this is for educational purposes

1. Community Engagement
Solidarity and Citizenship 12
Quarter 1
Module 8
Dynamics and Processes:
1.Power
2.Leadership

2. Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Dynamics and Processes: Power and Leadership
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City
Development Team of the Self-Learning Module
Writer: Arnold L. Espinas
Contributors: Segundino L. Maraño & Win B. Lascuña
Editors: Danim R. Majerano
Illustrator: Arnold L. Espinas
Layout Artist: Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)
Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

3. Quarter 1
Module 8
Dynamics and Processes:
Power
Leadership
12
Community Engagement
Solidarity and Citizenship

4. Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship Self-
Learning Module on Dynamics and Processes: Power and Leadership!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

5. For the Learner:
Welcome to the Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship Self-
Learning Module on Dynamics and Processes: Power and Leadership!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after
completing the lessons in the module
Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the
concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.
Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that
you understand from the previous lesson.
Lesson - This section will discuss the topic for this module.
Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.
Wrap Up - This section summarizes the concepts and
applications of the lessons.
Valuing - This part will check the integration of values in the
learning competency.
Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.

6. 1. Reflect on how the community processes affected your decision making.
2. Cite example of leaders who made a difference at the community level.
3. Discuss how an individual can become significant member of the community
even without holding any leadership functions.
Complete the statement: Choose the right word from the set of words given below
to complete each of the statements.
Choices:
A. directing B. decision C. stability D. engage E. power
1. Inclusivity means to __________ people in the planning and decision making
process.
2. Community dynamics and processes work to push the community towards
achieving __________.
3. A democratic leader respects the right of everyone to participate in the _________
making process.
4. In the absence of _________ institutions will not be able to perform their functions,
thus the community will be in disarray.
5. Leadership is the process of __________ or guiding a group towards certain goals.
To see if you’re ready for the coming discussions let us have a short review of the
lessons from the last module:
1. Can you give an examples of social groups in your community?
2. What made you think they are social groups?
3. Can you identify any characteristics that will make each of the community
structures different from one another?
Thank you for taking time answering each of the questions. So let’s get started!
EXPECTATIONS
PRETEST
RECAP

7. Before we start with the lessons in Module 8 take a moment of silence and
reflect on the following:
1. What are my community’s reactions to the laws/rules imposed by the city
government during the ECQ?
2. What particular quality should a leader in our community must possess?
3. Why do some leaders in my community fail to meet the peoples’ expectations?
What does each of the pictures say about power?
A. DYNAMICS AND PROCESSES
After the national
government declared the ECQ
over the entire Metro Manila, local
government officials followed suit
by crafting more rules which they
see fit within their territories. By
doing so the government set a new
standard for peoples’ daily
activities. Even business
establishments were required to
adopt new standards for their
operations.
Social gatherings including religious ones were temporarily shut down. The
education sector was forced to explore for any possible means to ensure that the
LESSON
Photo credits to I23rf.com
Photo credits to
cartoonmovement.com
Photo credits to Jean Nicole Cortes/
sunstar.com.ph

8. education of the students will not be hampered by the pandemic. In the process the
ECQ has effectively redefined the ways of life of the people towards creating, what we
now call, the new normal.
Community dynamics and processes work to push the community towards
achieving stability. However, it will still depend on how the structures within the
system will react to the changes that were triggered by the pandemic. There is no
way of telling if the interactions of the different structures will only produce positive
results. It can go either way but both will impact the lives of the people in the
community.
1. Power
Power in the context of
community dynamics, pertains to the
ability to influence peoples’ behavior
and institutional views affecting the
community processes. In the absence
of power institutions will not be able
to perform their functions, thus the
community will be in disarray.
There are different sources of
power at the community level;
connections, legitimate position,
expertise, charisma or personal
traits, information, coercion,
rewards and the size of the
organization the leader held. The
use of power by its wielder will affect
the community processes.
Power can bring balance within or between community structures. In some
ways power is used to undermine norms hence manipulating and changing socio-
cultural and politico-legal views.
Photo credit to Eloisa Lopez / Reuters
Photo credit to cnnphilippines.com
Photo credit to Eloisa Lopez /
Reuters.com
Photo credit to Norman Cruz /
manilastandard.net

9. 2. Leadership
Leadership is the process of directing or guiding a group towards certain goals.
Leadership is manifested in different ways depending on the orientation and personal
belief of the leader or the consensus of the
group.
There are three leadership views
that provide the basis for many leadership
styles employed in different organizations
including communities. A leader can be
autocratic, one who believes that they are
the center of the organization and
therefore deserved unconditional
obedience.
A democratic leader respects the
right of everyone to participate in
the decision making process.
Everyone’s view is respected for as
long as it will be the majority’s
decision that will settle the issue.
On the other hand
Laissez-Faire requires less
supervision from the top since
members has already exhibited
the ability to do things fairly and
accurately all on their own.
Stability in the community may be attributed to the kind of leadership
observed by the holder of authority. People will willingly support the community
building process if they know the leader is taking them to the right direction. They
can sacrifice their time and resources for a well-meaning and tested leadership.
Photo credits to the brighthubpm.com
Photo credits to the online.seu.edu
Photo credits the verywellmind.com

10. The illustration below show the ideal interactions between the leader and the
members of the community. The leader must be able to manifest good leadership
abilities which should have to be complemented with positive responses on the part
of the members.
The leader must have a program or preset idea in mind on how the community
must be governed. Inclusivity means to engage people in the planning and decision
making process. This way the leader is sharing ownership and accountability to the
program they will implement. After implementing the program the leader must have
to take time to assess whether the objective of the program is met or have the
program can be further improved.
On the other hand the people must have to perform
their duties as members of the community. They
have to commit themselves to the community
development process and be allowed to express their
views on important matters. Critical views help bring
about innovative ideas.

11. Venn diagram: Compare and contrast the roles of the leaders and members in the
community. In the intersecting section of the circles you will write the commonalities
of the two.
RUBRICS
Criteria
Score
1 2 3 4 5
CONTENT. Consistent with the lesson.
ORGANIZATION. Presentation of ideas was logically
sequenced.
STYLE. Choice of words add depth to the ideas presented.
TOTAL
ACTIVITIES
LEADER MEMBER

12. Before we begin the discussion you were asked to reflect on the following questions.
Now, try sharing your reflections to anyone and see how they will take your thoughts?
1. What are my community’s reactions to the laws/rules imposed by the city
government during the ECQ?
2. What particular quality should a leader in our community must possess?
3. Why do some leaders in my community fail to meet the peoples’ expectations?
Did you ever wish of having power to make changes in your community? Did
you ever think of why people believe that they can only do as much without power?
Is it really essential for a person to have power to be useful in the community?
The discussions in this module intends to provide you with clear
understanding of the concept of power. In the community or anywhere else you might
be, there are instances in which you are obliged to engage in any activities. Activities
that will also test your ability as a leader or as someone who can work with less
supervision.
You don’t need extra ordinary powers to be relevant in your community. It will
just be entirely up to you if you really want to make a difference. As far as the
community is concerned you will always have a choice if you want to be part of the
development process or not. But one thing for sure you have a role to play in your
community. In whatever capacity, it doesn’t matter. It’s all up to you how and when.
Complete the statement: Choose the right word from the set of words given below to
complete each of the statements.
Choices:
A. directing B. decision C. stability D. engage E. power
1. Leadership is the process of __________ or guiding a group towards certain goals.
WRAP-UP
VALUING
POSTTEST

13. 2. Community dynamics and processes work to push the community towards
achieving __________.
3. A democratic leader respects the right of everyone to participate in the _________
making process.
4. Inclusivity means to __________ people in the planning and decision making
process.
5. In the absence of _________ institutions will not be able to perform their functions,
thus the community will be in disarray.
REFERENCES
Books:
Andres, Tomas Quintin D. 1988. Community Development: A Manual. Quezon City.
New Day Publishers.
Baleña, Ederlina D. Lucero, Dolores M. & Peralta, Arnel M. 2016.
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City: Educational
Resources Corporation.
Duka, Cecilio D., Buraga, Jeremias F., Pila, Rowena A. 2014. An Introduction To
Sociology: A Filipino Perspective. Mandaluyong City. Anvil Publishing Inc.
Espinas, Arnold L. 2010. Reference Text In Nstp-Cwts. Malabon City. Mutya
Publishing House.
KEY TO CORRECTION
ANSWERS:
Pretest:
1.
D
2.
C
3.
B
4.
E
5.
A
Posttest:
1.
A
2.
C
3.
B
4.
D
5.
E

14. Zulueta, Francisco M. 2002. General Sociology (Revised Edition). Mandaluyong
City: Academic Publishing Corporation.
Photos and Illustrations:
Cartoonmovement.com – The Power of Money. Accessed on June 10 2020
https://cartoonmovement.com/cartoon/1926
Cruz, Norman – Tougher Measures. May 5 2020. Accessed on June 8 2020.
https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/323022
Clipartart.com – Library of Leaders Graphic. Accessed on June 8 2020.
https://clipartart.com/categories/leaders-clipart.html
CNN Philippines Staff - 21 protesters demanding food aid arrested in Quezon City.
April 1 2020. Accessed on June 8 2020.
https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/1/quezon-city-protesters-
arrested-.html
Cortes, Jean Nicole - New normal’ bill filed in Congress. April 28 2020. Accessed on
June 10 2020
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1854300/Manila/Local-News/New-
normal-bill-filed-in-Congress
Lopez, Eloisa - When the first case of coronavirus was announced in the Philippines
people rushed to get masks. February 3 2020. Accessed on June 9 2020.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/prayers-fury-philippines-
reports-coronavirus-death-200203014025908.html
Merez, Arianne - Philippines extends lockdown of millions in Luzon to April 30. April
7 2020. Accessed on June 8 2020. https://news.abs-
cbn.com/news/04/07/20/philippines-extends-lockdown-of-millions-in-
luzon-to-april-30
Southeastern University Online – Take the quiz! What type of a leader are you? July
11 2018. Accessed on June 8 2020. https://online.seu.edu/articles/quiz-
what-type-of-leadership-style-do-you-have/
Verywell Mind – What is Laissez-Faire Leadership? The Pros and Cons. October 1
2019. Accessed on June 8 2020. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-
laissez-faire-leadership-2795316