The document discusses representations of youth in the media over time from various sources. It includes quotes from Plato criticizing the behavior of youth, a quote from Gordon Brown expressing concern about youth roaming the streets, and a description of youth gangs from a 1898 newspaper. It also includes sections from reports on the needs of youth from 1939. The document analyzes how youth have been portrayed differently over history and compares historical representations to modern media.

1. Collective Identity of Youth
Revision sessions

2. When were these thoughts
about youth written?
“THE CHILDREN NOW LOVE LUXURY; THEY HAVE BAD MANNERS, CONTEMPT FOR AUTHORITY;
THEY SHOW DISRESPECT FOR ELDERS AND LOVE CHATTER IN PLACE OF EXERCISE. CHILDREN
ARE NOW TYRANTS, NOT THE SERVANTS OF THEIR HOUSEHOLDS. THEY NO LONGER RISE WHEN
ELDERS ENTER THE ROOM. THEY CONTRADICT THEIR PARENTS, CHATTER BEFORE COMPANY,
GOBBLE UP DAINTIES AT THE TABLE, CROSS THEIR LEGS, AND TYRANNIZE THEIR TEACHERS.”
'KIDS ARE OUT OF CONTROL... THEY'RE ROAMING THE STREETS. THEY'RE OUT
LATE AT NIGHT.'
‘THEY WORE PEAKED CAPS, NECK SCARVES, BELL-BOTTOM TROUSERS AND A HAIRSTYLE
CROPPED CLOSE TO THE SCALP. THERE WERE PITCHED BATTLES BETWEEN RIVAL GANGS, ARMED
WITH IRON BARS, KNIVES, POWERFUL CATAPULTS AND EVEN GUNS. THEY PATROLLED THEIR
NEIGHBOURHOODS SHOUTING OBSCENITIES AND PUSHING PEOPLE DOWN.'
‘RELAXATION OF PARENTAL CONTROL, DECLINE OF RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE AND THE MOVEMNT OF
MASSES OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO HOUSING ESTATES WHERE THERE IS LITTLE SCOPE FOR
RECREATION AND PLENTY FOR TROUBLE… THE PROBLEM IS A SERIOUS CHALLENGE, THE
DIFFICULTY OF WHICH IS INTENSIFIED BY THE EXTENSION OF FREEDOM WHICH, FOR BETTER OR
WORSE, HAS BEEN GIVEN TO YOUTH IN THE LAST GENERATION.’

3. “THE CHILDREN NOW LOVE LUXURY; THEY HAVE BAD MANNERS, CONTEMPT FOR AUTHORITY;
THEY SHOW DISRESPECT FOR ELDERS AND LOVE CHATTER IN PLACE OF EXERCISE. CHILDREN
ARE NOW TYRANTS, NOT THE SERVANTS OF THEIR HOUSEHOLDS. THEY NO LONGER RISE WHEN
ELDERS ENTER THE ROOM. THEY CONTRADICT THEIR PARENTS, CHATTER BEFORE COMPANY,
GOBBLE UP DAINTIES AT THE TABLE, CROSS THEIR LEGS, AND TYRANNIZE THEIR TEACHERS.”
'KIDS ARE OUT OF CONTROL... THEY'RE ROAMING THE STREETS. THEY'RE OUT
LATE AT NIGHT.'
THEY WORE PEAKED CAPS, NECK SCARVES, BELL-BOTTOM TROUSERS AND A HAIRSTYLE CROPPED
CLOSE TO THE SCALP. THERE WERE PITCHED BATTLES BETWEEN RIVAL GANGS, ARMED WITH
IRON BARS, KNIVES, POWERFUL CATAPULTS AND EVEN GUNS. THEY PATROLLED THEIR
NEIGHBOURHOODS SHOUTING OBSCENITIES AND PUSHING PEOPLE DOWN.'
‘RELAXATION OF PARENTAL CONTROL, DECLINE OF RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE AND THE MOVEMNT OF
MASSES OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO HOUSING ESTATES WHERE THERE IS LITTLE SCOPE FOR
RECREATION AND PLENTY FOR TROUBLE… THE PROBLEM IS A SERIOUS CHALLENGE, THE
DIFFICULTY OF WHICH IS INTENSIFIED BY THE EXTENSION OF FREEDOM WHICH, FOR BETTER OR
WORSE, HAS BEEN GIVEN TO YOUTH IN THE LAST GENERATION.’

4. “THE CHILDREN NOW LOVE LUXURY; THEY HAVE BAD MANNERS, CONTEMPT FOR AUTHORITY;
THEY SHOW DISRESPECT FOR ELDERS AND LOVE CHATTER IN PLACE OF EXERCISE. CHILDREN
ARE NOW TYRANTS, NOT THE SERVANTS OF THEIR HOUSEHOLDS. THEY NO LONGER RISE WHEN
ELDERS ENTER THE ROOM. THEY CONTRADICT THEIR PARENTS, CHATTER BEFORE COMPANY,
GOBBLE UP DAINTIES AT THE TABLE, CROSS THEIR LEGS, AND TYRANNIZE THEIR TEACHERS.”
PLATO (428-348 BC)
'KIDS ARE OUT OF CONTROL... THEY'RE ROAMING THE STREETS. THEY'RE OUT
LATE AT NIGHT.'
THEY WORE PEAKED CAPS, NECK SCARVES, BELL-BOTTOM TROUSERS AND A HAIRSTYLE CROPPED
CLOSE TO THE SCALP. THERE WERE PITCHED BATTLES BETWEEN RIVAL GANGS, ARMED WITH
IRON BARS, KNIVES, POWERFUL CATAPULTS AND EVEN GUNS. THEY PATROLLED THEIR
NEIGHBOURHOODS SHOUTING OBSCENITIES AND PUSHING PEOPLE DOWN.'
‘RELAXATION OF PARENTAL CONTROL, DECLINE OF RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE AND THE MOVEMNT OF
MASSES OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO HOUSING ESTATES WHERE THERE IS LITTLE SCOPE FOR
RECREATION AND PLENTY FOR TROUBLE… THE PROBLEM IS A SERIOUS CHALLENGE, THE
DIFFICULTY OF WHICH IS INTENSIFIED BY THE EXTENSION OF FREEDOM WHICH, FOR BETTER OR
WORSE, HAS BEEN GIVEN TO YOUTH IN THE LAST GENERATION.’

5. “THE CHILDREN NOW LOVE LUXURY; THEY HAVE BAD MANNERS, CONTEMPT FOR AUTHORITY;
THEY SHOW DISRESPECT FOR ELDERS AND LOVE CHATTER IN PLACE OF EXERCISE. CHILDREN
ARE NOW TYRANTS, NOT THE SERVANTS OF THEIR HOUSEHOLDS. THEY NO LONGER RISE WHEN
ELDERS ENTER THE ROOM. THEY CONTRADICT THEIR PARENTS, CHATTER BEFORE COMPANY,
GOBBLE UP DAINTIES AT THE TABLE, CROSS THEIR LEGS, AND TYRANNIZE THEIR TEACHERS.”
PLATO (428-348 BC)
'KIDS ARE OUT OF CONTROL... THEY'RE ROAMING THE STREETS. THEY'RE OUT
LATE AT NIGHT.'
GORDON BROWN FROM 2008
THEY WORE PEAKED CAPS, NECK SCARVES, BELL-BOTTOM TROUSERS AND A HAIRSTYLE CROPPED
CLOSE TO THE SCALP. THERE WERE PITCHED BATTLES BETWEEN RIVAL GANGS, ARMED WITH
IRON BARS, KNIVES, POWERFUL CATAPULTS AND EVEN GUNS. THEY PATROLLED THEIR
NEIGHBOURHOODS SHOUTING OBSCENITIES AND PUSHING PEOPLE DOWN.'
‘RELAXATION OF PARENTAL CONTROL, DECLINE OF RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE AND THE MOVEMNT OF
MASSES OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO HOUSING ESTATES WHERE THERE IS LITTLE SCOPE FOR
RECREATION AND PLENTY FOR TROUBLE… THE PROBLEM IS A SERIOUS CHALLENGE, THE
DIFFICULTY OF WHICH IS INTENSIFIED BY THE EXTENSION OF FREEDOM WHICH, FOR BETTER OR
WORSE, HAS BEEN GIVEN TO YOUTH IN THE LAST GENERATION.’

6. “THE CHILDREN NOW LOVE LUXURY; THEY HAVE BAD MANNERS, CONTEMPT FOR AUTHORITY;
THEY SHOW DISRESPECT FOR ELDERS AND LOVE CHATTER IN PLACE OF EXERCISE. CHILDREN
ARE NOW TYRANTS, NOT THE SERVANTS OF THEIR HOUSEHOLDS. THEY NO LONGER RISE WHEN
ELDERS ENTER THE ROOM. THEY CONTRADICT THEIR PARENTS, CHATTER BEFORE COMPANY,
GOBBLE UP DAINTIES AT THE TABLE, CROSS THEIR LEGS, AND TYRANNIZE THEIR TEACHERS.”
PLATO (428-348 BC)
'KIDS ARE OUT OF CONTROL... THEY'RE ROAMING THE STREETS. THEY'RE OUT
LATE AT NIGHT.'
GORDON BROWN FROM 2008
THEY WORE PEAKED CAPS, NECK SCARVES, BELL-BOTTOM TROUSERS AND A HAIRSTYLE CROPPED
CLOSE TO THE SCALP. THERE WERE PITCHED BATTLES BETWEEN RIVAL GANGS, ARMED WITH
IRON BARS, KNIVES, POWERFUL CATAPULTS AND EVEN GUNS. THEY PATROLLED THEIR
NEIGHBOURHOODS SHOUTING OBSCENITIES AND PUSHING PEOPLE DOWN.'
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE, 1898
‘RELAXATION OF PARENTAL CONTROL, DECLINE OF RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE AND THE MOVEMNT OF
MASSES OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO HOUSING ESTATES WHERE THERE IS LITTLE SCOPE FOR
RECREATION AND PLENTY FOR TROUBLE… THE PROBLEM IS A SERIOUS CHALLENGE, THE
DIFFICULTY OF WHICH IS INTENSIFIED BY THE EXTENSION OF FREEDOM WHICH, FOR BETTER OR
WORSE, HAS BEEN GIVEN TO YOUTH IN THE LAST GENERATION.’

7. “THE CHILDREN NOW LOVE LUXURY; THEY HAVE BAD MANNERS, CONTEMPT FOR AUTHORITY;
THEY SHOW DISRESPECT FOR ELDERS AND LOVE CHATTER IN PLACE OF EXERCISE. CHILDREN
ARE NOW TYRANTS, NOT THE SERVANTS OF THEIR HOUSEHOLDS. THEY NO LONGER RISE WHEN
ELDERS ENTER THE ROOM. THEY CONTRADICT THEIR PARENTS, CHATTER BEFORE COMPANY,
GOBBLE UP DAINTIES AT THE TABLE, CROSS THEIR LEGS, AND TYRANNIZE THEIR TEACHERS.”
PLATO (428-348 BC)
'KIDS ARE OUT OF CONTROL... THEY'RE ROAMING THE STREETS. THEY'RE OUT
LATE AT NIGHT.'
GORDON BROWN FROM 2008
THEY WORE PEAKED CAPS, NECK SCARVES, BELL-BOTTOM TROUSERS AND A HAIRSTYLE CROPPED
CLOSE TO THE SCALP. THERE WERE PITCHED BATTLES BETWEEN RIVAL GANGS, ARMED WITH
IRON BARS, KNIVES, POWERFUL CATAPULTS AND EVEN GUNS. THEY PATROLLED THEIR
NEIGHBOURHOODS SHOUTING OBSCENITIES AND PUSHING PEOPLE DOWN.'
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE, 1898
‘RELAXATION OF PARENTAL CONTROL, DECLINE OF RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE AND THE MOVEMNT OF
MASSES OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO HOUSING ESTATES WHERE THERE IS LITTLE SCOPE FOR
RECREATION AND PLENTY FOR TROUBLE… THE PROBLEM IS A SERIOUS CHALLENGE, THE
DIFFICULTY OF WHICH IS INTENSIFIED BY THE EXTENSION OF FREEDOM WHICH, FOR BETTER OR
WORSE, HAS BEEN GIVEN TO YOUTH IN THE LAST GENERATION.’
1939 REPORT TITLED NEEDS OF YOUTH

8. BARNADO’S ADVERT

9. Hoods
WHO IS IN THE
HOOD?

10. WHO IS THE ACTRESS IN THE HOOD?

11. WHO IS THIS?

12. Who is this group?

13. Hoods

14. What is the name of this video
game character?

15. Who is the actor?

16. Who is this film
character?

17. And this character?

18. What company is this?

19. Which artist created this?

20. Name the film...

21. Name the film...

22. Who is he?

23. What film is she from?

24. What programme is this
person from?

25. Who is he?

26. Who is this
organisation?

27. What film is this?

28. Who is this?

29. Student Tuition Fees Protest

32. Semiotics of the Hood
Comfort - babies, young children
Protection from the elements
Academic/religious costume
1940s athletic training gear - today’s fashion
TIME
1990s skateboard/hip hop culture
Power, mystery, transformation, disgust
Fashion statement/symbol of dissent - a statement
about self?
Concealment from CCTV
Synonymous with crime

34. An analysis of youth in the
press

35. HARRY BROWN TRAILER

36. AN OPEN LETTER TO
THE MAKERS OF
HARRY BROWN

37. STANLEY COHEN: FOLK DEVILS AND MORAL PANICS
Look at the
media as amplifying
anxieties and events and therefore
create a moral panic. The
demonisation of youth in this way
can only come about if there is
some kind of collective identity
to which to point.

38. STANLEY COHEN ON MODS AND ROCKERS

39. Examines how
young people construct their
identity through fashion and
musical influence. His arguments
still apply today even if subcultures
do not neatly divide in quite the way
they did in the 70s, given the way
music has tended to
hybridise.

40. QUADROPHENIA TRAILER

41. UPDATING HEBDIGE?

42. FISH TANK TRAILER

43. WHAT HAS THIS DOG GOT TO DO WITH
REPRESENTING YOUNG PEOPLE?

44. SAMSUNG ADVERT

46. GRANGE HILL

47. THE INBETWEENERS

49. KATHARINE BIRBALSINGH
JAMIE OLIVER’S DREAM SCHOOL

50. Learning Objectives
How media that are in public circulation today
represent groups of people in different ways
How these representations differ to historical
representations of the same groups
The effects in society of particular kinds of media
representations of collective identities
Ways in which people might use the media actively to
form a collective identity
Debates and the ideas that our identities are
increasingly constructed by, or through, or in
response to the media (and arguments against this

51. Exam Answer
Must cover:
two different media
a minimum of two critics/theorists (summary notes
can be used)
past
PRESENT
future

52. Analyse the ways in which the media
represent one group of people that you
have studied
Identify:
- examples to compare and contrast
- critics/theorists/ideas/theories
- the implications/consequences of young
people being represented in these ways

53. “The media do not construct
collective identity; they
merely reflect it”. Discuss.

54. Revision Resources
www.netherhallmedia.com
www.petesmediablog.blogspot.com
www.colectiveidentity.posterous.com