UPH-MENEC Commercial law ppt
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This document discusses two types of business entities in Indonesia: Persero and Regionally Owned Enterprises (Perusahaan Daerah). Persero refers to State Limited Liability Companies that are majority owned by the government and overseen by the Ministry of State Enterprises. Regionally Owned Enterprises are companies owned and established by regional governments to improve local economies. The document outlines the key characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and rules/regulations governing the establishment and operation of these two business entity types in Indonesia.
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Inventarisasi aset - Asset Inventory as a part of asset management
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一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
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本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
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Matthew Professional CV experienced Government Liaison
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Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
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सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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- 1. BusinessEnterprises State Limited Liability Company (Persero) Regional Owned Enterprises ( PD ) Brian Anputra 000-0000-8890 Isabella Permatasari 000-0000-8052 Park Jong Sun 000-0000-9660 Richardson Tjongirin 000-0001-0734
- 2. Persero (State LLC) Persero is a State Limited Liability Company It means either the company is owned wholly / majority (at least 51% of the stock) by the government. The government takes control of the state corporations under one single ministry, the Ministry of State Enterprises, which acts like the CEO of a holding company. In article :book one article 15-36 KUHDagang/commercial code Indonesia’s 1945 constitution article 33:3”Soil and water and natural wealth contained therein shall be controlled by the state and used for the welfare of the people to the utmost. “ Examples :PT.Bank Mandiri (persero) Tbk. PT.Garuda Airways GIA (persero),PT Angkasa Pura (Persero), PT. Pos Indonesia (persero), PT.Kimia Farma (persero)
- 3. 1. The main objective is profit ( Commercial ) 2. Capital is partly or entirely derived from the wealth of a country that offered the stocks 3. run by director, rups is the highest entity 4. Employee status is private employees 5. The business entity is written as PT (name of company) (Limited) 6. Do not receive State facilities 7. Consists of : RUPS, board of directors, board of commisioners CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSERO
- 4. PERSERO ADVANTAGES Profit oriented. provide very essential services to the people at cheaper and affordable rates (Ex-electricity and water are some of the essential services) Protect the consumers from being exploited by private enterprises by offering them a cheaper and better alternative. Help the government to control certain strategic sectors of the economy. DISADVANTAGES Cost a lot of money to build The employees are private employees Hard to increase their capital Has to pay a lot of fees and government regulation such as annual fees
- 5. RULES AND REGULATIONS TO BUILD PERSERO Articles 11 UU BUMN, which stated that the rules and regulations for persero has the same principals with PT as how it is also ruled in UU No.1 thn 1995 which later replaced to UU No. 40 thn 2007. Articles 7(7) UU PT, stated that persero should be build by at least 2 people, but it doesn’t apply if the state own the whole share, it also doesn’t apply for those who runs the Stock exchange, and etc (ruled in UU Pasar Modal).
- 6. Regionally Owned Enterprises (Perusahaan Daerah ) Business enterprises that is owned and build by regional government to improve that region’s economy. KUHD article 95-96
- 8. 8 CHARACTERISTICS Local government is stated as stockholder in a company. Local government has the power and authority in controlling the company. Ruled by local regulation The purpose is to fund the region’s economic activities.
- 9. Regional Owned Enterprises ADVANTAGES All the profits are meant to be used by specific region. An opportunity to creates a prosperous region. Creates an easy access to regional citizen. DISADVANTAGES Hard to economically maintained. Most of the rules and regulations might slow down the growth of enterprises. The management of enterprises also affected by the region’s economic capability.
- 10. 6/4/2015 RULES AND REGULATIONS TO BUILD PERUSAHAN DAERAH Rule 41 ayat 5 UU 1/2004 stated that the capital of the Regionally owned enterprise / perusahan daerah is to be established according to the regulation on that specific area The local government should be responsible to manage and to create the entreprise by themselves with the aim of a better wealthcare of the people The development of the enterprise should be equal to undang undang no 22 tahun 1999