The use of such terms as “tribe, tribal and tribalism” in global media serves only to denigrate the continent of Africa and all Africans, regardless of where they live.
This document discusses diaspora, hybridity, and their relationship. It defines diaspora as the dispersal of a population from its homeland and its retention of a collective identity and connection to the homeland. Hybridity is defined as the mixing of two different things, such as the mixing of cultures that occurs when diaspora populations integrate aspects of their native and new cultures. The document posits that hybridity commonly emerges within diaspora populations in sectors such as culture, language, and identity as they blend traditions from their homeland with those of their new country.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in diaspora literature. It begins by defining diaspora as the displacement of a community into a new geographical and cultural region. It then discusses two main moves in diasporic writing: the spatial move involving de-territorialization and re-territorialization, and the temporal move of looking back to the past and forward to the future. Several diasporic authors and their works are listed. The features of diasporic culture include themes of memory, alienation in the new society, and connection to the homeland. Three overarching themes are identified: nostalgia and imaginary homelands, hybrid identities, and globalization. Examples from authors Margaret Atwood
Representation of ethnic minorities in mediaXinnia Ejaz
Ethnic minorities are often underrepresented or misrepresented in media. They are frequently portrayed through negative stereotypes as criminals, threats, or with abnormal cultural behaviors. While representation is improving with more diverse roles, historically media has been dominated by white stories and characters. Stereotypical portrayals of ethnic groups can influence and spread misconceptions among audiences. However, representation is beginning to improve as audiences demand more diversity and ethnic minorities obtain more opportunities working within media industries.
focuses on the portrayal of Caribbean culture in social studies books for young people that are widely used in North America and Britain in response to the demand for multicultureal materials to support the curriculum.
This document discusses the concept of cultural hybridity in select Indian diasporic fiction. It explores how migration and globalization have led to a blending of cultural influences, traditions, and values for immigrants. Writers like Jhumpa Lahiri, Bharati Mukherjee, and others depict the experiences of Indian immigrants who blend elements of Indian and American culture together, creating a new hybrid cultural identity and space in their adopted homelands.
This document summarizes reviews of two books: The African Son by Hemminger and Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa by Catherine Higgs.
The first review describes The African Son as a memoir of Hemminger's travels in Africa from Senegal to Madagascar where he observes the lives of various people and cultures. The only criticism is the lack of photographs.
The second review provides a summary of Chocolate Islands, which details how chocolate production in Sao Tome and Principe relied on slave labor in the late 19th/early 20th century. It describes Joseph Burtt's investigation into these claims and eventual realization that slavery and abuse were occurring. The
Since the end of the Civil Rights Movement, large numbers of black people have made their way into
settings previously occupied only by whites, though their reception has been mixed. Overwhelmingly white
neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, restaurants, and other public spaces remain. Blacks perceive such
settings as “the white space,” which they often consider to be informally “off limits” for people like them.
Meanwhile, despite the growth of an enormous black middle class, many whites assume that the natural
black space is that destitute and fearsome locality so commonly featured in the public media, including
popular books, music and videos, and the TV news—the iconic ghetto. White people typically avoid black
space, but black people are required to navigate the white space as a condition of their existence.
Education for a New Reality in the African World by Dr. John Henrik ClarkeRBG Communiversity
This document summarizes an essay by Dr. John Henrik Clarke titled "Education for a New Reality in the African World". The essay calls for an educational approach for Africans that restores African culture and empowers Africans to manage their own resources, as was taken from them by slavery and colonialism. It notes that current African leaders were educated by European models that do not fit African societies. It argues Africans must educate themselves using African-centered methodologies to achieve true independence, citing Japan's ability to recover from Western domination by retaining their culture and strategic independence.
This document discusses diaspora, hybridity, and their relationship. It defines diaspora as the dispersal of a population from its homeland and its retention of a collective identity and connection to the homeland. Hybridity is defined as the mixing of two different things, such as the mixing of cultures that occurs when diaspora populations integrate aspects of their native and new cultures. The document posits that hybridity commonly emerges within diaspora populations in sectors such as culture, language, and identity as they blend traditions from their homeland with those of their new country.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in diaspora literature. It begins by defining diaspora as the displacement of a community into a new geographical and cultural region. It then discusses two main moves in diasporic writing: the spatial move involving de-territorialization and re-territorialization, and the temporal move of looking back to the past and forward to the future. Several diasporic authors and their works are listed. The features of diasporic culture include themes of memory, alienation in the new society, and connection to the homeland. Three overarching themes are identified: nostalgia and imaginary homelands, hybrid identities, and globalization. Examples from authors Margaret Atwood
Representation of ethnic minorities in mediaXinnia Ejaz
Ethnic minorities are often underrepresented or misrepresented in media. They are frequently portrayed through negative stereotypes as criminals, threats, or with abnormal cultural behaviors. While representation is improving with more diverse roles, historically media has been dominated by white stories and characters. Stereotypical portrayals of ethnic groups can influence and spread misconceptions among audiences. However, representation is beginning to improve as audiences demand more diversity and ethnic minorities obtain more opportunities working within media industries.
focuses on the portrayal of Caribbean culture in social studies books for young people that are widely used in North America and Britain in response to the demand for multicultureal materials to support the curriculum.
This document discusses the concept of cultural hybridity in select Indian diasporic fiction. It explores how migration and globalization have led to a blending of cultural influences, traditions, and values for immigrants. Writers like Jhumpa Lahiri, Bharati Mukherjee, and others depict the experiences of Indian immigrants who blend elements of Indian and American culture together, creating a new hybrid cultural identity and space in their adopted homelands.
This document summarizes reviews of two books: The African Son by Hemminger and Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa by Catherine Higgs.
The first review describes The African Son as a memoir of Hemminger's travels in Africa from Senegal to Madagascar where he observes the lives of various people and cultures. The only criticism is the lack of photographs.
The second review provides a summary of Chocolate Islands, which details how chocolate production in Sao Tome and Principe relied on slave labor in the late 19th/early 20th century. It describes Joseph Burtt's investigation into these claims and eventual realization that slavery and abuse were occurring. The
Since the end of the Civil Rights Movement, large numbers of black people have made their way into
settings previously occupied only by whites, though their reception has been mixed. Overwhelmingly white
neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, restaurants, and other public spaces remain. Blacks perceive such
settings as “the white space,” which they often consider to be informally “off limits” for people like them.
Meanwhile, despite the growth of an enormous black middle class, many whites assume that the natural
black space is that destitute and fearsome locality so commonly featured in the public media, including
popular books, music and videos, and the TV news—the iconic ghetto. White people typically avoid black
space, but black people are required to navigate the white space as a condition of their existence.
Education for a New Reality in the African World by Dr. John Henrik ClarkeRBG Communiversity
This document summarizes an essay by Dr. John Henrik Clarke titled "Education for a New Reality in the African World". The essay calls for an educational approach for Africans that restores African culture and empowers Africans to manage their own resources, as was taken from them by slavery and colonialism. It notes that current African leaders were educated by European models that do not fit African societies. It argues Africans must educate themselves using African-centered methodologies to achieve true independence, citing Japan's ability to recover from Western domination by retaining their culture and strategic independence.
This document discusses key concepts related to ethnicity, representation of ethnic groups in media, and stereotypes. It defines ethnicity as belonging to a social group with shared cultural traditions. Dominant groups have more population than subordinate groups. Hegemony refers to the beliefs of ruling classes that become socially accepted. The document then analyzes stereotypical portrayals of different ethnic groups in media, how some representations reinforce stereotypes while others challenge them, and efforts toward more accurate representation.
Hybridization refers to the process of cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred in the Caribbean beginning with European colonization. When different groups like Europeans, Africans, and indigenous peoples encountered one another, they adopted aspects of each other's languages and cultural practices, producing new "creole" forms. However, it was the institution of plantation slavery that most deeply entrenched hybridization in Caribbean society and culture by forcing interactions between these groups.
different narration in novels on Colonialism in Africa Paper- 14Daksha Makwana
This document provides an analysis of different perspectives on colonialism in Africa presented in three novels: A Grain of Wheat by Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. It summarizes the key themes and portrayal of colonialism in each novel, with A Grain of Wheat focusing on the Mau Mau revolution in Kenya, Things Fall Apart depicting a civilized pre-colonial African society disrupted by colonization, and Heart of Darkness presenting Africans as primitive savages in the Congo. The document concludes that colonialism had long-lasting impacts on Africa both positively and negatively.
Race is a social construct used to categorize and distinguish groups, often based on physical attributes like skin color. An ethnic group shares cultural traditions rather than physical attributes. Both race and ethnicity strongly impact people's lives and opportunities through discrimination and unequal treatment. While discrimination exists in many areas like sports, the U.S. population is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse with increasing populations of racial minorities. This demographic shift may impact future racial and ethnic relations.
This document discusses the significance of African history and the need to reexamine it through a new lens. It argues that popular views of African history have been distorted to justify colonialism and the slave trade. It asserts that Africa has a rich history of great civilizations and empires, contrary to past views that portrayed the continent as uncivilized. It also discusses the importance of Pan-African nationalism in helping Africans regain their identity and unite after being fragmented by colonial powers.
Pakistani culture is a culturally hybridized society that has emerged through the merging of various cultures over time. The document outlines how Pakistani culture has been influenced by the Indus Valley Civilization, subsequent Muslim and British rule, and has incorporated cultural aspects from these and other influences like India, China, and the West. It provides examples of how language, food, clothing, ceremonies, and other cultural traditions in Pakistan today reflect this hybridization through influences and blending of multiple distinct cultures.
The document discusses several topics related to national, racial, and ethnic identity in Britain. It explores how notions of whiteness and Englishness have been used to include and exclude groups over time. It also examines the experiences of non-white Britons and how some have felt like foreigners in their own country due to racism and stereotyping. The poem "My Mother Used to Dance" describes how the speaker's mother's spirit was diminished by discrimination and comments that eroded her sense of self and ability to express herself through dance.
Global Challenges - Diasporic Sensibility in Short Stories of Indo-Canadian W...Dilip Barad
This document summarizes key ideas from the presented paper on global challenges and diasporic sensibility in short stories by Indo-Canadian women writers. It discusses themes of utopianism and melancholia in diaspora theory, a sense of impasse or blocked movement, and the increasing relevance of diasporas of violence in the post-9/11 world. Specific short stories are analyzed that illustrate these themes, such as themes of broken utopian dreams, gender and cultural clashes, and retellings that represent new forms of violence and loss of identity.
This document discusses the concept of diaspora and imaginary homelands in post-colonial literature. It defines diaspora as large groups of people who share a homeland but have migrated to other parts of the world. Diaspora increased significantly during World War II and the process of decolonization. Writer Salman Rushdie explored themes of cultural displacement and dual identity for diaspora populations in his work "Imaginary Homelands", drawing on his own experiences growing up in India, migrating to England, and identifying with multiple cultures. The document examines Rushdie's perspectives on belonging, memory, and the challenges faced by those straddling two worlds.
This document discusses concepts related to race, ethnicity, and migration. It begins by outlining key terms like race, ethnicity, and minority groups. It notes that race is a social construct rather than a biological one. The document then examines theories of racism, including ethnocentrism, group closure, and resource allocation. It also discusses models of ethnic integration such as assimilation, melting pot, and cultural pluralism. The document considers debates around multiculturalism and issues like cultural diversity versus solidarity. It concludes by reflecting on concepts like "us and them" as well as ethnicity and inequality.
Hybridity and National identity in Post Colonial WorldRamiz39
This document discusses the concepts of hybridity and national identity in post-colonial literature. It defines hybridity as the mixture of two different things, such as the blending of two cultures. National identity is defined as a person's sense of belonging to a particular nation or state. The document explores how cultural hybridity occurs through the mixing of elements like food, languages, and people from different cultures and religions. It also examines how hybridization can impact and influence a person or culture's identity. Examples from literature are provided to illustrate issues of identity that can arise from the blending of East and West.
The document discusses representation of race and ethnicity in media. It notes that while race has biological elements, there are also cultural components to representation. Media often relies on rigid racial stereotypes, especially in portrayals of minority groups. This can negatively impact viewers' perceptions, especially for children who have little other exposure to different cultures. The document calls for more accurate and diverse portrayals of various racial and ethnic groups in television, films, and other media to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes. It provides several specific examples of how different minority groups such as African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans have been stereotyped in media over time.
This document provides an analysis of the 2006 film Blood Diamond as an example of how Hollywood representations of African culture can be inaccurate and promote overgeneralization. It discusses how the film's synopses and marketing portray Africa and Africans in simplistic, negative ways. The analysis argues that Blood Diamond, like many other Hollywood films about Africa, reduces the culture to primitive depictions that ignore cultural nuances and complexities. It aims to critically examine how the film represents African ethnography through textual analysis and existing frameworks around ethnographic cinema.
48-110 (Foundations of Social Life) - Lesson Objectives
1. Distinguish between race, ethnicity and minority group;
2. Explain what is meant by race as a social construct;
3. Define and give examples of racism in real life and popular culture;
4. Discuss and give examples of White Privilege;
5. Define and discuss pluralism, multiculturalism, and assimilation;
6. Define and give examples of prejudice and discrimination;
7. Recognize and provide examples of racial and ethnic stereotypes;
8. Describe the various forms of ethnic conflict;
9. Discuss the role of race and ethnicity in crime, criminality and criminal justice
The Montana State University Women's Center and the Diversity Awareness Office present One Woman, One History: A Conversation with Ida B. Wells on Wednesday, March 5, 6:30, at the Procrastinator Theater at Montana State University, Bozeman.
Popular culture in Latin America includes expressions like salsa, samba, religious rituals, masks, weaving, and oral stories that originate from subordinate classes. In the 19th century, popular culture became intertwined with notions of national identity. Popular culture represents the whole way of life and produces symbolic forms of expression. It involves syncretic religious practices like pilgrimages, festivals, and morality plays. Governments have both promoted popular culture to represent the nation but also pushed for modernization. Popular culture offers alternative ways of life and identity compared to Western culture. Mass media like radio, television, and telenovelas act as a bridge between traditional and modern aspects of society. Popular culture can be a site of resistance and
This document discusses the Negritude movement and how Frantz Fanon and Cheikh Anta Diop situated it. It began in the 1930s as a literary and ideological movement by Francophone students to confront colonial racism. While both emphasized restoring black identity, Fanon saw Negritude as a response to colonial alienation, while Diop saw it as contingent on restoring pre-colonial African historical consciousness by locating African origins. The document also examines how Walter Rodney synthesized their ideas through his political documentary "The Terror and the Time" to intervene in controlling knowledge production.
“Little Englander” – Fawlty Towers A Textual Analysis of Nationalistic Ideolo...Jaskirt Boora
This document provides a summary and analysis of the 1970s British sitcom Fawlty Towers. It analyzes how the show represented notions of British national identity and community through the character of Basil Fawlty. Basil runs a small hotel in Torquay as a "mini-construction of Britain" with a narrow view of who belongs. He holds nationalist, classist views and believes firmly in traditions of the British Empire. His rigid ideology of who belongs causes constant conflict and prevents the hotel from being a harmonious community that accepts differences. The analysis suggests Basil's views represent a nostalgia for a lost imperial Britain and conceptions of national identity that exclude many people.
This document discusses the history and challenges of multiculturalism in Britain. It describes how multiculturalism was initially seen as a positive way to recognize cultural diversity, but then faced criticism for promoting segregation between cultural groups. Some argue multiculturalism is now in crisis due to societies becoming too diverse, while others call for more integration and community cohesion. Overall, the document examines the complex debate around multiculturalism in Britain over time.
This document discusses ethnicity in Africa. It argues that ethnicity has long been viewed negatively in Africa as "tribalism" or a remnant of the past, but that this view is misguided. Ethnicity remains an important part of African identity and should be viewed positively. Seeing ethnicity as positive could help address conflicts, support development, and guide resource mobilization. Rather than blaming ethnicity for issues like violence or economic competition, the artificial borders imposed during colonization and dysfunctional post-colonial states are more valid sources of problems in Africa. The document advocates reexamining ethnicity in a positive light and drawing on ethnic history and community as a basis for development.
The RBG Quest for Black Power Reader a The RBG Quest for Black Power Reader: ...RBG Communiversity
This document provides an overview and introduction to essays on the history of Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism. It discusses how the compilation aims to encourage critical thinking about these topics through both written and oral traditions. The essays will examine Black Nationalist philosophies and ideologies from different time periods, covering influential figures like Marcus Garvey, Elijah Muhammad, and Malcolm X. They will also discuss the origins and key principles of Black Nationalism, including black unity, self-determination, and the importance of Africa to the movement.
This document discusses key concepts related to ethnicity, representation of ethnic groups in media, and stereotypes. It defines ethnicity as belonging to a social group with shared cultural traditions. Dominant groups have more population than subordinate groups. Hegemony refers to the beliefs of ruling classes that become socially accepted. The document then analyzes stereotypical portrayals of different ethnic groups in media, how some representations reinforce stereotypes while others challenge them, and efforts toward more accurate representation.
Hybridization refers to the process of cultural and ethnic mixing that occurred in the Caribbean beginning with European colonization. When different groups like Europeans, Africans, and indigenous peoples encountered one another, they adopted aspects of each other's languages and cultural practices, producing new "creole" forms. However, it was the institution of plantation slavery that most deeply entrenched hybridization in Caribbean society and culture by forcing interactions between these groups.
different narration in novels on Colonialism in Africa Paper- 14Daksha Makwana
This document provides an analysis of different perspectives on colonialism in Africa presented in three novels: A Grain of Wheat by Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. It summarizes the key themes and portrayal of colonialism in each novel, with A Grain of Wheat focusing on the Mau Mau revolution in Kenya, Things Fall Apart depicting a civilized pre-colonial African society disrupted by colonization, and Heart of Darkness presenting Africans as primitive savages in the Congo. The document concludes that colonialism had long-lasting impacts on Africa both positively and negatively.
Race is a social construct used to categorize and distinguish groups, often based on physical attributes like skin color. An ethnic group shares cultural traditions rather than physical attributes. Both race and ethnicity strongly impact people's lives and opportunities through discrimination and unequal treatment. While discrimination exists in many areas like sports, the U.S. population is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse with increasing populations of racial minorities. This demographic shift may impact future racial and ethnic relations.
This document discusses the significance of African history and the need to reexamine it through a new lens. It argues that popular views of African history have been distorted to justify colonialism and the slave trade. It asserts that Africa has a rich history of great civilizations and empires, contrary to past views that portrayed the continent as uncivilized. It also discusses the importance of Pan-African nationalism in helping Africans regain their identity and unite after being fragmented by colonial powers.
Pakistani culture is a culturally hybridized society that has emerged through the merging of various cultures over time. The document outlines how Pakistani culture has been influenced by the Indus Valley Civilization, subsequent Muslim and British rule, and has incorporated cultural aspects from these and other influences like India, China, and the West. It provides examples of how language, food, clothing, ceremonies, and other cultural traditions in Pakistan today reflect this hybridization through influences and blending of multiple distinct cultures.
The document discusses several topics related to national, racial, and ethnic identity in Britain. It explores how notions of whiteness and Englishness have been used to include and exclude groups over time. It also examines the experiences of non-white Britons and how some have felt like foreigners in their own country due to racism and stereotyping. The poem "My Mother Used to Dance" describes how the speaker's mother's spirit was diminished by discrimination and comments that eroded her sense of self and ability to express herself through dance.
Global Challenges - Diasporic Sensibility in Short Stories of Indo-Canadian W...Dilip Barad
This document summarizes key ideas from the presented paper on global challenges and diasporic sensibility in short stories by Indo-Canadian women writers. It discusses themes of utopianism and melancholia in diaspora theory, a sense of impasse or blocked movement, and the increasing relevance of diasporas of violence in the post-9/11 world. Specific short stories are analyzed that illustrate these themes, such as themes of broken utopian dreams, gender and cultural clashes, and retellings that represent new forms of violence and loss of identity.
This document discusses the concept of diaspora and imaginary homelands in post-colonial literature. It defines diaspora as large groups of people who share a homeland but have migrated to other parts of the world. Diaspora increased significantly during World War II and the process of decolonization. Writer Salman Rushdie explored themes of cultural displacement and dual identity for diaspora populations in his work "Imaginary Homelands", drawing on his own experiences growing up in India, migrating to England, and identifying with multiple cultures. The document examines Rushdie's perspectives on belonging, memory, and the challenges faced by those straddling two worlds.
This document discusses concepts related to race, ethnicity, and migration. It begins by outlining key terms like race, ethnicity, and minority groups. It notes that race is a social construct rather than a biological one. The document then examines theories of racism, including ethnocentrism, group closure, and resource allocation. It also discusses models of ethnic integration such as assimilation, melting pot, and cultural pluralism. The document considers debates around multiculturalism and issues like cultural diversity versus solidarity. It concludes by reflecting on concepts like "us and them" as well as ethnicity and inequality.
Hybridity and National identity in Post Colonial WorldRamiz39
This document discusses the concepts of hybridity and national identity in post-colonial literature. It defines hybridity as the mixture of two different things, such as the blending of two cultures. National identity is defined as a person's sense of belonging to a particular nation or state. The document explores how cultural hybridity occurs through the mixing of elements like food, languages, and people from different cultures and religions. It also examines how hybridization can impact and influence a person or culture's identity. Examples from literature are provided to illustrate issues of identity that can arise from the blending of East and West.
The document discusses representation of race and ethnicity in media. It notes that while race has biological elements, there are also cultural components to representation. Media often relies on rigid racial stereotypes, especially in portrayals of minority groups. This can negatively impact viewers' perceptions, especially for children who have little other exposure to different cultures. The document calls for more accurate and diverse portrayals of various racial and ethnic groups in television, films, and other media to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes. It provides several specific examples of how different minority groups such as African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans have been stereotyped in media over time.
This document provides an analysis of the 2006 film Blood Diamond as an example of how Hollywood representations of African culture can be inaccurate and promote overgeneralization. It discusses how the film's synopses and marketing portray Africa and Africans in simplistic, negative ways. The analysis argues that Blood Diamond, like many other Hollywood films about Africa, reduces the culture to primitive depictions that ignore cultural nuances and complexities. It aims to critically examine how the film represents African ethnography through textual analysis and existing frameworks around ethnographic cinema.
48-110 (Foundations of Social Life) - Lesson Objectives
1. Distinguish between race, ethnicity and minority group;
2. Explain what is meant by race as a social construct;
3. Define and give examples of racism in real life and popular culture;
4. Discuss and give examples of White Privilege;
5. Define and discuss pluralism, multiculturalism, and assimilation;
6. Define and give examples of prejudice and discrimination;
7. Recognize and provide examples of racial and ethnic stereotypes;
8. Describe the various forms of ethnic conflict;
9. Discuss the role of race and ethnicity in crime, criminality and criminal justice
The Montana State University Women's Center and the Diversity Awareness Office present One Woman, One History: A Conversation with Ida B. Wells on Wednesday, March 5, 6:30, at the Procrastinator Theater at Montana State University, Bozeman.
Popular culture in Latin America includes expressions like salsa, samba, religious rituals, masks, weaving, and oral stories that originate from subordinate classes. In the 19th century, popular culture became intertwined with notions of national identity. Popular culture represents the whole way of life and produces symbolic forms of expression. It involves syncretic religious practices like pilgrimages, festivals, and morality plays. Governments have both promoted popular culture to represent the nation but also pushed for modernization. Popular culture offers alternative ways of life and identity compared to Western culture. Mass media like radio, television, and telenovelas act as a bridge between traditional and modern aspects of society. Popular culture can be a site of resistance and
This document discusses the Negritude movement and how Frantz Fanon and Cheikh Anta Diop situated it. It began in the 1930s as a literary and ideological movement by Francophone students to confront colonial racism. While both emphasized restoring black identity, Fanon saw Negritude as a response to colonial alienation, while Diop saw it as contingent on restoring pre-colonial African historical consciousness by locating African origins. The document also examines how Walter Rodney synthesized their ideas through his political documentary "The Terror and the Time" to intervene in controlling knowledge production.
“Little Englander” – Fawlty Towers A Textual Analysis of Nationalistic Ideolo...Jaskirt Boora
This document provides a summary and analysis of the 1970s British sitcom Fawlty Towers. It analyzes how the show represented notions of British national identity and community through the character of Basil Fawlty. Basil runs a small hotel in Torquay as a "mini-construction of Britain" with a narrow view of who belongs. He holds nationalist, classist views and believes firmly in traditions of the British Empire. His rigid ideology of who belongs causes constant conflict and prevents the hotel from being a harmonious community that accepts differences. The analysis suggests Basil's views represent a nostalgia for a lost imperial Britain and conceptions of national identity that exclude many people.
This document discusses the history and challenges of multiculturalism in Britain. It describes how multiculturalism was initially seen as a positive way to recognize cultural diversity, but then faced criticism for promoting segregation between cultural groups. Some argue multiculturalism is now in crisis due to societies becoming too diverse, while others call for more integration and community cohesion. Overall, the document examines the complex debate around multiculturalism in Britain over time.
This document discusses ethnicity in Africa. It argues that ethnicity has long been viewed negatively in Africa as "tribalism" or a remnant of the past, but that this view is misguided. Ethnicity remains an important part of African identity and should be viewed positively. Seeing ethnicity as positive could help address conflicts, support development, and guide resource mobilization. Rather than blaming ethnicity for issues like violence or economic competition, the artificial borders imposed during colonization and dysfunctional post-colonial states are more valid sources of problems in Africa. The document advocates reexamining ethnicity in a positive light and drawing on ethnic history and community as a basis for development.
The RBG Quest for Black Power Reader a The RBG Quest for Black Power Reader: ...RBG Communiversity
This document provides an overview and introduction to essays on the history of Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism. It discusses how the compilation aims to encourage critical thinking about these topics through both written and oral traditions. The essays will examine Black Nationalist philosophies and ideologies from different time periods, covering influential figures like Marcus Garvey, Elijah Muhammad, and Malcolm X. They will also discuss the origins and key principles of Black Nationalism, including black unity, self-determination, and the importance of Africa to the movement.
TALKING ABOUT TRIBEMOVING FROMSTEREOTYPES TO ANALYSIS.docxssuserf9c51d
TALKING ABOUT "TRIBE":
MOVING FROM
STEREOTYPES TO ANALYSIS
highly developed trade networks
without recourse to elaborate states.
Tribe is also used for all sorts of
smaller units of such larger nations,
peoples or ethnic groups. The
followers of a particular local leader
may be called a tribe. Members of an
extended kin-group may be called a
tribe. People who live in a particular
area may be called a tribe. We find
tribes within tribes, and cutting across
other tribes. Offering no useful
distinctions, tribe obscures many. As a
description of a group, tribe means
...
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r-
~-Z
~
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III
o
C...
one, Hutu and Tutsi
lived interspersed in the
same territory. They
spoke the same language,
married each other, and
shared virtually all
aspects of culture. At no point
in history could the distinction
be defined by distinct
territories, one of the key
assumptions built into "tribe."
Tribe is used for groups
who trace dleir heritage to
great kingdoms. It is applied to
Nigeria's Igbo and other peoples who
organized orderly societies composed
of hundreds of local communities and
Benin, who share a
language but have an
eight-hundred year
history of multiple and
sometimes warring city-
states, and of religious
diversity even within the
same extended families.
Tribe is used for Hutu
and Tutsi in the central
African countries of
Rwanda and Burundi .
Yet the two societies
(and regions within
them) have different
histories. And in each
What's Wrong With "Tribe?"
~ Tribe has no coherent meaning.
What is a tribe? The Zulu in South
Africa, whose name and common
identity was forged by the creation of a
powerful state less than two centuries
ago, and who are a bigger group than
French Canadians, are called a tribe. So
are the !Kung hunter-gatherers of
Botswana and Namibia, who number
in the hundreds. The term is applied to
Kenya's Maasai herders and Kikuyu
farmers, and to members of these
groups in cities and towns when they
go dlere to live and work. Tribe is used
for millions of Yoruba in Nigeria and
"tribe" does not contribute to
understanding these identities or the
conflicts sometimes tied to them. There
are, moreover, many less loaded and
more helpful alternative words to use.
Depending on context, people, ethnic
group, nationality, commwlity, village,
chiefdom, or kin-group might be
appropriate. Whatever the term one
uses, it is essential to understand that
identities in Africa are as diverse,
ambiguous, complex, modern, and
changing as anywhere else in the world.
Most scholars already prefer other
terms to "tribe." So, among the media,
does dle British Broadcasting
Corporation. But "tribal" and
"Afi-ican" are still virtually synonyms in
most media, among policy-makers and
among Western publics. Clearing away
this stereotype, dlis paper argues, is an
essential step for beginning to
understand the diversity and richness
of African realities.
II
or most people in Western
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A Critical Appraisal of Kwame Nkrumah’s Pan Africanism and the Appropriation ...ijtsrd
This paper sets out to discuss the question of African identity from the position related to Nkrumah’s Pan Africanism. This work demonstrates that the question of African identity is challenged by the diversity of cultural heritages that incarnate the African continent and its peoples. It also shows that the invasions by foreign cultures impede the delimitation of an identity called African, and that the re education of the African is instrumental in reinventing an African identity capable of competing with other cultures in the global space . Tanyi, Pamela Nugha | Nde, Paul Ade "A Critical Appraisal of Kwame Nkrumah’s Pan Africanism and the Appropriation of African Identity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49130.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/49130/a-critical-appraisal-of-kwame-nkrumah’s-pan-africanism-and-the-appropriation-of-african-identity/tanyi-pamela-nugha
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3 Cultural Diversity And Culture Change Class#4tacit dynamite
The document discusses cultural diversity in Africa, noting that Africa is made up of many distinct ethnic groups and languages rather than being a single unified culture. It explores some of the complexities around concepts like ethnicity, tribes, and castes in countries like Rwanda and Burundi. Religion also plays a key role in African cultures and identities, with indigenous beliefs mixing with Islam and Christianity. The document argues that cultures are constantly evolving and being contested by different groups, and many "timeless" traditions are recent social constructions.
1. The use of such terms as “tribe,
tribal and tribalism” in global
media serves only to denigrate the
continent of Africa and all
Africans, regardless of where they
live.
5. Tribalism is a Social
Contruct
Tribes, tribalism, savages – these are but a few of the
Western stereotypical images of Africans and
Africa.
Such images appear widely in the Western world’s
output of film and print media. Historically,
through films and books, evidence of bigotry
toward Africans existed long before slaves came to
the “New World”.
Imperialists wish to impose their culture and
denigrate rural African culture in the process
6. Early Film Perpetuated
Tribal Labels
Among the first movements in film was the
travelogue, or safari film, of the 1920s.
In these films, the filmmakers portrayed people of
indigenous cultures as more primitive, bringing a
taste of the exotic to Western audiences.
Portraying indigenous cultures in this way also had
the effect of validating the belief system of Western
viewers, which unfortunately did not consider
Africans as peers, but rather primitive and
uncivilized.
7. Frederick Jackson Turner
During Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency (1901-
1909), the “back to nature” movement was in full
swing.
Frederick Jackson Turner, a historian during this
era, published a paper on the importance of the
American frontier in shaping the character of the
nation.
His frontier thesis put forth the notion that in order
to progress, a man must first regress.
8. King Kong
Is King Kong simply an action film, or does the
film carry racist undertones?
The film is replete with blatant metaphors of the
jungle savages of Africa.
Even when Kong becomes a sympathetic figure, he
is still an ape, in love with a White woman.
As disheartening as it may be, viewers at the time
likely considered Kong to be representative of a
crazed Black man.
9. Media Perpetuation
The writing and reporting during the Kenya conflict
consistently used the words “tribes” and “tribal”
with no thought of the images that were being
generated of Africa and Africans.
The crisis captured the attention of the Western
media and population alike.
The Western media has a responsibility to cover
these conflict without perpetuating social constructs
that depict Africans as patriarchal nepotistic people.
10. Why Tribal Stereotypes are
Damaging
Tribalism is associated with savagery.
This practice of labeling other cultures as tribal is an
elitist, vague and misrepresentative depiction.
The Maasia of Kenya live in rural villages.
The Maasia take great pride in their way of life.
To label them a tribe is shortsighted and
disrespectful, because Westerners define groups like
the Maasai.
11. Tribal Labels Place No Emphasis
on the Individual
The diversity that exists within a group like the
Maasai, while not a priority to them, is something
that Westerners are obligated to take into
consideration.
Living a communal life means so much more to the
Maasai than the it does to outside observers and
could never be summed up by one word.
Individuality in Africa is not appreciated by
Western Media. How many African individuals can
you name? Nelson Mandela… and, um…
12. Western Policy Regarding African
Conflicts is One Dimensional in Aproach
Whether dealing with Kenya, Rwanda,
Sudan or any other African nation that
experiences a conflict with ethnic
dimensions, the U.S. should ground its
policies in an implied understanding of
the particular context of each situation
rather than allowing the misleading and
simplistic “tribal conflict” interpretation
that so often enables policymakers to
abdicate responsibility.
13. African Self Image
Many Africans will refer to themselves as “tribes
people” when asked to speak about themselves in
English.
The language probably does little to change African
self-image; every person, regardless of origin, has a
sense of their own individuality.
Westerners are incapable of defining non-Western
life. Western sensibilities are not “correct”, per se.
The reason we label others is that it gives us the
opportunity to rank and categorize them.
14. Scholarly Attitudes Regarding the
Stereotyping of Cultures
Today top scholars who study African society from
within, and from afar--agree that the idea of tribe
promotes misleading stereotypes.
What a tribe is can not be clearly defined.
It carries misleading historical and cultural
assumptions.
It blocks an accurate view of African reality.
15. African Aid is Misappropriated Due
to Stereotyping
At best, any interpretation of African events that
relies on the idea of “tribe” contributes no
understanding of specific issues in specific
countries.
At worst, it perpetuates the idea that African
identities and conflicts are in some way more
"primitive" than those in other parts of the world.
Such misunderstanding lead to inappropriate,
blanket solutions to complex problems.
16. Label Africans as We Label
Westerners
People
Kenyan Nationals
Villagers
City Dwellers
Traditionalists
Non-Traditionalists
Individuals
17. Consequences and
Conclusions
Whatever the term one uses, it is essential to
understand that identities in Africa are as diverse,
ambiguous, complex, and modern.
Africa is the fastest developing continent in the
world.
Without a deeper understanding of the African
world view, the rest of the world will struggle to
assist Africans to regain what the world has
pillaged
18. Zulus, Hutus, Tutsi,
Maasai
Life as a Zulu and life as a Tutsi are completely
different existences.
Maasia and Hutu have little more in common than
the color of their skin.
The diversity that exists, even within these cultural
groups, and the distinctions that make them each
unique, are not often celebrated by Western media.
19. Final Thoughts
Western media has a responsibility to its audience.
When a blanket term, such as “tribal” is used to
define groups who are so obviously diverse, it
creates apathy among Westerners toward specific
and important issues.
Africa needs our help. In order to ensure that the
effect of Western aid is maximized, each situation
should be addressed specifically.
20. Continued
Terminology, for the innocent, can confuse and
muddle our understanding.
In some cases, terminology is used as a mechanism
to promote our elitist self-image by degrading
others.
Africans should consider no longer using words like
“tribal”. The image that Westerners have of Africa
is crucial to the continents revival.