Write a 4-6 page evidence-based patient-centered care report on .docxjohnbbruce72945
Write a 4-6 page evidence-based patient-centered care report on the patient scenario presented in the Evidence-Based Health Evaluation and Application media piece. Base your report on the information provided by the traumatic brain injury expert from the population health improvement initiative (PHII) described in the media activity and your own evidence-based research on this population health issue.
In this assessment, you will apply evidence-based practice in patient-centered care and population health improvement contexts. You will be challenged to think critically, evaluate what the evidence suggests is an appropriate approach for a personalized patient care plan, and determine which aspects of the approach could be applied to similar situations and patients.
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Apply evidence-based practice to plan patient-centered care.
Evaluate the outcomes of a population health improvement initiative.
Develop a personalized patient care plan that incorporates lessons learned from a population health improvement initiative.
Competency 2: Apply evidence-based practice to design interventions to improve population health.
Propose a strategy for improving the outcomes of a population health improvement initiative, or for ensuring that all outcomes are being addressed, based on the best available evidence.
Competency 3: Evaluate outcomes of evidence-based interventions.
Propose an evaluation strategy for the outcomes of personalized patient care plan and determine what aspects of the approach could be applied to similar situations and patients.
Competency 4: Evaluate the value and relative weight of available evidence upon which to make a clinical decision.
Identify the level of evidence and describe the value and relevance it brings to personalized care for your patient.
Competency 5: Synthesize evidence-based practice and academic research to communicate effective solutions.
Write clearly and logically, with correct grammar and mechanics.
Integrate relevant and credible sources of evidence to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.
Scenario
The charge nurse in your clinic has contacted you to assume primary care for a patient and develop a plan for follow-up care. The plan should be personalized for him based on evidence-based research provided by a community expert as well as your own research on the condition. You will also be challenged to determine which aspects of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) approach could be applied to similar situations and patients.
Your Role
You are a nurse who has been requested to provide primary patient care, including a follow-up care plan. You will revisit the interview with the community TBI expert and prepare a personalized health pl.
The PHII studied outcomes for older patients with TBI and/or PTSD. Exercise showed the strongest improvement in mood, memory and muscle control. Medication and therapy also improved outcomes. A small meditation group saw dramatic improvements. Not all interventions worked - memory exercises and strength training showed limited benefits. The PHII provides lessons that can help develop a personalized care plan for a patient with a history of moderate TBI.
The document provides information about a traumatic brain injury (TBI) care report assignment. It describes evaluating the outcomes of a population health improvement initiative (PHII) on TBI, developing a personalized patient care plan incorporating lessons from the PHII, and proposing an evaluation strategy for the care plan. It includes a scenario about a patient with balance issues possibly related to a past head injury. An expert from a nonprofit working to improve TBI outcomes is available to discuss interventions studied in the PHII.
Understanding Psychosis and Schizophrenia Royal EdinburghJames Coyne
Offers evidence that group of UK clinical psychologists offer misinformation to persons seeking information about services for serious mental problems.
Background: Behavioral health conditions are prevalent among patients in inpatient medical settings and when not adequately treated contribute to diminished treatment outcomes and quality of life. Substantial evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of psychological interventions in addressing behavioral health conditions in a range of settings but, to a lesser extent with psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to increase attention on psychological interventions being delivered to patients across a broad spectrum of medical specialties in inpatient medical settings to support the implementation of interventions to address increasing patient needs. Methods: This selected, brief review of the literature sought to describe published psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. A search for studies catalogued on PubMed from 2007 to 2016 was examined and studies were included in the review if they were delivered within inpatient medical settings. Two reviewers independently assessed relevant studies for criteria. Results: A total of ten articles met the inclusion criteria with interventions targeting outcomes across four primary domains: 1) pain and fatigue; 2) cognition; 3) affective/emotional and; 4) self-harm. Several articles support interventions grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and brief psychological interventions. Most studies reported favorable outcomes for the interventions relative to controls. Conclusions: Psychologically-based interventions, especially those that integrate components of cognitive-behavioral therapy and a multidisciplinary approach, can be implemented in inpatient medical settings and may promote improved patient outcomes. However, the quality of this evidence requires formal assessment, requiring more comprehensive reviews are needed to replicate findings and clarify effectiveness of interventions.
This document provides a critical review of psychotherapy efficacy research. It discusses various types of psychotherapy and important terms in research methodology. While efficacy research aims to establish causal relationships through controlled trials, its results often lack external validity and generalizability. Comparative studies generally find no significant differences between major psychotherapy approaches. The document concludes that common factors like the therapeutic alliance, rather than specific techniques, are crucial for effective therapy. More research is still needed to determine the most effective treatments for specific disorders.
Write a 4-6 page evidence-based patient-centered care report on .docxjohnbbruce72945
Write a 4-6 page evidence-based patient-centered care report on the patient scenario presented in the Evidence-Based Health Evaluation and Application media piece. Base your report on the information provided by the traumatic brain injury expert from the population health improvement initiative (PHII) described in the media activity and your own evidence-based research on this population health issue.
In this assessment, you will apply evidence-based practice in patient-centered care and population health improvement contexts. You will be challenged to think critically, evaluate what the evidence suggests is an appropriate approach for a personalized patient care plan, and determine which aspects of the approach could be applied to similar situations and patients.
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Apply evidence-based practice to plan patient-centered care.
Evaluate the outcomes of a population health improvement initiative.
Develop a personalized patient care plan that incorporates lessons learned from a population health improvement initiative.
Competency 2: Apply evidence-based practice to design interventions to improve population health.
Propose a strategy for improving the outcomes of a population health improvement initiative, or for ensuring that all outcomes are being addressed, based on the best available evidence.
Competency 3: Evaluate outcomes of evidence-based interventions.
Propose an evaluation strategy for the outcomes of personalized patient care plan and determine what aspects of the approach could be applied to similar situations and patients.
Competency 4: Evaluate the value and relative weight of available evidence upon which to make a clinical decision.
Identify the level of evidence and describe the value and relevance it brings to personalized care for your patient.
Competency 5: Synthesize evidence-based practice and academic research to communicate effective solutions.
Write clearly and logically, with correct grammar and mechanics.
Integrate relevant and credible sources of evidence to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.
Scenario
The charge nurse in your clinic has contacted you to assume primary care for a patient and develop a plan for follow-up care. The plan should be personalized for him based on evidence-based research provided by a community expert as well as your own research on the condition. You will also be challenged to determine which aspects of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) approach could be applied to similar situations and patients.
Your Role
You are a nurse who has been requested to provide primary patient care, including a follow-up care plan. You will revisit the interview with the community TBI expert and prepare a personalized health pl.
The PHII studied outcomes for older patients with TBI and/or PTSD. Exercise showed the strongest improvement in mood, memory and muscle control. Medication and therapy also improved outcomes. A small meditation group saw dramatic improvements. Not all interventions worked - memory exercises and strength training showed limited benefits. The PHII provides lessons that can help develop a personalized care plan for a patient with a history of moderate TBI.
The document provides information about a traumatic brain injury (TBI) care report assignment. It describes evaluating the outcomes of a population health improvement initiative (PHII) on TBI, developing a personalized patient care plan incorporating lessons from the PHII, and proposing an evaluation strategy for the care plan. It includes a scenario about a patient with balance issues possibly related to a past head injury. An expert from a nonprofit working to improve TBI outcomes is available to discuss interventions studied in the PHII.
Understanding Psychosis and Schizophrenia Royal EdinburghJames Coyne
Offers evidence that group of UK clinical psychologists offer misinformation to persons seeking information about services for serious mental problems.
Background: Behavioral health conditions are prevalent among patients in inpatient medical settings and when not adequately treated contribute to diminished treatment outcomes and quality of life. Substantial evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of psychological interventions in addressing behavioral health conditions in a range of settings but, to a lesser extent with psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to increase attention on psychological interventions being delivered to patients across a broad spectrum of medical specialties in inpatient medical settings to support the implementation of interventions to address increasing patient needs. Methods: This selected, brief review of the literature sought to describe published psychologically-based interventions delivered in inpatient medical settings. A search for studies catalogued on PubMed from 2007 to 2016 was examined and studies were included in the review if they were delivered within inpatient medical settings. Two reviewers independently assessed relevant studies for criteria. Results: A total of ten articles met the inclusion criteria with interventions targeting outcomes across four primary domains: 1) pain and fatigue; 2) cognition; 3) affective/emotional and; 4) self-harm. Several articles support interventions grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and brief psychological interventions. Most studies reported favorable outcomes for the interventions relative to controls. Conclusions: Psychologically-based interventions, especially those that integrate components of cognitive-behavioral therapy and a multidisciplinary approach, can be implemented in inpatient medical settings and may promote improved patient outcomes. However, the quality of this evidence requires formal assessment, requiring more comprehensive reviews are needed to replicate findings and clarify effectiveness of interventions.
This document provides a critical review of psychotherapy efficacy research. It discusses various types of psychotherapy and important terms in research methodology. While efficacy research aims to establish causal relationships through controlled trials, its results often lack external validity and generalizability. Comparative studies generally find no significant differences between major psychotherapy approaches. The document concludes that common factors like the therapeutic alliance, rather than specific techniques, are crucial for effective therapy. More research is still needed to determine the most effective treatments for specific disorders.
A synopsis of the book "Collaborative Therapeutic Neuropsychological Assessment". See website http://www.amazon.com/Collaborative-Therapeutic-Neuropsychological-Assessment-Gorske/dp/0387754253
The document summarizes a study that examined the effectiveness of incorporating cognitive-behavioral techniques within a short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy model. The study measured clients' perceptions of the early therapeutic alliance when therapists used either psychodynamic-interpersonal or cognitive-behavioral techniques. Results showed that greater use of cognitive-behavioral techniques, like providing information about the client's diagnosis, led to higher client ratings of collaboration and agreement on treatment goals. However, overall client satisfaction with the alliance did not differ based on treatment approach. The study had some limitations but offers insights into how combining therapeutic techniques may strengthen the therapeutic alliance.
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) leads to significant improvements in functioning and quality of life for chronic pain conditions like low back pain. Several studies show CBT is as effective or more effective than other therapies or medications for issues like reducing catastrophizing thoughts, pain levels, and disability. While evidence is limited, online CBT and web-based interventions show promise in improving outcomes for chronic low back pain. Overall, CBT aims to help patients better manage their pain by changing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.
This document summarizes research on strategies for integrating mental health care into primary care practices. It finds that screening patients for mental health issues alone is not effective and does not change outcomes. The most effective strategy found is collaborative care, which involves primary care providers, case managers with mental health backgrounds, and supervision from mental health professionals. However, more research is still needed to identify best practices and overcome financial barriers to fully integrating services.
1PAGE 21. What is the question the authors are asking .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
PAGE
2
1. What is the question the authors are asking?
They asked about a reduction in judgmental biases regarding the cost and probability associated with adverse social events as they are presumed as being mechanisms for the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Also, the authors poised on the changes in judgmental biases as mechanisms to explain cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. On top of that, they stated that methodological limitations extant studies highlight the possibility that rather than causing symptom relief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases tends to be consequences of it or correlate. Considerably, they expected cost bias at mid-treatment to be a predictor of the treatment outcome.
2. Why do the authors believe this question is important?
According to the authors, this question was relevant as methodological limitations of present studies reflect on the possibility that instead of causing symptom belief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases can be consequences or correlated to it. Additionally, they ought to ascertain the judgment bias between treated and non-treated participants. Significantly, this was important as they had to determine the impact of pre and post changes in cost and probability of the treatment outcomes. But, probability bias at mid-treatment was a predictor of the treatment outcome contrary to the cost bias at mid-treatment that could not be identified as a significant predictor of the treatment outcome.
3. How do they try to answer this question?
They conducted a study to evaluate the significant changes in judgmental bias as aspects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorders. To do this, they conducted a study using information from two treatment studies; an uncontrolled trial observing amygdala activity as a response to VRE (Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy) with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging and a randomized control trial that compared Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy with Exposure Group Therapy for SAD. A total of 86 individuals who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for the diagnosis of non-generalized (n=46) and generalized (n=40) SAD participated. After completing eight weeks of the treatment protocol, the participants who identified public speaking as their most fearsome social situation were included. The SCID (Structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV) was used to ascertain diagnostic and eligibility status on Axis 1 conditions within substance abuse, mood and anxiety disorder modules. The social anxiety measures were measured with the use of BFNE (Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation), a self-reporting questioner that examined the degree to which persons fear to be assessed by other across different social settings. Additionally, the OPQ (Outcome Probability Questionnaire) self-reporting questionnaire was used to evaluate individual’s estimate on the probability that adverse, threatening events will occur at t ...
Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...Michael Changaris
This slide show explores how to review literature and develop an understanding of the quality of the clinical evidence for a treatment modality. Reviews the development of a guideline based on evidence based GRADE process.
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN NURSING.docxHaraLakambini
-Evidence-based Practice in Nursing
-Steps of Evidence-Based Practice
-Hierarchy of Evidence | Quantitative Questions
-Elements of Evidence-Based Practice
-Nursing Research
-Types of Research
-Rights of Human Subject
-Comparison of Nursing Process with Research Process Table
-Performance Improvement in Nursing
-Examples of Performance Improvement Models
-Relationship between Evidence-Based Practice, Research, and Performance Improvement
-Similarities and Differences among Evidence-Based Practice, Research, and Performance Improvement
Impact of Patient-Centered Narrative Interviews on Primary Care ProvidersMichael Terry
This document describes a project that tested the impact of patient-centered narrative interviewing on primary care clinicians' perceptions. Consultants were trained to conduct narrative interviews with difficult patients and present findings to their primary care providers. Most providers reported that the information changed their understanding of the patient's condition and treatment options. It also reduced frustration for nearly half of providers. The project provides lessons on improving patient-centered care through better understanding patients' perspectives.
1
Methods and Statistical Analysis
Name xxx
United State University
Course xxx
Professor xxxx
Date xxx
The Evaluative Criteria
The process of analyzing a healthcare plan to see if it meets its goals takes some time. Because it promotes an evidence-based approach, assessment is crucial in practice consignment. Evaluation can be used to assess the effectiveness of the research. It helps determine what changes could be recommended to improve service delivery and the study's persuasiveness. An impact evaluation analyzes the intervention's direct and indirect, positive and negative, planned and unplanned consequences. If an evaluation fails to deliver fresh recognition regularly, it may result in inaccurate results and conclusions. A healthcare practitioner can utilize the indicators or variables to evaluate programs and determine whether they are legal or not (Dash et al., 2019). The variables are also used to assess if the mediation is on track to meet its objectives and obligations. Participation rates, prevalence, and individual behaviors are among the measures to be addressed.
Individual behaviors are actions taken by individuals to improve their health. People have been denied the assistance and resources they seek because of ethics and plans. In addition, different people have varied perspectives about pressure ulcers treatment. Relevance refers to how the study may contribute to a worthwhile cause (Li et al., 2019). Quality variables give statistics on the precariously rising service consignment while also attempting to provide information on the part of the care that may be changed. The participation rate refers to the total number of people participating in the study.
On the other hand, individuals may be unable to engage in the study due to a lack of cultural knowledge and ineffective consent processes. The overall number of persons in a population who have a health disease at a given time is referred to as prevalence (Li et al., 2019). Although prevalence shows the rate at which new facts arrive, it aids in determining the suitable, complete outcome-positive prestige of people.
Research Approaches
The word "research approaches" refers to techniques and procedures to draw general conclusions concerning data collection, analysis, and explanation methods. In my research, I'll employ both quantitative and qualitative methods. A qualitative research technique will reveal deterrents and hindrances to practicing change by rationalizing the reasons behind specific demeanors (Li et al., 2019). Qualitative research will collect and evaluate non-numerical data to comprehend perspectives or opinions. It will also be utilized to learn everything there is to know about a subject or to develop new research ideologies.
The quantitative method focuses on goal data and statistical or numerical analysis of data collected through a questionnaire. In the healthcare field, quantitative research may develop and execute new or enhanced work meas ...
The document summarizes a review of literature on evaluating the psychosocial dimension in family medicine. The review identified 68 relevant articles from an initial pool of 743. These articles measured quality indicators like health outcomes, quality of life, and patient-centered care. The review found little evidence about the quality of psychosocial approaches in family medicine. It concluded that further studies are needed to better define psychosocial approaches and develop quality indicators to evaluate them.
evidence based practice that hlps in you reasarch and ease you in reaseach practice. in this presentation many things are given which you learn n your research article.
This document summarizes a meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for symptoms of schizophrenia. The meta-analysis included 34 studies examining overall symptoms, 33 examining positive symptoms, and 34 examining negative symptoms. It found small effect sizes favoring CBT across symptoms. However, effect sizes were larger in studies that masked outcome assessments, indicating masking reduced bias. The analysis also examined potential biases from randomization, incomplete data, and type of control group, but found little effect of these factors on results. While meta-analyses have found CBT effective for schizophrenia, biases like lack of masking in some studies may inflate apparent benefits.
EBPStudent’s NameInstitution AffiliationEvidence based pra.docxbudabrooks46239
EBP
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Evidence based practice (EBP)
Clinical Issue
There are multiple of the mental illness which are common such Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Bipolar, Dementia, Schizophrenia and list continues.
There are various models of the treatment such Cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy and medication such as use of antidepressants.
Globally, mental illnesses account for 33% of the disability that adult get due to health problems.
Therefore, narrowing down to Generalized anxiety disorder, my concern is to establish effectiveness of the psychotherapy method of treatment used and specifically cognitive behavioral therapy.
Mental disorder has been global problem that which affects over 900 million people in the world.
Global burden cuts across high income countries to low income countries.
Correct method of treatment of mental illness is important and can be helpful to persons.
Treatment of the mental disorders is put into two categories which are; psychotherapy- behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, Psychodynamic therapy, Group therapy and Family therapy.
Second category is medication-Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Mood stabilisers and Sleeping pills and minor tranquillisers.
Choice of the method of treatment is determined by its effictiveness.
2
Development of PICOT
Picot is method of developing of clinical question which was introduced in 1995 (Davies, 2011).
In was developed to help in carrying out the research where relevant information ought to be collected depending on the components of the clinical question that was formulated.
In view of this, PICOT has been basis of formulation of the clinical questions that guides in coming up with evidence based practice which is used in making in making clinical decisions.
Clinicians deal with human life and it is critically important they make decision on the medication that they should give based on the level of the evidence that is available which influence delivery of quality healthcare.
In conducting the research in clinical setting, clinical questions must be formulated.
To ensure that relevant data is corrected, clinical questions is collected using the format of the question known as PICOT.
PICOT has been used since 1995 and has confirmed as an effective way to formulate clinical questions that help to collect data that is analyzed, tested and later inform desion making for better delivery of the quality care.
3
Cont.…
Considering the clinical issue discussed in the second slide, Picot clinical question will be, for generalized anxiety disorder patient, how does cognitive behavioral therapy against antidepressants affects anxiety level within first 8 weeks?
In breaking down the picot question to individual components, P ( patient population): generalized anxiety disorder patient.
I(intervention): cognitive behavioral therapy.
C(comparison): antidepressants
O (Outcome): affects anxiety level
T (time): first.
This document outlines a plan for developing a needs assessment related to clinical pathways for ED admissions for intractable pain and social admissions. It includes reviewing strategies to overcome organizational barriers, identifying legal and ethical considerations, finalizing a theoretical needs assessment plan, and beginning an annotated bibliography with 6 sources related to the needs assessment topic.
1) This document reviews literature on evaluating the psychosocial dimension in family medicine.
2) Of the 743 initial articles identified, 68 met inclusion criteria after detailed review, with 36 being finally selected.
3) The review found little evidence about the quality of psychosocial approaches in family medicine, due both to poor definitions and a lack of appropriate quality indicators. Further research is needed.
Running Head MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROMEMunchausen SyndromeKr.docxglendar3
This document summarizes a research article about the role of relationships and families in healing from trauma. The article discusses how most trauma treatment focuses on the individual, but trauma is also a relational event that affects close relationships. It argues that systemic protocols addressing interpersonal difficulties in addition to intrapersonal issues are critical for healing. To illustrate, a graphic case study is presented of a family experiencing trauma due to a kidnapping, and how individual versus systemic treatment approaches would differ in addressing their needs.
Running Head MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROMEMunchausen SyndromeKr.docxtodd581
Running Head: MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME
Munchausen Syndrome
Krystina Joseph
Columbia College
Munchausen Syndrome Article Review
Introduction
The Munchausen Syndrome Article explains about the Munchausen Syndrome, which is a rare fictitious disorder which involves the frequent hospitalization together with an intentional display of signs of sickness and pathological lying. In this regards, the management needs the security history taking with collaboration with the sound clinical processes which entails organicity exclusion in addressing the psychological problems. It is worth noting that a case which is presented having unusual symptoms of same dimensions are as well discussed. The case in this regards brings the finer nuances in the assessment of the entity (Prakash., et al 2014).
Research Question
Based on the abstract of the article, it can be denoted that the research question of the article is the need to understand more on the Munchausen Syndrome as well as the symptoms and therefore the need to ensure that such issues are solved by having a sound clinical process to handle the problem. The problem for the case as well was to find out what caused the 19-year-old housewife to vomit pink substance.
Findings
The findings depict that the 19-year-old housewife was suffering from a factitious disorder, also termed as the Munchausen syndrome. The psychometry performed also showed that there is an elevation of scales of anxiety together with hysteria. Consequently, being managed in an empathetic as well as non-confrontational manner, the psychotherapy was intended to improve the positive coping abilities while at the same time improving the interpersonal relationships which had been imparted (Prakash., et al 2014).
Research Methods Used
The methods used involved observations and clinical assessments. Observations were done by checking regularly the presence of the bloodstained vomits as well as the asthenia and any forms of skin allergy. This was carried out to ensure that the patient had no issues. The observations, as well as little conversation, showed that there were no cases of psychiatric illnesses for the patient in the past. Further, the assessment entails involves the systematic examinations which were performed within the normal limit. The psychiatric evaluation was performed together with ward observations which were intended at revealing the comfortability of the patient while in the hospital (Prakash., et al 2014).
The credibility of the Source of Information
To know the credibility of sources, the authors are scrutinized where their qualifications and their areas of experience assessed to understand whether the information provided is related to the topic at hand. For this article, it can be denoted that all the information provided is credible. This is because all the four authors who contributed to the article have sufficient skills and knowledge pertaining to health-related disorders, and thus, their pieces of information.
Amanda WattenburgThursdayJul 26 at 724pmManage Discussioncheryllwashburn
Amanda Wattenburg
ThursdayJul 26 at 7:24pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Link to screen cast-o-matic:
https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cFitVbFMms (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Script:
A brief introduction
Studying cognitive functioning is important as these processes impact individual’s behavior and emotions (Heeramun-Aubeeluck et al., 2015). Various factors can impact cognitive functioning. A disorder known to impact cognition is psychosis. Thus, it is essential to examine psychosis and how these psychotic experiences effect cognitive functioning over time.
Devise a specific research question related to the topic you chose in Week One.
How does psychosis effect cognitive functioning over time in patients who have experienced first-episode psychosis?
Explain the importance of the topic and research question.
Psychosis is a mental state in which individuals experience a loss of touch with reality(Boychuk, Lysaght, & Stuart, 2018). Psychosis may lead to additional occurrences or may indicate signs of a mental health disorder. It is important to examine the cognitive impairment that is caused as a result of psychotic episodes. In addition, this would unfold information that may lead to the importance of treating psychosis when the first signs are noticed in hopes of decreasing the chances of psychosis leading to a mental disorder.
A brief literature review
Zaytseva, Korsokava, Agius, & Gurovich (2013) and Bora & Murray (2014) discovered altered cognitive functioning exists prior to onset or before the prodrome stage. In addition, Bohus & Miclutia (2014) indicate that cognitive functioning at first-episode psychosis was not as strong. Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive functioning impairment occurs prior to first-episode onset however, there is varying research that indicates the impact on cognitive functioning as time goes on. Popolo, Vinci, & Balbi (2010) conducted a year-long study on neurocognitive functioning amongst children and adolescent patients with first-episode psychosis. Cognitive impairment is indicated in early psychosis onset thus the study focused on examining cognitive impairments. Several cognitive assessments were given to patients and the results were evaluated. The results of the cognitive assessments indicated that adolescents with first-episode psychosis (FEP) have neurocognitive impairments. In addition, psychotic patient’s cognitive deficiencies do not decline over the course of the psychotic disorder. However, according to the article
Neurocognitive functioning before and after the first psychotic episode: does psychosis result in cognitive deterioration? (2010)
, the results indicated that there is no decline in cognitive functioning during the first psychotic episode. This indicates a gap in research of the effect psychotic episodes has on cognitive functioning.
Evaluate published research studies on your topic found during your work on the Weeks One, Two, and ...
Option #2Researching a Leader Complete preliminary rese.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2:
Researching a Leader
Complete preliminary research on the Internet and/or using online library databases. Compose a 1 PAGE summary of sources and an overview of each source.
Post any questions or comments about the content or requirements of the Portfolio Project to the questions thread in the Discussion Forum.
.
Option 1 ImperialismThe exploitation of colonial resources.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: Imperialism
The exploitation of colonial resources and indigenous labor was one of the key elements in the success of imperialism. Such exploitation was a result of the prevalent ethnocentrism of the time and was justified by the unscientific concept of social Darwinism, which praised the characteristics of white Europeans and inaccurately ascribed negative characteristics to indigenous peoples. A famous poem of the time by Rudyard Kipling, "White Man's Burden," called on imperial powers, and particularly the U.S., at whom the poem was directed, to take up the mission of civilizing these "savage" peoples.
Read the poem at the following link:
Link (website):
White Man's Burden (Links to an external site.)
(Rudyard Kipling)
After reading the poem, address the following in a case study analysis:
Select a specific part of the world (a country), and examine imperialism in that country. What was the relationship between the invading country and the native people? You can select from these examples or choose your own:
Belgium & Africa
Britain & India
Germany & Africa
France & Africa
Apply social Darwinism to this specific case.
Analyze the motivations of the invading country?
How did ethnocentrism manifest in their interactions?
How does Kipling's poem apply to your specific example? You can quote lines for comparison.
.
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Similar to COLLEGE OF NURSINGEVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE ARTICLE REVIEW SUMMA.docx
A synopsis of the book "Collaborative Therapeutic Neuropsychological Assessment". See website http://www.amazon.com/Collaborative-Therapeutic-Neuropsychological-Assessment-Gorske/dp/0387754253
The document summarizes a study that examined the effectiveness of incorporating cognitive-behavioral techniques within a short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy model. The study measured clients' perceptions of the early therapeutic alliance when therapists used either psychodynamic-interpersonal or cognitive-behavioral techniques. Results showed that greater use of cognitive-behavioral techniques, like providing information about the client's diagnosis, led to higher client ratings of collaboration and agreement on treatment goals. However, overall client satisfaction with the alliance did not differ based on treatment approach. The study had some limitations but offers insights into how combining therapeutic techniques may strengthen the therapeutic alliance.
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) leads to significant improvements in functioning and quality of life for chronic pain conditions like low back pain. Several studies show CBT is as effective or more effective than other therapies or medications for issues like reducing catastrophizing thoughts, pain levels, and disability. While evidence is limited, online CBT and web-based interventions show promise in improving outcomes for chronic low back pain. Overall, CBT aims to help patients better manage their pain by changing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.
This document summarizes research on strategies for integrating mental health care into primary care practices. It finds that screening patients for mental health issues alone is not effective and does not change outcomes. The most effective strategy found is collaborative care, which involves primary care providers, case managers with mental health backgrounds, and supervision from mental health professionals. However, more research is still needed to identify best practices and overcome financial barriers to fully integrating services.
1PAGE 21. What is the question the authors are asking .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
PAGE
2
1. What is the question the authors are asking?
They asked about a reduction in judgmental biases regarding the cost and probability associated with adverse social events as they are presumed as being mechanisms for the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Also, the authors poised on the changes in judgmental biases as mechanisms to explain cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. On top of that, they stated that methodological limitations extant studies highlight the possibility that rather than causing symptom relief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases tends to be consequences of it or correlate. Considerably, they expected cost bias at mid-treatment to be a predictor of the treatment outcome.
2. Why do the authors believe this question is important?
According to the authors, this question was relevant as methodological limitations of present studies reflect on the possibility that instead of causing symptom belief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases can be consequences or correlated to it. Additionally, they ought to ascertain the judgment bias between treated and non-treated participants. Significantly, this was important as they had to determine the impact of pre and post changes in cost and probability of the treatment outcomes. But, probability bias at mid-treatment was a predictor of the treatment outcome contrary to the cost bias at mid-treatment that could not be identified as a significant predictor of the treatment outcome.
3. How do they try to answer this question?
They conducted a study to evaluate the significant changes in judgmental bias as aspects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorders. To do this, they conducted a study using information from two treatment studies; an uncontrolled trial observing amygdala activity as a response to VRE (Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy) with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging and a randomized control trial that compared Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy with Exposure Group Therapy for SAD. A total of 86 individuals who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for the diagnosis of non-generalized (n=46) and generalized (n=40) SAD participated. After completing eight weeks of the treatment protocol, the participants who identified public speaking as their most fearsome social situation were included. The SCID (Structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV) was used to ascertain diagnostic and eligibility status on Axis 1 conditions within substance abuse, mood and anxiety disorder modules. The social anxiety measures were measured with the use of BFNE (Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation), a self-reporting questioner that examined the degree to which persons fear to be assessed by other across different social settings. Additionally, the OPQ (Outcome Probability Questionnaire) self-reporting questionnaire was used to evaluate individual’s estimate on the probability that adverse, threatening events will occur at t ...
Evidenced Based Practice (EVP): GRADE Approach to Evidenced Based Guideline D...Michael Changaris
This slide show explores how to review literature and develop an understanding of the quality of the clinical evidence for a treatment modality. Reviews the development of a guideline based on evidence based GRADE process.
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN NURSING.docxHaraLakambini
-Evidence-based Practice in Nursing
-Steps of Evidence-Based Practice
-Hierarchy of Evidence | Quantitative Questions
-Elements of Evidence-Based Practice
-Nursing Research
-Types of Research
-Rights of Human Subject
-Comparison of Nursing Process with Research Process Table
-Performance Improvement in Nursing
-Examples of Performance Improvement Models
-Relationship between Evidence-Based Practice, Research, and Performance Improvement
-Similarities and Differences among Evidence-Based Practice, Research, and Performance Improvement
Impact of Patient-Centered Narrative Interviews on Primary Care ProvidersMichael Terry
This document describes a project that tested the impact of patient-centered narrative interviewing on primary care clinicians' perceptions. Consultants were trained to conduct narrative interviews with difficult patients and present findings to their primary care providers. Most providers reported that the information changed their understanding of the patient's condition and treatment options. It also reduced frustration for nearly half of providers. The project provides lessons on improving patient-centered care through better understanding patients' perspectives.
1
Methods and Statistical Analysis
Name xxx
United State University
Course xxx
Professor xxxx
Date xxx
The Evaluative Criteria
The process of analyzing a healthcare plan to see if it meets its goals takes some time. Because it promotes an evidence-based approach, assessment is crucial in practice consignment. Evaluation can be used to assess the effectiveness of the research. It helps determine what changes could be recommended to improve service delivery and the study's persuasiveness. An impact evaluation analyzes the intervention's direct and indirect, positive and negative, planned and unplanned consequences. If an evaluation fails to deliver fresh recognition regularly, it may result in inaccurate results and conclusions. A healthcare practitioner can utilize the indicators or variables to evaluate programs and determine whether they are legal or not (Dash et al., 2019). The variables are also used to assess if the mediation is on track to meet its objectives and obligations. Participation rates, prevalence, and individual behaviors are among the measures to be addressed.
Individual behaviors are actions taken by individuals to improve their health. People have been denied the assistance and resources they seek because of ethics and plans. In addition, different people have varied perspectives about pressure ulcers treatment. Relevance refers to how the study may contribute to a worthwhile cause (Li et al., 2019). Quality variables give statistics on the precariously rising service consignment while also attempting to provide information on the part of the care that may be changed. The participation rate refers to the total number of people participating in the study.
On the other hand, individuals may be unable to engage in the study due to a lack of cultural knowledge and ineffective consent processes. The overall number of persons in a population who have a health disease at a given time is referred to as prevalence (Li et al., 2019). Although prevalence shows the rate at which new facts arrive, it aids in determining the suitable, complete outcome-positive prestige of people.
Research Approaches
The word "research approaches" refers to techniques and procedures to draw general conclusions concerning data collection, analysis, and explanation methods. In my research, I'll employ both quantitative and qualitative methods. A qualitative research technique will reveal deterrents and hindrances to practicing change by rationalizing the reasons behind specific demeanors (Li et al., 2019). Qualitative research will collect and evaluate non-numerical data to comprehend perspectives or opinions. It will also be utilized to learn everything there is to know about a subject or to develop new research ideologies.
The quantitative method focuses on goal data and statistical or numerical analysis of data collected through a questionnaire. In the healthcare field, quantitative research may develop and execute new or enhanced work meas ...
The document summarizes a review of literature on evaluating the psychosocial dimension in family medicine. The review identified 68 relevant articles from an initial pool of 743. These articles measured quality indicators like health outcomes, quality of life, and patient-centered care. The review found little evidence about the quality of psychosocial approaches in family medicine. It concluded that further studies are needed to better define psychosocial approaches and develop quality indicators to evaluate them.
evidence based practice that hlps in you reasarch and ease you in reaseach practice. in this presentation many things are given which you learn n your research article.
This document summarizes a meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for symptoms of schizophrenia. The meta-analysis included 34 studies examining overall symptoms, 33 examining positive symptoms, and 34 examining negative symptoms. It found small effect sizes favoring CBT across symptoms. However, effect sizes were larger in studies that masked outcome assessments, indicating masking reduced bias. The analysis also examined potential biases from randomization, incomplete data, and type of control group, but found little effect of these factors on results. While meta-analyses have found CBT effective for schizophrenia, biases like lack of masking in some studies may inflate apparent benefits.
EBPStudent’s NameInstitution AffiliationEvidence based pra.docxbudabrooks46239
EBP
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Evidence based practice (EBP)
Clinical Issue
There are multiple of the mental illness which are common such Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Bipolar, Dementia, Schizophrenia and list continues.
There are various models of the treatment such Cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy and medication such as use of antidepressants.
Globally, mental illnesses account for 33% of the disability that adult get due to health problems.
Therefore, narrowing down to Generalized anxiety disorder, my concern is to establish effectiveness of the psychotherapy method of treatment used and specifically cognitive behavioral therapy.
Mental disorder has been global problem that which affects over 900 million people in the world.
Global burden cuts across high income countries to low income countries.
Correct method of treatment of mental illness is important and can be helpful to persons.
Treatment of the mental disorders is put into two categories which are; psychotherapy- behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, Psychodynamic therapy, Group therapy and Family therapy.
Second category is medication-Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Mood stabilisers and Sleeping pills and minor tranquillisers.
Choice of the method of treatment is determined by its effictiveness.
2
Development of PICOT
Picot is method of developing of clinical question which was introduced in 1995 (Davies, 2011).
In was developed to help in carrying out the research where relevant information ought to be collected depending on the components of the clinical question that was formulated.
In view of this, PICOT has been basis of formulation of the clinical questions that guides in coming up with evidence based practice which is used in making in making clinical decisions.
Clinicians deal with human life and it is critically important they make decision on the medication that they should give based on the level of the evidence that is available which influence delivery of quality healthcare.
In conducting the research in clinical setting, clinical questions must be formulated.
To ensure that relevant data is corrected, clinical questions is collected using the format of the question known as PICOT.
PICOT has been used since 1995 and has confirmed as an effective way to formulate clinical questions that help to collect data that is analyzed, tested and later inform desion making for better delivery of the quality care.
3
Cont.…
Considering the clinical issue discussed in the second slide, Picot clinical question will be, for generalized anxiety disorder patient, how does cognitive behavioral therapy against antidepressants affects anxiety level within first 8 weeks?
In breaking down the picot question to individual components, P ( patient population): generalized anxiety disorder patient.
I(intervention): cognitive behavioral therapy.
C(comparison): antidepressants
O (Outcome): affects anxiety level
T (time): first.
This document outlines a plan for developing a needs assessment related to clinical pathways for ED admissions for intractable pain and social admissions. It includes reviewing strategies to overcome organizational barriers, identifying legal and ethical considerations, finalizing a theoretical needs assessment plan, and beginning an annotated bibliography with 6 sources related to the needs assessment topic.
1) This document reviews literature on evaluating the psychosocial dimension in family medicine.
2) Of the 743 initial articles identified, 68 met inclusion criteria after detailed review, with 36 being finally selected.
3) The review found little evidence about the quality of psychosocial approaches in family medicine, due both to poor definitions and a lack of appropriate quality indicators. Further research is needed.
Running Head MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROMEMunchausen SyndromeKr.docxglendar3
This document summarizes a research article about the role of relationships and families in healing from trauma. The article discusses how most trauma treatment focuses on the individual, but trauma is also a relational event that affects close relationships. It argues that systemic protocols addressing interpersonal difficulties in addition to intrapersonal issues are critical for healing. To illustrate, a graphic case study is presented of a family experiencing trauma due to a kidnapping, and how individual versus systemic treatment approaches would differ in addressing their needs.
Running Head MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROMEMunchausen SyndromeKr.docxtodd581
Running Head: MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME
Munchausen Syndrome
Krystina Joseph
Columbia College
Munchausen Syndrome Article Review
Introduction
The Munchausen Syndrome Article explains about the Munchausen Syndrome, which is a rare fictitious disorder which involves the frequent hospitalization together with an intentional display of signs of sickness and pathological lying. In this regards, the management needs the security history taking with collaboration with the sound clinical processes which entails organicity exclusion in addressing the psychological problems. It is worth noting that a case which is presented having unusual symptoms of same dimensions are as well discussed. The case in this regards brings the finer nuances in the assessment of the entity (Prakash., et al 2014).
Research Question
Based on the abstract of the article, it can be denoted that the research question of the article is the need to understand more on the Munchausen Syndrome as well as the symptoms and therefore the need to ensure that such issues are solved by having a sound clinical process to handle the problem. The problem for the case as well was to find out what caused the 19-year-old housewife to vomit pink substance.
Findings
The findings depict that the 19-year-old housewife was suffering from a factitious disorder, also termed as the Munchausen syndrome. The psychometry performed also showed that there is an elevation of scales of anxiety together with hysteria. Consequently, being managed in an empathetic as well as non-confrontational manner, the psychotherapy was intended to improve the positive coping abilities while at the same time improving the interpersonal relationships which had been imparted (Prakash., et al 2014).
Research Methods Used
The methods used involved observations and clinical assessments. Observations were done by checking regularly the presence of the bloodstained vomits as well as the asthenia and any forms of skin allergy. This was carried out to ensure that the patient had no issues. The observations, as well as little conversation, showed that there were no cases of psychiatric illnesses for the patient in the past. Further, the assessment entails involves the systematic examinations which were performed within the normal limit. The psychiatric evaluation was performed together with ward observations which were intended at revealing the comfortability of the patient while in the hospital (Prakash., et al 2014).
The credibility of the Source of Information
To know the credibility of sources, the authors are scrutinized where their qualifications and their areas of experience assessed to understand whether the information provided is related to the topic at hand. For this article, it can be denoted that all the information provided is credible. This is because all the four authors who contributed to the article have sufficient skills and knowledge pertaining to health-related disorders, and thus, their pieces of information.
Amanda WattenburgThursdayJul 26 at 724pmManage Discussioncheryllwashburn
Amanda Wattenburg
ThursdayJul 26 at 7:24pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Link to screen cast-o-matic:
https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cFitVbFMms (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Script:
A brief introduction
Studying cognitive functioning is important as these processes impact individual’s behavior and emotions (Heeramun-Aubeeluck et al., 2015). Various factors can impact cognitive functioning. A disorder known to impact cognition is psychosis. Thus, it is essential to examine psychosis and how these psychotic experiences effect cognitive functioning over time.
Devise a specific research question related to the topic you chose in Week One.
How does psychosis effect cognitive functioning over time in patients who have experienced first-episode psychosis?
Explain the importance of the topic and research question.
Psychosis is a mental state in which individuals experience a loss of touch with reality(Boychuk, Lysaght, & Stuart, 2018). Psychosis may lead to additional occurrences or may indicate signs of a mental health disorder. It is important to examine the cognitive impairment that is caused as a result of psychotic episodes. In addition, this would unfold information that may lead to the importance of treating psychosis when the first signs are noticed in hopes of decreasing the chances of psychosis leading to a mental disorder.
A brief literature review
Zaytseva, Korsokava, Agius, & Gurovich (2013) and Bora & Murray (2014) discovered altered cognitive functioning exists prior to onset or before the prodrome stage. In addition, Bohus & Miclutia (2014) indicate that cognitive functioning at first-episode psychosis was not as strong. Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive functioning impairment occurs prior to first-episode onset however, there is varying research that indicates the impact on cognitive functioning as time goes on. Popolo, Vinci, & Balbi (2010) conducted a year-long study on neurocognitive functioning amongst children and adolescent patients with first-episode psychosis. Cognitive impairment is indicated in early psychosis onset thus the study focused on examining cognitive impairments. Several cognitive assessments were given to patients and the results were evaluated. The results of the cognitive assessments indicated that adolescents with first-episode psychosis (FEP) have neurocognitive impairments. In addition, psychotic patient’s cognitive deficiencies do not decline over the course of the psychotic disorder. However, according to the article
Neurocognitive functioning before and after the first psychotic episode: does psychosis result in cognitive deterioration? (2010)
, the results indicated that there is no decline in cognitive functioning during the first psychotic episode. This indicates a gap in research of the effect psychotic episodes has on cognitive functioning.
Evaluate published research studies on your topic found during your work on the Weeks One, Two, and ...
Similar to COLLEGE OF NURSINGEVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE ARTICLE REVIEW SUMMA.docx (20)
Option #2Researching a Leader Complete preliminary rese.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2:
Researching a Leader
Complete preliminary research on the Internet and/or using online library databases. Compose a 1 PAGE summary of sources and an overview of each source.
Post any questions or comments about the content or requirements of the Portfolio Project to the questions thread in the Discussion Forum.
.
Option 1 ImperialismThe exploitation of colonial resources.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: Imperialism
The exploitation of colonial resources and indigenous labor was one of the key elements in the success of imperialism. Such exploitation was a result of the prevalent ethnocentrism of the time and was justified by the unscientific concept of social Darwinism, which praised the characteristics of white Europeans and inaccurately ascribed negative characteristics to indigenous peoples. A famous poem of the time by Rudyard Kipling, "White Man's Burden," called on imperial powers, and particularly the U.S., at whom the poem was directed, to take up the mission of civilizing these "savage" peoples.
Read the poem at the following link:
Link (website):
White Man's Burden (Links to an external site.)
(Rudyard Kipling)
After reading the poem, address the following in a case study analysis:
Select a specific part of the world (a country), and examine imperialism in that country. What was the relationship between the invading country and the native people? You can select from these examples or choose your own:
Belgium & Africa
Britain & India
Germany & Africa
France & Africa
Apply social Darwinism to this specific case.
Analyze the motivations of the invading country?
How did ethnocentrism manifest in their interactions?
How does Kipling's poem apply to your specific example? You can quote lines for comparison.
.
Option Wireless LTD v. OpenPeak, Inc.Be sure to save an elec.docxmccormicknadine86
Option Wireless LTD v. OpenPeak, Inc.
Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answers before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, you should answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling, and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format.
Your response should be a minimum of four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the Length and Formatting instructions below for additional details.
In complete sentences respond to the following prompts:
Summarize the facts of the case;
Identify the parties and explain each party’s position;
Outline the case’s procedural history including any appeals;
What is the legal issue in question in this case?
How did the court rule on the legal issue of this case?
What facts did the court find to be most important in making its decision?
Respond to the following questions:
Are there any situations in which it might be a good idea to include additional or different terms in the “acceptance” without making the acceptance expressly conditional on assent to the additional or different terms?
Under what conditions can a contract be formed by the parties’ conduct? Why wasn’t the conduct of the parties here used as the basis for a contract?
Do you agree or disagree with the court’s decision? Provide an explanation for your reasoning either agree or disagree.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA CASE NO. 12-80165-CIV-MARRA
OPTION WIRELESS, LTD., an Irish limited liability company, Plaintiff, v. OPENPEAK, INC., a Delaware corporation, Defendant. ______________________________/
OPINION AND ORDER
THIS CAUSE is before the Court upon Plaintiff/Counter-Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss Defendant/Counter-Plaintiff’s Counterclaim (DE 6). Counter-Plaintiff OpenPeak Inc. filed its 1 Memorandum in Opposition (DE 8). Counter-Defendant Option Wireless, Ltd, replied. (DE 12). The Court has carefully considered the briefs ofthe parties and is otherwise fully advised in the premises. I. Introduction2 In July 2010, Counter-Plaintiff OpenPeak Inc. was producing a computer tablet product for AT&T. (DE 4 ¶ 5). Seeking embedded wireless data modules for the tablet, Counter-Plaintiff submitted a purchase order to Counter-Defendant Option Wireless, Ltd, for 12,300 units of the modules at the price of $848,700.00. (DE 4 ¶ 4). Section 9 of the purchase order, labeled “BUYER’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS,” provided that [a]ll purchase orders and sales are made only upon these terms and conditions and those on the front of this document. This document, and not any quotation, invoice, or other Seller document (which, if construed to be an offer is hereby rejected), will Option Wireless, Ltd. v. OpenPeak, Inc. Doc. 19 Dockets.Justia.com 2 be deemed an offer or an appropriate counter-offer and is a rejection of any other terms or conditions. Seller, byaccepting any orders or deliverin.
Option A Land SharkWhen is a shark just a shark Consider the.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Land Shark
When is a shark just a shark? Consider the movie
Jaws
. What could the shark symbolize in our culture, society, or collective human mythology other than a man-eating fish? Why? Support your answer.
Next, think about a theatrical staging of
Jaws
. Describe the artistic choices you would make to bring
Jaws
the movie to Broadway. What genre would you choose? Describe at least three other elements of production and how you would approach them in your staging of
Jaws
as a stage play or musical.
Create
a response to these concepts in one of the following formats:
350- to 700-word paper
Apply
appropriate APA formatting.
.
Option 3 Discuss your thoughts on drugs and deviance. Do you think .docxmccormicknadine86
Option 3: Discuss your thoughts on drugs and deviance. Do you think using drugs is deviant behavior? Why do you think alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs and their use is not considered deviant when they are addictive, physically harmful, and socially disruptive?
No quotes or references needed.
.
OPTION 2 Can we make the changes we need to make After the pandemi.docxmccormicknadine86
OPTION 2: Can we make the changes we need to make? After the pandemic, we are in a time of significant upheaval and transition. We are all more keenly aware that economic shifts and transformations can happen suddenly and dramatically. As the World shut itself down in March 2020, it makes us all aware that we can change behavior globally and as a matter of will. In the U.S., people began to quarantine themselves ahead of government action more often than as a result of government mandates. Write a cohesive 1-2 page single-spaced document that answers the following questions.
2a. Reflecting on the profound changes we have all seen in the past year, how does that change your views regarding what might be possible with regard to energy use, carbon reductions, or other major transformations that might be needed to impact the type of climate change Earth has been experiencing.
2b. Reflect on the type of transformations that would be involved to address global warming. Now that you have seen the recent major transformations, does this make you believe that global warming threats can prompt the type of major economic and industrial changes needed to reduce the impacts that have been anticipated with increasing climate changes?
2c. What are the "experts" saying about the possibility of these transformations in light of what they have seen during the pandemic? Are researchers more or less optimistic about our global ability to reduce green house gases and control climate change after seeing the impact of the pandemic? Be sure to include REFERENCES both at the end of the text and in the text, like (Author, year)
.
Option 1 You will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your p.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1: You will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your presentation and add voice over.
Option 2: If you are unable to add voice over to your PowerPoint, you will create a PowerPoint (or equivalent) of your presentation. Next, you will use
Screencast-o-
Matic
(or a similar program) to create a video recording of your screen and voice as your present the information. Third, you will upload the video presentation to
YouTube
so your instructor can view it. If you choose this option, you will submit your article as well as the PowerPoint (or equivalent) file and the link to the YouTube presentation to complete this assignment.
Guidelines:
The presentation must include both audio (your voice explaining the information) and visual (PowerPoint presentation including text and/or images). Videos should not be used within the presentation.
The presentation should include the following three aspects:
An overview of your specific topic and its importance and application in current society. Include historical information as appropriate to understand your topic.
Identification, discussion, and
critical evaluation
of the most frequently used assessment instruments related to your topic. Include the typical settings and purposes for which assessment instruments are used.
Discussion of the ethical, cultural, and societal issues concerning the use of psychological tests and assessment as related to your topic.
The presentation must be 15 minutes long (no more than 20).
The presentation must include information from at least 10 scholarly sources (if used, the course textbook does not count as one of these 10 sources).
APA style citations should be used within the presentation. A reference section (in APA style) should appear at the end of the presentation.
Resources:
.
Option A Description of Dance StylesSelect two styles of danc.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Description of Dance Styles
Select
two styles of dance, such as ballet, modern dance, or folk dance.
Describe
each style of dance, and
include
the following:
History and development of the style
Discussion of your understanding of the use of line, form, repetition, and rhythm in each piece
Description of what the movements of both styles communicate to you in terms of mood
Description of how artistic choice can affect the viewer in the selected style
Submit
your assignment in one of the following formats:
700- to 1,050-word paper
.
Option #2Provide several slides that explain the key section.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #2
Provide several slides that explain the key sections of your strategy you will use in the final Portfolio Project. Provide section headers and a brief description of each.
FINAL PROJECT GUIDE
In a 6- to 10-page paper, as the local Union President, design a managing union handbook for union relationship building and a process that favors union employees as well as identifying key components of the bargaining process that can easily be sold to your union members. Apply theory and design systems and policies throughout your work covering:
Contextual factors (historical and legislative) that have impacted and still impact the union environment;
policies that create a more sustainable union model;
management strategy for union collective bargaining that includes: innovative wage, benefit, and non-wage factors; and
employee engagement and involvement strategies that take into consideration the diverse and changing labor force.
.
Option 2 Slavery vs. Indentured ServitudeExplain how and wh.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 2: Slavery vs. Indentured Servitude
Explain how and why slavery developed in the American colonies.
Describe in what ways the practice of slavery was different between each colonial region in British North America.
Analyze the differences between slaves and indentured servants.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: 1-2 pages (not including title page or references page)
Use standard essay writing process by including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 1 scholarly source)
No abstract is required
In-text citations that correspond with your end references
.
Option 2 ArtSelect any 2 of works of art about the Holocaus.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 2: Art
Select any 2 of works of art about the Holocaust. You can select from the following list or conduct additional research on Holocaust art. Make sure to get approval from your instructor if you are selecting something not on the list. Click on the link to see the list:
Link: List of Artists/Artworks
Write an analysis of each artwork, including the following information:
Identify the title, artist, date completed, and medium used.
Explain the content of the artwork - what do the images show?
How does the artwork relate to the bigger picture of the Holocaust?
How effective is the artwork in relating the Holocaust to viewers?
LIST OF ARTISTS AND ARTWORK
Morris Kestelman:
Lama Sabachthani [Why Have You Forsaken Me?]
George Mayer-Marton:
Women with Boudlers
Bill Spira:
Prisoners Carrying Cement
Jan Hartman:
Death March (Czechowice-Bielsko, January 1945)
Edgar Ainsworth:
Belsen
Leslie Cole:
One of the Death Pits, Belsen. SS Guards Collecting Bodies
Doris Zinkeisen:
Human Laundry, Belsen: April 1945
Eric Taylor:
A Young Boy from Belsen Concentration Camp
Mary Kessell:
Notes from Belsen Camp
Edith Birkin:
The Death Cart - Lodz Ghetto
Shmuel Dresner:
Benjamin
Roman Halter:
Mother with Babies
Leo Breuer:
Path Between the Barracks, Gurs Camp
Leo (Lev) Haas:
Transport Arrival, Theresienstadt Ghetto
Jacob Lipschitz:
Beaten (My Brother Gedalyahu)
Norbert Troller:
Terezin
Anselm Kiefer:
Sternenfall
.
Option #1 Stanford University Prison Experiment Causality, C.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #1:
Stanford University Prison Experiment: Causality, Controlling Patterns, and Growth Mode
Revisit Philip Zimbardo's (1971) Stanford University Prison Experiment. Analyze the experiment in terms of causality, controlling patterns, and its growth mode.
What lessons can be learned from this experiment that can be generalized to business social systems, such as organizational design/organizational structures?
Your well-written paper should meet the following requirements:
· Be 5 pages in length.
· Be formatted according to APA
· Include at least five scholarly or peer-reviewed articles
· Include a title page, section headers, introduction, conclusion, and references page.
Reference:
Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: a Lesson in the Power of Situation
~~~~~~~~
BY THE 1970s, psychologists had done a series of studies establishing the social power of groups. They showed, for example, that groups of strangers could persuade people to believe statements that were obviously false. Psychologists had also found that research participants were often willing to obey authority figures even when doing so violated their personal beliefs. The Yale studies by Stanley Milgram in 1963 demonstrated that a majority of ordinary citizens would continually shock an innocent man, even up to near-lethal levels, if commanded to do so by someone acting as an authority. The "authority" figure in this case was merely a high-school biology teacher who wore a lab coat and acted in an official manner. The majority of people shocked their victims over and over again despite increasingly desperate pleas to stop.
In my own work, I wanted to explore the fictional notion from William Golding's Lord of the Flies about the power of anonymity to unleash violent behavior. In one experiment from 1969, female students who were made to feel anonymous and given permission for aggression became significantly more hostile than students with their identities intact. Those and a host of other social-psychological studies were showing that human nature was more pliable than previously imagined and more responsive to situational pressures than we cared to acknowledge. In sum, these studies challenged the sacrosanct view that inner determinants of behavior--personality traits, morality, and religious upbringing--directed good people down righteous paths.
Missing from the body of social-science research at the time was the direct confrontation of good versus evil, of good people pitted against the forces inherent in bad situations. It was evident from everyday life that smart people made dumb decisions when they were engaged in mindless groupthink, as in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion by the smart guys in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. It was also clear that smart people surrounding President Richard M. Nixon, like Henry A. Kissinger and Robert S. McNamara, escalated the Vietnam War when they knew, and later admitted, it was not winnable. They were .
Option A Gender CrimesCriminal acts occur against individu.docxmccormicknadine86
Option A: Gender Crimes
Criminal acts occur against individuals because of gender – some of these are labeled as hate crimes in the U.S. (consider cases of violence against transgendered and homosexual individuals) and others occur across cultures. Choose two other types of “gender crimes” and discuss what these acts reveal about deep-seated cultural values and beliefs. One possibility is to examine bride burning or dowry death in India.
Submit a paper (750-1250 words) that explores gender crimes. Provide at least three references cited within the text and listed in the references section.
.
opic 4 Discussion Question 1 May students express religious bel.docxmccormicknadine86
opic 4: Discussion Question 1
May students express religious beliefs in class discussion or assignments or engage in prayer in the classroom? What are some limitations? Support your position with examples from case law, the U.S. Constitution, or other readings.
Topic 4: Discussion Question 2
Do all student-led religious groups have an absolute right to meet at K-12 schools? If not, discuss one limitation under the Equal Access Act. May a teacher be a sponsor of the club? Can the teacher participate in its activities? Why or why not? Support your position with examples from case law, the U.S. Constitution, or other readings.
.
Option 1Choose a philosopher who interests you. Research that p.docxmccormicknadine86
Option 1:
Choose a philosopher who interests you. Research that philosopher, detailing how they developed their ideas and the importance of those ideas to the progress of philosophy and human understanding. Keep in mind that you should be focusing on their philosophy, not simply their biography, although some basic details of their life not related to philosophy may be needed, especially when it involves experiences that influenced their thinking.
Option 2:
Look at a specific Philosophical movement. Explain the ideas important to that movement (such as existentialism and positivism) and the influence they had. I am pretty flexible on what you can do with this one, so if you have an idea, don’t hesitate to ask!
Requirements
The typed body of your paper must be a minimum of 1500 words.
It should be typed, 12 point, double spaced. A minimum of three sources must be used,
.
Option #1The Stanford University Prison Experiment Structu.docxmccormicknadine86
Option #1:
The Stanford University Prison Experiment: Structure, Behavior, and Results
Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford University Prison Experiment could be described as a system whose systemic properties enabled the behaviors of the system's actors, leading to disturbing results.
Analyze the situation. What were the key elements of the system? How did the system operate? Why did the participants behave as they did? What lessons can be learned from this experiment about systems in relation to management?
Your well-written paper should meet the following requirements:
Be six pages in length.
Be formatted according to the APA
Include at least seven scholarly or peer-reviewed articles.
Include a title page, section headers, introduction, conclusion, and references page.
Reference:
Zimbardo, P. G. (2007).
Revisiting the Stanford prison experiment: A lesson in the power of situation (Links to an external site.)
.
Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(
30), B6.
BY THE 1970s, psychologists had done a series of studies establishing the social power of groups. They showed, for example, that groups of strangers could persuade people to believe statements that were obviously false. Psychologists had also found that research participants were often willing to obey authority figures even when doing so violated their personal beliefs. The Yale studies by Stanley Milgram in 1963 demonstrated that a majority of ordinary citizens would continually shock an innocent man, even up to near-lethal levels, if commanded to do so by someone acting as an authority. The "authority" figure in this case was merely a high-school biology teacher who wore a lab coat and acted in an official manner. The majority of people shocked their victims over and over again despite increasingly desperate pleas to stop.
In my own work, I wanted to explore the fictional notion from William Golding's Lord of the Flies about the power of anonymity to unleash violent behavior. In one experiment from 1969, female students who were made to feel anonymous and given permission for aggression became significantly more hostile than students with their identities intact. Those and a host of other social-psychological studies were showing that human nature was more pliable than previously imagined and more responsive to situational pressures than we cared to acknowledge. In sum, these studies challenged the sacrosanct view that inner determinants of behavior--personality traits, morality, and religious upbringing--directed good people down righteous paths.
Missing from the body of social-science research at the time was the direct confrontation of good versus evil, of good people pitted against the forces inherent in bad situations. It was evident from everyday life that smart people made dumb decisions when they were engaged in mindless groupthink, as in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion by the smart guys in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. It was also clear that smart people su.
Open the file (Undergrad Reqt_Individual In-Depth Case Study) for in.docxmccormicknadine86
Open the file (Undergrad Reqt_Individual In-Depth Case Study) for instruction which is
blue highlighted
and I already
highlighted yellow
for the section that you need to answer which is
SECTION 2.
I
uploaded 2 articles that you need to read to answer the questions
and Pay attention to (Individual In-Depth Case Study Rubric).
.
onsider whether you think means-tested programs, such as the Tem.docxmccormicknadine86
onsider whether you think means-tested programs, such as the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), create dependency among its recipients. Then, think about how the potential perception of dependency might contribute to the stigma surrounding welfare programs. Finally, reflect on the perceptions you might have regarding individuals who receive means-tested welfare and how that perception might affect your work with clients.
By Day 4
Post
an explanation of whether means-tested programs (TANF, SNAP, and SSI) create dependency. Then, explain how the potential perception of dependency might contribute to the stigma surrounding welfare programs. Finally, explain the perceptions you have regarding people who receive means-tested welfare and how that perception might affect your work with clients.
Support your post with specific references to the resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for
.
Operations security - PPT should cover below questions (chapter 1 to 6)
Compare & Contrast access control in relations to risk, threat and vulnerability.
Research and discuss how different auditing and monitoring techniques are used to identify & protect the system against network attacks.
Explain the relationship between access control and its impact on CIA (maintaining network confidentiality, integrity and availability).
Describe access control and its level of importance within operations security.
Argue the need for organizations to implement access controls in relations to maintaining confidentiality, integrity and availability (e.g., Is it a risky practice to store customer information for repeat visits?)
Describe the necessary components within an organization's access control metric.
Power Point Presentation
7 - 10 slides total (
does not include title or summary slide
)
Try using the 6×6 rule to keep your content concise and clean looking. The 6×6 rule means a maximum of six bullet points per slide and six words per bullet point
Keep the colors simple
Use charts where applicable
Use notes section of slide
Include transitions
Include use of graphics / animations
.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
COLLEGE OF NURSINGEVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE ARTICLE REVIEW SUMMA.docx
1. COLLEGE OF NURSING
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE ARTICLE REVIEW
SUMMARY
INSIGHT BASED PSYCHOTHERAPY
RUBRIC
Utilizing evidence-based research in your psychotherapy
implementation practice ensures that your patients receive the
most effective care possible. Practitioners must review the
research literature and identify insight based psychotherapeutic
modalities that have been tested empirically, showing strong
support for practice as compared to other methods. By providing
the information below, you will begin to
1. Brief introduction inclusive of:
a. Title of article
b. Population therapy is indicated for
c. Age therapy is appropriate for
2. Provide:
a. A 500 word summary of the article in your own words.
b. Include provider training/certification specified for the
psychotherapy
3. Rate and grade the article using an evidence-based
rating/grading model (provided)
4. Apply rating and grading to:
Describe appropriate Nurse Practitioner incorporation into
the practitioner’s psychotherapy practice
5. How has this article changed or supported your view of the
3. quality improvement
and financial data; clinical expertise, or personal experience)
QQUUAALLIITTYY of the Evidence
A High
Research consistent results with sufficient sample size,
adequate control, and definitive conclusions; consistent
recommendations based on extensive literature review that
includes thoughtful reference to scientific
evidence.
Summative
reviews
well-defined, reproducible search strategies; consistent results
with sufficient numbers of well defined
studies; criteria-based evaluation of overall scientific strength
and quality of included studies; definitive
conclusions.
Organizational well-defined methods using a rigorous approach;
consistent results with sufficient sample size; use of
reliable and valid measures
Expert Opinion expertise is clearly evident
B Good Research reasonably consistent results, sufficient
sample size, some control, with fairly definitive conclusions;
reasonably consistent recommendations based on fairly
comprehensive literature review that includes some
reference to scientific evidence
4. Summative
reviews
reasonably thorough and appropriate search; reasonably
consistent results with sufficient numbers of well
defined studies; evaluation of strengths and limitations of
included studies; fairly definitive conclusions.
Organizational Well-defined methods; reasonably consistent
results with sufficient numbers; use of reliable and valid
measures; reasonably consistent recommendations
Expert Opinion expertise appears to be credible.
C Low quality
or major
flaws
Research little evidence with inconsistent results, insufficient
sample size, conclusions cannot be drawn
Summative
reviews
undefined, poorly defined, or limited search strategies;
insufficient evidence with inconsistent results;
conclusions cannot be drawn
Organizational Undefined, or poorly defined methods;
insufficient sample size; inconsistent results; undefined, poorly
defined or measures that lack adequate reliability or validity
Expert Opinion expertise is not discernable or is dubious.
*A study rated an A would be of high quality, whereas, a study
rated a C would have major flaws that raise serious questions
about the
believability of the findings and should be automatically
5. eliminated from consideration.
Newhouse R, Dearholt S, Poe S, Pugh LC, White K. The Johns
Hopkins Nursing Evidence-based Practice Rating Scale. 2005.
Baltimore, MD,
The Johns Hopkins Hospital; Johns Hopkins University School
of Nursing.
Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for
Suicide Prevention
Future Directions
Gregory K. Brown, PhD, Shari Jager-Hyman, PhD
From the Pere
Philadelphia, P
Address co
Psychiatry, Un
Philadelphia P
0749-3797/
http://dx.do
S186 Am J
Psychotherapeutic interventions targeting suicidal thoughts and
behaviors are essential for reducing
suicide attempts and deaths by suicide. To determine whether
specific psychotherapies are
efficacious in preventing suicide and suicide-related behaviors,
6. it is necessary to rigorously evaluate
therapies using RCTs. To date, a number of RCTs have
demonstrated efficacy for several
interventions focused on preventing suicide attempts and
reducing suicidal ideation. Although
these studies have contributed greatly to the understanding of
treatment for suicidal thoughts and
behaviors, the extant literature is hampered by a number of gaps
and methodologic limitations.
Thus, further research employing increased methodologic rigor
is needed to improve psychother-
apeutic suicide prevention efforts. The aims of this paper are to
briefly review the state of the science
for psychotherapeutic interventions for suicide prevention,
discuss gaps and methodologic
limitations of the extant literature, and suggest next steps for
improving future studies.
(Am J Prev Med 2014;47(3S2):S186–S194) & 2014 American
Journal of Preventive Medicine
Introduction
T
he development and implementation of effective
interventions are imperative for reducing rates of
suicide and related behaviors. In response to the
ongoing need for effective treatments aimed at prevent-
ing suicide and self-directed violence, the National
Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention’s (Action Alli-
ance) Research Prioritization Task Force (RPTF)1 has
proposed the following Aspirational Goal focused on
psychotherapeutic interventions: “…develop widely
available, more effective and efficient psychosocial inter-
ventions targeted at individuals, families, and community
levels.”
The current paper has three main aims in discussing
7. this Aspirational Goal. First, with a focus on RCTs, the
state of the science for evidence-based psychotherapy
interventions for suicidal ideation and behavior is
reviewed. Second, limitations of the current research
and suggestions for future research are discussed. Finally,
a step-by-step pathway for evaluating psychotherapy
interventions for suicide prevention is proposed.
lman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania,
ennsylvania
rrespondence to: Gregory K. Brown, PhD, Department of
iversity of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 2032,
A 19104-3309. E-mail: [email protected]
$36.00
i.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.008
Prev Med 2014;47(3S2):S186–S194 & 2014 Ame
State of the Science of Evidence-Based
Treatments for Suicide Prevention
Several RCTs2–5 have demonstrated promising results in
reducing suicide attempts and self-directed violence. A
comprehensive review of the literature is beyond the
scope of this paper; however, reviews2–5 were used to
identify studies to include in this brief review. A selection
of studies yielding positive effects will be highlighted and
presented in Table 1. Briefly, cognitive therapy for suicide
prevention (CT-SP)6; cognitive–behavioral therapy
(CBT)7; dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)8; problem-
solving therapy (PST)9; mentalization-based treatment
(MBT)10; and psychodynamic interpersonal therapy
(PIT)11 have all evidenced positive effects for preventing
suicide attempts or self-directed violence in adults.
More specifically, recent suicide attempters who
received CT-SP were 50% less likely to reattempt than
participants who received enhanced usual care (EUC)
with tracking and referrals.6 CBT plus treatment as usual
8. (TAU) also reduced self-harming behaviors relative to
TAU alone.7 For individuals with borderline personality
disorder (BPD), DBT demonstrated a greater reduction in
suicide attempts relative to community treatment by
experts.8 However, DBT was not statistically more effec-
tive than a manualized general psychiatric management
condition, consisting of case management, dynamically
informed psychotherapy, and medication management.12
Also focused on BPD, MBT, a psychoanalytically
oriented partial hospitalization program, was more
rican Journal of Preventive Medicine � Published by Elsevier
Inc.
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.008
dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.008
dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.008
Table 1. Summary of select RCTs
Authors Sample
Study
intervention
Control
condition
Outcome
variables
Follow-up
intervals Main findings
9. Bateman and
Fonagy
(1999)10
Adults with BPD
referred to
psychiatric unit
Partial
hospitalization
(n¼19)
Standard
psychiatric
care (n¼19)
Suicide
attempts
3, 6, 9, 12, 15,
18 months
Patients who received the study intervention
experienced a significant reduction in attempts
from admission to 18 months (Kendall’s W¼0.59,
χ2(3)¼33.5, po0.001)
Blum et al.
(2008)13
Adults with BPD STEPPS plus
TAU (n¼65)
TAU (n¼59) Suicide
attempts
10. 1, 3, 6, 9, 12
months
No differences in time to first suicide attempt
between STEPPS þ TAU and TAU groups;
χ2(1)o0.1, p¼0.994
Brown et al.
(2005)6
Adults recruited
from ED following
a suicide attempt
CT (n¼60) EUC (n¼60) Suicidal
ideation,
suicide
attempts
1, 3, 6, 12, 18
months
At 6 months, using the Kaplan–Meier method,
estimated reattempt-free probability: CT
group¼0.86 (95% CI¼074, 0.93); usual care
¼0.68 (95% CI¼0.54, 0.79)
At 18 months, estimated reattempt-free
probability: CT¼0.76 (95% CI¼0.62, 0.85); usual
care¼0.58 (95% CI¼0.44, 0.70)
Patients in the CT condition had a significantly
lower reattempt rate (Wald χ2¼3.9, p¼0.049) and
were 50% less likely to reattempt than the usual
care group (hazard ratio¼0.51, 95% CI¼0.26, 0.997)
There were no significant group differences in
suicidal ideation
11. Bruce et al.
(2004)21
Depressed older
adults recruited
from primary care
Structured,
team-based
intervention
including
citalopram þ
psychotherapy
(n¼320)
TAU (n¼278) Suicidal
ideation
4, 8, 12
months
Rates of suicidal ideation declined faster for the
intervention group (12.9% decline from baseline)
than the TAU group (3.0% decline from baseline;
p¼0.01 for all depressed patients, p¼0.006 for
patients with MDD)
Comtois et al.
(2011)17
Adults evaluated
for suicide
attempt or
imminent risk but
judged safe for
discharge
12. CAMS (n¼16) E-CAU (n¼16) Suicide
attempts,
suicidal
ideation
2, 4, 6, 12
months
Participants who received CAMS made fewer
suicide attempts than those who received E-CAU
at 2-, 4-, and 6-month follow-upsa
Suicidal ideation improved significantly for CAMS
patients, reaching 89% reduction at 12 months,
RR¼0.11, 95% CI¼0.04, 0.30; at 12 months,
E-CAU patients reported significantly worse
suicidal ideation than CAMS patients (RR¼4.81,
95% CI¼1.61, 14.33)
(continued on next page)
B
row
n
an
d
Jager-H
ym
an
/
A
14. Outcome
variables
Follow-up
intervals Main findings
Davidson et al.
(2006)14
Adults with BPD
and an episode of
DSH within the
past 12 months
CBT þ TAU
(n¼53)
TAU (n¼49) Suicidal acts 6, 12, 18, 24
months
After 24 months, there was a greater reduction in
number of suicidal acts in the intervention group
compared to the TAU group (mean difference¼
–0.91, p¼0.020)
Diamond et al.
(2010)19
Adolescents
identified as
suicidal by
screening during
primary care or
ED visits
15. ABFT (n¼35) EUC (n¼31) Suicidal
ideation
6, 12, 24
weeks
At the 12-week assessment, patients receiving
ABFT demonstrated a significantly greater rate of
improvement in suicidal ideation than patients
receiving EUC, F(1, 64)¼12.60, p¼0.001
ABFT had a significant effect on clinical recovery
(SIQ-JR r13) of suicidal ideation at all time points;
at 6 weeks, 69.7% of ABFT patients and 40.7% of
EUC patients reported suicidal ideation in the
normative range, OR¼3.35, 95% CI¼1.15, 9.73,
χ²(1)¼5.07, p¼0.02; at 12 weeks, 87.1% of ABFT
patients and 51.7% of EUC patients reported
ideation in the normative range, OR¼6.30, 95%
CI¼1.76, 22.61, χ²(1)¼8.93, p¼0.003; at 24
weeks, 70% of ABFT patients and 34.6% of EUC
patients reported ideation in the normative range,
OR¼4.41, 95% CI¼1.43, 13.56, χ²(1)¼7.01,
p¼0.008
Guthrie et al.
(2001)11
Adults presenting
to ED after self-
poisoning
Psychody-
namic
interpersonal
therapy
delivered in
16. home (n¼58)
TAU (n¼61) Suicidal
ideation
1, 6 months At the 6-month follow-up assessment, patients
receiving the study intervention reported lower
levels of suicidal ideation compared to those
receiving TAU (differences between means¼ –4.9,
95% CI¼ –8.2, –1.6, p¼0.005)
Hatcher et al.
(2011)9
Adults presenting
to a hospital after
self-harm
PST (n¼522) Usual care
(n¼572)
Self-harm 3, 12 months Fewer patients receiving PST reported
repeat
episodes of self-harm at the 12-month
assessment than those receiving usual care
(RR¼0.39, 95% CI¼0.07, 0.60, p¼0.03)
Huey et al.
(2004)16
Youth following
ED visit for suicide
attempt, ideation,
or planning
MSTb Standard
17. treatmentb
Suicidal
ideation,
suicide
attempts
4, 16 months MST was significantly more effective than
standard treatment at reducing suicide attempts
over 16 months, t(linear)¼2.61, po0.01, t
(quadratic)¼3.60, po0.001
There were no significant group differences for
suicidal ideation
(continued on next page)
B
row
n
an
d
Jager-H
ym
an
/
A
m
J
P
rev
19. Outcome
variables
Follow-up
intervals Main findings
Linehan et al.
(2006)8
Women with BPD
with Z2 episodes
of self-harm in the
past 5 years,
including Z1
within the past 8
weeks
DBT (n¼52) Community
treatment by
experts
(n¼49)
Suicidal
ideation,
suicide
attempts
4, 8, 12, 16,
20, 24 months
Fewer patients receiving DBT had suicide attempts
than those receiving treatment by experts (23.1%
vs 46%, hazard ratio¼2.66, p¼0.005, NNT¼4.24,
95% CI¼2.40, 18.07); the mean proportions of
suicide attempters per treatment group per period
were 6.2% (95% CI¼3.1%, 11.7%) and 12.2%
20. (95% CI¼7.1%, 20.3%) for the DBT and control
groups, respectively
Fewer patients receiving DBT than community
treatment by experts had non-ambivalent suicide
attempts (5.8% vs 13.3%, p¼0.18, Fisher’s exact
test and NNT¼13.3, 95% CI¼5.28, 25.41)
There were no significant group differences for
suicidal ideation
McMain et al.
(2009)12
Adults with BPD
with Z2 suicidal
or non-suicidal
self-injurious
episodes in the
past 5 years, Z1
episode in the
past 3 months
DBT (n¼90) General
psychiatric
management
(n¼90)
Frequency and
severity of
suicidal
episodes
4, 8, 12
months
There were no significant group differences for
suicidal episodes
21. Slee et al.
(2008)7
Adults who
recently engaged
in deliberate self-
poisoning or self-
injury
CBT þ TAU
(n¼40)
TAU (n¼42) Self-harm,
suicidal
cognition
3, 6, 9 months At 9 months, patients who received CBT þ TAU
had significantly greater reductions in self-harm
than those who received TAU alone (po0.05)
CBT þTAU patients had significantly decreased
suicidal cognitions as compared to TAU patients at
the 3- (po0.05), 6- (po0.05), and 9-month
(po0.01) assessments
Stewart et al.
(2009)18
Adults in
treatment
following a suicide
attempt
CBT (n¼11),
PST (n¼12)
22. TAU (n¼9) Suicidal
ideation,
suicide
attempts
4 weeks (PST),
7 weeks (CBT),
2 months
(TAU)
CBT was the most effective treatment for reducing
suicide attempts; patients receiving CBT made no
attempts during the study, whereas patients
receiving PST and TAU made an average of 0.33
attempts and 0.22 attempts, respectively
Suicidal ideation decreased with both CBT (z¼
�2.32, po0.05, r¼0.49) and PST (z¼�2.39,
po0.05, r¼0.49); decreases in suicidal ideation
were greater for the PST than TAU group (U¼26.5,
pr0.05, r¼0.49)
(continued on next page)
B
row
n
an
d
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an
65. Brown and Jager-Hyman / Am J Prev Med 2014;47(3S2):S186–
S194S190
effective than general psychiatric services
in reducing suicidal and self-mutilatory
acts.10 Similarly, relative to TAU alone,
PST plus usual care resulted in a decrease
in repeat hospitalizations for self-harm in
individuals with a history of previous self-
harm.9 Finally, four home-based sessions
of interpersonal therapy were more effec-
tive than TAU in reducing suicidal idea-
tion and repeated self-harm in individuals
who self-poisoned.11
Although a number of suicide-
prevention interventions have evidenced
efficacy, other interventions, including
systems training for emotional predict-
ability and problem solving13 and CBT for
Cluster B personality disorders,14 have
not been supported empirically. For a
comprehensive review of negative find-
ings, please see previous reviews.2–5
Fewer studies15,16 have demonstrated
efficacy for psychotherapy interventions
in reducing self-directed violence in ado-
lescents. Wood and colleagues15 found that
adolescents who received developmental
group therapy (consisting of components
of CBT, DBT, and psychodynamic group
therapy) plus TAU were less likely to
engage in repeated deliberate self-harm
on two or more occasions than those
who received TAU alone. Finally, multi-
66. systemic therapy, an intensive family-
based treatment, reduced the frequency
of suicide attempts compared to treatment
received during inpatient hospitalization.16
In addition to psychosocial interven-
tions designed to prevent suicide
attempts, several psychotherapy treat-
ments directly target suicidal ideation.
Specifically, collaborative assessment and
management of suicidality (CAMS),17
CBT,18 PST,18 and PIT11 have resulted
in the reduction of suicidal ideation in
adults. CAMS, a therapeutic framework
focused on identifying causes of suicidal
ideation and treatment goals for reducing
suicidal ideation, was associated with
significantly greater and sustained reduc-
tion of suicidal ideation at 12 months
post-treatment compared to TAU.17 Sim-
ilarly, both PST and CBT resulted
in greater reduction of suicidal ideation
than TAU.16 Attachment-based family
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S194 S191
therapy, which focuses on strengthening the parent–
adolescent attachment bond, has also demonstrated
promise in reducing suicidal ideation in suicidal adoles-
cents relative to EUC.19
Finally, to our knowledge, two studies have demon-
67. strated efficacy in reducing suicidal ideation in depressed
older adults in primary care settings.20,21 The Improving
Mood: Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment
study determined that a collaborative, team-based
approach to treating depression resulted in a greater
reduction of suicidal ideation than usual care. The
Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collabo-
rative Trial intervention, consisting of a clinical algo-
rithm for treating geriatric depression in primary care
settings and care management, was more effective in
reducing suicidal ideation than EUC.
Limitations of the Current State of the
Science
Although the aforementioned RCTs represent important
first steps in gaining a deeper understanding of effective
suicide prevention strategies, several gaps and methodo-
logic concerns limit conclusions that can be drawn from
these studies. Several significant gaps in the literature
should be noted. First, given the paucity of RCTs powered
to detect deaths by suicide, it is unknown whether death
by suicide (rather than suicide attempts) can be prevented
by psychotherapy. Moreover, it is unclear as to whether
the reduction of suicide attempts or ideation via psycho-
therapy actually reduces deaths by suicide.
Second, many studies focused on suicide prevention
exclude patients at imminent risk for suicide, making it
impossible to determine whether interventions that are
efficacious for lower-risk patients are also efficacious for
those at highest risk.22 Third, there are limited psycho-
therapy RCTs focused on preventing suicide attempts for
many at-risk populations, including older adults; Veterans
or military service members; lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans-
gender, queer, and two-spirit (LGBTQ2) populations;
Native Americans and other minority groups; and survi-
68. vors of suicide or suicide attempts. It is unclear whether the
results of existing RCTs generalize to these populations.
Additionally, the majority of psychotherapy interven-
tions for suicidal thoughts and behaviors have been
conducted in outpatient settings, and very few RCTs have
been conducted in acute care settings, such as emergency
departments, inpatient units, and crisis hotlines. The
development of interventions for these settings is partic-
ularly important given that many high-risk patients only
present to acute care services and never receive additional
psychosocial treatment. The dearth of knowledge about
effective treatments for inpatient settings is especially
September 2014
alarming given that the current standard of care is to admit
high-risk patients to inpatient units. This suggests that
patients who are at high risk for suicide may not receive
appropriate evidence-based treatments to prevent suicide.
A final gap in the extant research examining the
efficacy of psychotherapy interventions for suicide pre-
vention is the failure to replicate studies in which
treatments have been found to be efficacious. It is
especially critical that replication trials be conducted by
independent researchers, as in some cases replication
studies conducted outside of the original research groups
have failed to demonstrate the same beneficial effects.12
A variety of methodologic limitations of the existing
research hamper the ability to draw firm conclusions
regarding the effectiveness and generalizability of various
suicide prevention efforts (limitations have been pub-
lished elsewhere1–4). First, a lack of consensus regarding
terms and operationalized definitions used to describe
suicide, attempts, ideation, and other related behaviors
limits the ability to generalize across studies and replicate
69. findings. Researchers also often neglect to use reliable
and validated measures of suicidal ideation and behav-
iors, making it difficult to understand the specific
behaviors measured and targeted by the interventions
in question.
In addition, many previously published RCTs do not
provide detailed psychotherapy manuals. The absence of
treatment manuals creates significant challenges for dis-
semination and implementation efforts in the community
and precludes appropriate replication studies. Furthermore,
researchers often neglect to include measures assessing the
integrity of the study intervention. It is important to assess
the extent to which study therapists adhere to the theory
and practice of the intervention of interest.
An additional common methodologic problem is that
studies are underpowered to adequately detect treatment
effects, causing potentially efficacious treatments to yield
negative results owing to lack of power rather than lack of
efficacy. Moreover, very few studies include descriptions of
power analyses, making it difficult to determine the reasons
for failing to find positive effects. Other studies conduct
power analyses based on unlikely or biased estimates of
effects, leading to inadequate estimates of sample sizes.
Conservative estimates are necessary to ensure that sam-
ples are powered sufficiently to detect effects.
Given that RCTs are generally longitudinal, attrition is
common and results in an additional methodologic issue
of handling missing data. This is particularly problematic
when dropout rates differ across treatment conditions,
which may result in biased results.7 As recommended in
the CONSORT guidelines for reporting RCT results,
intention-to-treat analysis is a helpful statistical approach
to handling missing data to minimize bias.23
70. Brown and Jager-Hyman / Am J Prev Med 2014;47(3S2):S186–
S194S192
Other methodologic limitations encountered in the
extant literature include potential threats to external
validity by choosing highly selective samples11; failure
to use blind investigators, assessors, or patients or specify
whether blinding was implemented; potential measure-
ment bias (e.g., using differential measurement intervals
and methods for assessing primary outcomes in inter-
vention and control groups10); failure to identify, meas-
ure, and control for potential non-study co-interventions
(e.g., pharmacotherapy); and analyses capitalizing on
differences in baseline characteristics.16
It is also advised that researchers focus on a priori
analyses and refrain from making firm conclusions on
the basis of unplanned, underpowered subgroup analy-
ses. Finally, stratified randomization is an important tool
in preventing Type I errors and imbalance between
treatment groups, particularly for smaller trials in which
known factors influence treatment responsiveness.
Next Steps and Breakthroughs Needed
Although the existing RCTs have created an important
jumping-off point for evaluating future psychotherapeutic
interventions for suicide attempts and ideation, much
work remains. The adoption of the following recommen-
dations may lead to increased methodologic rigor with
which suicide research is conducted, and in turn, the
development and dissemination of treatments that reduce
suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and ultimately, suicide.
Given that the current lack of consensus of terms and
71. definitions leads to difficulty in interpreting results and
aggregating findings across studies, an important short-
term goal is to adopt an agreed-upon nomenclature for
all studies addressing suicide-relevant thoughts and
behaviors, such as the self-directed violence nomencla-
ture proposed by the CDC’s National Center for Injury
Prevention and Control.24 It is then essential to employ
valid and reliable measures to assess these constructs.
The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS25)
is one such measure endorsed by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration for use in pharmaceutical trials. It would
also be beneficial to use an agreed-upon measure for
psychotherapy trials. Furthermore, to achieve continuity
across studies, it would be helpful for all studies to use the
same endpoints in reporting outcomes, thereby increasing
the ease with which results can be aggregated across
studies via meta-analyses.
There is also a need for methods to address ambiguous
suicide behavior that may not neatly fit into a specific
category of suicidal thoughts or behaviors. One potential
solution to this problem is to form suicide adjudication
boards to review ambiguous behaviors and reach a
consensus regarding appropriate classification.26
An additional short-term goal is to develop interven-
tions designed for high-risk populations, including older
adults, Veterans or military service members, LGBTQ2
individuals, minority groups, and survivors of suicide or
suicide attempts as indicated by empirical research. There
is also a need for methods to screen and treat high-risk
individuals in acute care settings, including emergency
departments, crisis hotlines, and inpatient units.
As previously mentioned, many studies assessing the
efficacy of treatments for suicide prevention are under-
72. powered. Although preliminary studies to determine
acceptability and feasibility of specific interventions are
necessary, large-scale RCTs that are adequately powered
to detect treatment effects are also imperative. This is true
for studies assessing treatments focused on reducing
suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and other self-
directed violence, as well as those designed to evaluate
treatments for the prevention of deaths by suicide.
Because suicide is a low base rate behavior, very large
samples are required to conduct adequately powered
trials. Multi-site collaborations allow the collection of
data from large samples while reducing financial and
organizational burden on any one site. In addition, the
use of standardized outcome measures and data sharing
may facilitate meta-analytic approaches and circum-
vent problems associated with inadequately powered
studies.
Further development and dissemination of treatments
specifically targeting suicidal ideation are also necessary,
particularly for populations such as older men who have
the highest rates of suicide of any age group.27 Despite
their increased rate of deaths by suicide, older adults are
less likely to make suicide attempts than individuals in
any other age group.28 Suicidal ideation may thus serve as
the only warning sign of future suicides in older adults,
making it especially important to specifically target
suicidal ideation in this population. As frequent attempts
are less common in this population, treatments focused
on preventing attempts may be less appropriate.
Because suicidal ideation is a dimensional construct
that waxes and wanes over time, RCTs should include
appropriate measures for tracking fluctuations in suicidal
ideation. The use of ecological momentary assessment,
73. for example, would provide much-needed insight into
the fluctuation of suicidal ideation and inform the
development of timely interventions that specifically
target changes in suicidal ideation.
Very little is known about whether positive effects of
psychotherapies for suicide prevention extend beyond
laboratory settings. In addition to efficacy trials, effec-
tiveness trials are also needed to assess whether specific
treatments work in real-world settings. Moreover, in
order to increase external validity of psychotherapy trials,
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Brown and Jager-Hyman / Am J Prev Med 2014;47(3S2):S186–
S194 S193
it is important that inclusion and exclusion criteria result
in samples that reflect patients as they present in the real
world (e.g., the exclusion of potential participants who do
not misuse substances may result in a biased sample of
suicide attempters10).
There is a need to better develop mechanisms to ensure
that the individuals at risk of suicide have access to
treatments that work. In designing interventions,
researchers should consider ways to increase the feasi-
bility and ease with which treatments can be disseminated
and adapted to various settings. For example, future
psychotherapies that can be implemented in rural settings
using telehealth technologies are needed.
In addition, researchers are encouraged to clearly
communicate the specific treatment components neces-
sary to successfully implement interventions in non-
laboratory settings. Another potential approach to
74. increasing the availability of evidence-based treatments
is to develop innovative electronic health interven-
tions (e.g., smartphone applications, texting, web-based
interventions, or chat rooms) as either widely available
stand-alone interventions or adjunctive treatments to
face-to-face interventions. Finally, further research is
needed to determine the cost-effectiveness and cost
utility of psychotherapy studies for suicide prevention.
As researchers continue to find support for treatments
that reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors, it is necessary
to identify potential mechanisms of actions that account for
therapeutic change. Thus, in addition to asking whether a
treatment works, it is essential to ask why a treatment
works. This can be achieved by including measures assess-
ing constructs underlying treatment effects, such as
improvements in hopelessness or emotion regulation.
Identifying mechanisms of action will allow for the
Figure 1. Proposed step-by-step research pathway for conductin
ED, emergency department; MH, mental health; PC, primary
care; SDV, self
September 2014
development of more efficient, targeted treatments and
may provide insight into which treatments work best
for whom.
In addition to identifying treatments that are effective in
reducing suicide ideation and behaviors, it is also impor-
tant to understand which treatments have not garnered
support in psychotherapy trials. Systematic trial registra-
tion is one method for reducing the “file-drawer effect” in
which negative findings are not presented to the public.
Given the gaps and methodologic flaws in the literature
focused on psychotherapy interventions for suicide pre-
75. vention, additional research is needed to determine the
efficacy of existing and future treatments. Thus, we propose
a general step-by-step research pathway for conducting
future RCTs with high-risk patients for examining the
efficacy of new psychotherapy treatments (Figure 1).
The first step of this paradigm is to identify high-risk
subjects by using agreed-upon nomenclature (e.g., CDC
nomenclature) as well as validated and reliable assess-
ment measures. These high-risk patients can be recruited
from a variety of settings including emergency depart-
ments, inpatient units, mental health outpatient clinics,
and primary care. Following recruitment and initial
assessment to determine eligibility, it is recommended
that patients be randomly assigned to either (1) the
co-active intervention condition, which may include
medication, treatment as usual, a comparative therapy,
or follow-up services, or (2) the same co-active interven-
tion plus a suicide-specific study intervention condition.
Alternatively, depending on the question of interest, it
may be more appropriate to omit the co-active inter-
vention for participants who are randomized to the
suicide-specific study intervention condition. In order
to gain an understanding of the pathways by which
g RCTs
-directed violence; Ss, subjects
Brown and Jager-Hyman / Am J Prev Med 2014;47(3S2):S186–
S194S194
treatment affects the outcome of interest (i.e., suicidal
ideation, suicide attempts, or suicides), it is imperative to
examine moderators of the study treatment and potential
mechanisms of actions. Elucidating the moderators and
76. mechanisms at play will inform the development of more
efficient and targeted future interventions. This paradigm
will also allow for increased understanding of the relation
between reductions in suicidal ideation and reductions in
suicide attempts or deaths by suicide.
Conclusions
Despite important advances in the development and
evaluation of psychotherapeutic treatments for suicide
prevention, additional research is needed to improve the
current state of the science. A focus on filling the gaps in
the literature and increasing methodologic rigor with
which RCTs of suicide-prevention psychotherapies are
conducted will lead to increasingly effective treatments
for reducing suicidal ideation, attempts, and deaths.
Publication of this article was supported by the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of
Health Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences, and the
National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention.
This support was provided as part of the National Institute of
Mental Health-staffed Research Prioritization Task Force of
the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention.
No financial disclosures were reported by the authors of
this paper.
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