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A PRESENTATION ON
TOPIC : Commands
 MAN
 MORE
 LESS
 WHATIS
-BY M MADHU SUDHAN
4AL20CS072
COMMAND MAN
• man command in Linux is used to display the user manual of any command that we can run
on the terminal.
• It provides a detailed view of the command which includes NAME, SYNOPSIS,
DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, EXIT STATUS, RETURN VALUES, ERRORS, FILES,
VERSIONS, EXAMPLES, AUTHORS .
• Syntax :
$man [OPTION]... [COMMAND NAME]...
• Examples :
1. $ man printf 2. $ man 2 intro 3. $ man -f ls
4. $ man -a intro 5. $ man -k cd
COMMAND MORE
• more command is used to view the text files in the command prompt, displaying one screen
at a time in case the file is large (For example logfiles).
• The more command also allows the user do scroll up and down through the page. Another
application of more is to use it with some other command after a pipe.
• When the output is large, we can use more command to see output one by one.
• Syntax: more [-options] [-num] [+/pattern] [+linenum] [file_name]
o[-options]: any option that you want to use in order to change the way the file is
displayed.
Choose any one from the followings: (-d, -l, -f, -p, -c, -s, -u).
o [-num]: type the number of lines that you want to display per screen.
o [+/pattern]: replace the pattern with any string that you want to find in the text file.
o [+linenum]: use the line number from where you want to start displaying the text
content.
o [file_name]: name of the file containing the text that you want to display on the
screen.
EXAMPLE:
1. more -d sample.txt
2. more -f sample.txt
3. more -p sample.txt
COMMAND LESS
• Less command is a Linux utility that can be used to read the contents of a text file one
page(one screen) at a time.
• It has faster access because if file is large it doesn’t access the complete file, but accesses it
page by page.
• For example, if it’s a large file and you are reading it using any text editor, then the complete
file will be loaded to main memory.
• The less command doesn’t load the entire file, but loads it part by part which makes it faster.
• Syntax :
less filename
• Examples :
1. dmesg | less -p "failure“
The above command tells less to start at first occurrence of pattern
“failure” in the file.
2. dmesg | less –N
It will show output along with line numbers
3. less -F filename
It will not give any output, since file can be displayed in single screen.
COMMAND WHATIS
• The whatis command is used to get brief information about Linux commands or functions.
• It displays the manual page description in a single line of the command that passes with the
whatis command.
• It searches for the strings that have been passed with it from its index databases.
• Syntax:
whatis [-options]
• If it is used without any argument, it will display a brief description from the manual about
the specified command in one line.
Example:
1. whatis -s "1","2" cat : This command will display brief information about the cat
command and functions of manual page 1 and page 2.
2.whatis -w 'ab*'<br>
3.whatis -w 'cd*’ : This commands will display the commands and functions with the
matching patterns.
4.whatis -r 'cd$’ : This command will display a short description of the functions that match
the specified pattern.
5.whatis --usage :The above command will print a short message about usage.
THANK YOU

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COMMAND.pptx

  • 1. A PRESENTATION ON TOPIC : Commands  MAN  MORE  LESS  WHATIS -BY M MADHU SUDHAN 4AL20CS072
  • 2. COMMAND MAN • man command in Linux is used to display the user manual of any command that we can run on the terminal. • It provides a detailed view of the command which includes NAME, SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, EXIT STATUS, RETURN VALUES, ERRORS, FILES, VERSIONS, EXAMPLES, AUTHORS . • Syntax : $man [OPTION]... [COMMAND NAME]... • Examples : 1. $ man printf 2. $ man 2 intro 3. $ man -f ls 4. $ man -a intro 5. $ man -k cd
  • 3. COMMAND MORE • more command is used to view the text files in the command prompt, displaying one screen at a time in case the file is large (For example logfiles). • The more command also allows the user do scroll up and down through the page. Another application of more is to use it with some other command after a pipe. • When the output is large, we can use more command to see output one by one. • Syntax: more [-options] [-num] [+/pattern] [+linenum] [file_name] o[-options]: any option that you want to use in order to change the way the file is displayed. Choose any one from the followings: (-d, -l, -f, -p, -c, -s, -u).
  • 4. o [-num]: type the number of lines that you want to display per screen. o [+/pattern]: replace the pattern with any string that you want to find in the text file. o [+linenum]: use the line number from where you want to start displaying the text content. o [file_name]: name of the file containing the text that you want to display on the screen. EXAMPLE: 1. more -d sample.txt 2. more -f sample.txt 3. more -p sample.txt
  • 5. COMMAND LESS • Less command is a Linux utility that can be used to read the contents of a text file one page(one screen) at a time. • It has faster access because if file is large it doesn’t access the complete file, but accesses it page by page. • For example, if it’s a large file and you are reading it using any text editor, then the complete file will be loaded to main memory. • The less command doesn’t load the entire file, but loads it part by part which makes it faster. • Syntax : less filename
  • 6. • Examples : 1. dmesg | less -p "failure“ The above command tells less to start at first occurrence of pattern “failure” in the file. 2. dmesg | less –N It will show output along with line numbers 3. less -F filename It will not give any output, since file can be displayed in single screen.
  • 7. COMMAND WHATIS • The whatis command is used to get brief information about Linux commands or functions. • It displays the manual page description in a single line of the command that passes with the whatis command. • It searches for the strings that have been passed with it from its index databases. • Syntax: whatis [-options] • If it is used without any argument, it will display a brief description from the manual about the specified command in one line.
  • 8. Example: 1. whatis -s "1","2" cat : This command will display brief information about the cat command and functions of manual page 1 and page 2. 2.whatis -w 'ab*'<br> 3.whatis -w 'cd*’ : This commands will display the commands and functions with the matching patterns. 4.whatis -r 'cd$’ : This command will display a short description of the functions that match the specified pattern. 5.whatis --usage :The above command will print a short message about usage.