
– If that's a problem (and you don't need to count replacements), use strtr()
– If you need a count but you don't trust str_replace(), you can use strtr() twice
with a flag value
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17. Thank you!
– These slides: https://www.slideshare.net/patrickmaynard3
– Ixopay careers page: https://www.ixopay.com/en/company/careers
– Social media links: https://patrickmaynard.com
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