Computer Numerical Control – Taking digitized data, a computer and CAM program is used to control, automate, and monitor the movements of a machine. The machine can be a milling machine, lathe, router, welder, grinder, laser or waterjet cutter, sheet metal stamping machine, robot, or many other types of machines. There are so many amazing things to make with a CNC router. Right from sculpting, carving signs to making jewelry or cutting various types of materials, there are many profitable X-carve project ideas to explore.

1. COMPUTER NUMERICAL
CONTROL
Series 0i - MODEL F
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2. 1) Remove chuck wrench immediately after adjusting chuck
2) Keep the tailstock away form machine home (origin) position when not in use
3) Wear appropriate safety glasses
4) Make sure entanglement hazards are removed (e.g. loose clothing, jewelry, etc.). Tie back and confine long
hair.
5) Keep the floor free from obstructions, or slip hazards
6) Follow job specifications for the speed, feed and depth of cut for materials being turned. Make sure all work
runs true and centered.
7) Centre-drill work deeply enough to provide support for the piece while it is turning.
8) Secure and clamp the piece being worked.
9) Use a barrier guard when operating the lathe in semi-automatic or automatic mode.
10) Keep working surface clean of scraps, tools and materials
SAFETY PRINCIPLES WHEN USING THE MACHINE
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3. INTRODUCTION TO CNC
• Numerical Control is the automation of
machine tools that are operated by
programmed commands encoded on
storage medium, as opposed to controlled
manually.
• This system used to make end-to-end
component design by the help of computer
which runs by CAD And CAM programs.
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4. FOR WHAT….?
• Replacement for LATHE MACHINE
• Time and manpower are saved
• Easy to handle
• Effective outcomes and smoothness of
work piece
• High accurate outcomes
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5. CONTROL, DRIVES & SOFTWARE - A PERFECT
COMBINATION
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6. WORK PIECE
CUTING
TOOL(CARBON
INSERT)
COOLENT
COOLENT
VALVE
HAND HELD
CONTROLLER
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7. INPUT DEVICE
MACHINE
CONTROL UNIT
FEEDBACK DEVICE
DRIVING SYSTEM
DISPLAY UNIT
MACHINE TOOL
PART
PROGRAMMES
POSITION
FEEDBACK
VELOCITY
FEEDBACK
MOTION DATA
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CNC MACHINE
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8. A CNC machine consist of following 06 major elements
• Input Device
• Machine Control Unit
• Machine Tool
• Driving System
• Feedback Devices
• Display Unit
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9. CONTROL PANEL
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10. Tool nose radius
Insert –ISO Nomenclature
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11. 11

12. PROGRAM which is consists of
• Information about part geometry
• Motion statement to move the cutting tool
• Cutting speed
• Feed
• Auxiliary functions such as coolant on and off,
spindle direction
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13. Types of coordinate systems
1. Machine coordinate system
2. Work-piece coordinate system
(Absolute coordinate system)
3. Relative coordinate system
4. Residual coordinate system
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14. 14

15. 15

16. 16

17. 17

18. 18

19. 19

20. Types of Address
1 Program Number:
O_____________ It is the start of the program, which is distinguished
by a number (usually four digits), and in some cases it may have a role as a
program file name.
2 Sequence number:
N_____________ It is the number that is attached to the beginning of a
program command, block. It is used to search, organize, and direct multiple
blocks. The expansion number is not necessarily attached, so it may be
omitted in some cases.
3 Preparatory Function: G□□ (G00 ~ G99)
The preparation function is called G function because it consists of a number
indicating the function after the address 'G' as a command to indicate the
shape or nature of the motion (Geometric Command) when the machining
center is operating. This function acts as a keyword in the command (one
block) of the CNC program.
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21. 4 Coordinate Word: Unit: mm (input μm for integer input)
X_____________ Y_____________ Z_____________ I_____________
J_____________ K_____________ R_____________ U_____________
V_____________W_____________ (in case of lathe) A_____________
B_____________ C_____________ (in case of rotating shaft)
5 Feed−rate Function: F_____________ (unit: mm/min
(integer input))
The feed function is to set the feed speed of the table, saddle, and spindle head
when cutting, and command the feed rate following address 'F'.
6 Spindle Function: S_____________(unit: rpm (rev/min))The
spindle function is a function to set the spindle speed and directs the number of
revolutions (rpm).
7 Tool Function: T_____________(Usually 2 digits specify the
tool number)The tool function is the tool call reference function which
commands the tool number (01 ~ 99, 00 is the tool function cancel) of the tool
following the address 'T'.
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22. 8 Miscellaneous Function:
M□□(M00 ~ M99)It is a control to turn on/off the motors or switches that
operate the various miscellaneous functions or technical functions of the machining
center, and mainly operates through sequence control.
9 Tool offset or Compensation number designation:
H_____________(length compensation number) D_____________(radius
compensation number)
10 Dwell: unit sec
P_____________ (Integer input, unit: 0.001sec)X_____________ (decimal input,
unit: sec)Since machining centers have different lengths and radii for each tool, the
actual dimensions for the tool's calibration number are stored in a separate tool
calibration storage location, and the program calls for the calibration number.
11 Other address:
P______ Q______ R______ L______ etc Appropriate variables are
12 EOB (End Of Block)
:" ; "It represent the end of block. As a result, the G function (preparation function)
can be usedto understand the specific usage and format of various kinds of
addresses.(example) N_____ G______ X______ Y______ F______ S______ T______
M______; 22

23. 23

24. 24

25. 25

26. 26
PREVIWE BEFORE MACHINNING PROCESS

27. Facing operation
O1234;
N01 G28 U0.0 W0.0;
N02 G40 G50 S800;
N03 G21 G90 G99;
N04 T0101;
N05 G96 M08 M03 ;
N06 G54 G0 X52.0 Z 2.0;
N07 G01Z0.0 F.2;
N08 G01 X-1.5;
N09 G00 X50.0Z2.0;
N10 G0 U0.0 W0.0;
N11 M30;
O1234;
N01 G28 U0.0 W0.0;
N02 G40 G50 S800;
N03 G21 G90 G99;
N04 T0101;
N05 G97 S500 M03 M08 ;
N06 G54 G0 X50.0 Z 2.0;
N07 G01Z -40.0 F0.2;
N08 G01 X52.0;
N09 G28 U0.0 W0.0
N10 M30
Turning operation
N01 G28 U0 W0;
N02 G50 S2000 T0101;
N03 G96 S200 M03;
N04 G00 X61.0 Z2.0 M8
N05 G90 X55.0 W–42.0
F0.25
N06 X50.0
N07 X45.0
N08 X40.0
N09 Z-12.0 R-1.75
N10 Z-26.0 R-3.5
N11 Z-40 R-5.25
N12 G30 U0 W0
N13 M30
G90 Turning cycle
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28. 28
WHAT WE HAVE DONE…?

29. 29
CODING INTERFACE

30. 30
COMBINE OPERATION OF OUTER SURFACE
TASK 01

31. 31
O0007
N01 G28U0.0W0.0
N02 T0101
N03 G50S600
N04 G21G99
N05 G96S600M03
N06 G00G54X38.0Z0.0
N07 G01X-1.0F0.2
N08 G28U0.0W0.0
N09 P0202
N10 G00G54X38.0Z2.0
N11 G71U0.5R1.0
N12 G71P13Q20U0.1W0.1F0.2
N13 G00X1.0Z1.0
CODE FOR OUTER SURFACE OPERATIONS WHICH WE MADE
N14 G03X16.0Z-8.0R8
N15 G01X16.0Z-14.0
N16 G01X21.5Z-14.0
N17 G01X24.0Z-16
N18 G01X34.0Z-30.0
N19 G01X34.0Z-65.0
N20 G01X34.0Z-65.0
N21 G70P13Q20
N22 G80
N23 G28U0.0W0.0
N24 M05
N25 T0404
N26 G50S400
N27 G96S400M03

32. 32
N41 G76X21.5Z-28.0P1500Q100F2.5
N42 G80
N43 G28U0.0W0.0
N44 M05
N45 G40G50S400
N46 T0404
N47 G96S400M03
N48 G54G0X35.0Z2.0
N49 G00X35.0Z-64.0
N50 G75R1.0
N51 G75X8.0Z-64.0P100Q500F0.05
N52 G80
N53 G28U0.0W0.0
N54 M05
N55M30
N28 G00X26.0Z-30.0
N29 G01X18.0Z-30.0F0.05
N30 G00X26.0Z-30.0
N30 G00X26.0Z-29.0
N31 G00X26.0Z-29.0
N32 G80
N33 G28U0.0W0.0
N34 M05
N35 T0303
N36 G40G50S150
N37 G97S150M03
N38 G54G0X25.0Z-13.0
N39 G00X25.0Z-13.0
N40 G76P040060Q100R0.0
CONTINUE CODE

33. 33

34. 34
COMBINE OPERATION OF INNER SURFACE
TASK 02

35. 35
CODE FOR BORING OPERATION WHICH WE MADE
N01 G28U0.0WO.0
N02 T0.01
N03 G50S600
N04 G21G90G99
N05 G96S600M03
N06 G00G54X52.0Z0.0
N07 G01X20.0F0.2
N08 G28U0.0W0.0
N09 T0.02
N10 G00G54X52.0Z2.0
N11 G71UO.5R1.0
N12 G71P13Q15U0.1W0.1F0.2
N13 G00X48.0Z1.0
N14 G01X48.0Z0.0
N15 G01X48.0Z-55.0
N16 G70P13Q15
N17 G80
N18 G28U0.0W0.0
N19 T0303
N20 G00G54X50.0Z2.0
N21 G01X25.0Z0.0
N22 G01X25.0Z-52.0
N23 G00X24.5
N24 G00Z2.0
N25 G01X26.0F0.2
N26 G01Z-30.0F0.2
N27 G00X25.5
N28 G00Z2.0
N29 G01X27.0F0.2
N30 G01Z-30.0F0.2
N31 G00X26.5
N32 G00Z2.0
N33 G01X28.0F0.2
N34 G01Z-30.0F0.2
N35 G00X27.5
N36 G00Z2.0
N37 G01X29.0F0.2
N38 G01Z-30.0F0.2
N39 G00X28.0
N40 G00Z2.0
N41 G01X30.0F0.2
N42 G01Z-30.0F0.2
N43 G00X29.5

36. 36
N44 G00Z2.0
N45 G01X32.0F0.2
N46 G01Z-14.4F0.2
N47 G00X31.5
N48 G00Z2.0
N49 G01X34.0F0.2
N50 G01Z-10.8F0.2
N51 G00X33.5
N52 G00Z2.0
N53 G01X36.0F0.2
N54 G01Z-7.2F0.2
N55 G002X35.5
N56 G00Z2.0
N57 G01X38.0F0.2
N58 G01Z-3.6F0.2
N59 G00X37.5
N60 G00Z2.0
N61 G01X40.0Z0.0F0.2
N63 G01X30.0Z-18.0F0.2
N64 G01X30.0X-30.0F0.2
N65 G01X25.0Z-30.0F0.2
N66 G01X25.0Z-52.0F0.2
N67 G01X24.5Z2.0
N68 G28U0.0W0.0
N69 M05
N70 G40G50S400
N71 T0404
N72 G96S400M03
N73 G54G0X50.0Z2.0
N74 G00X49.0Z-53.7
N75 G75R1.0
N76 G75X24.0Z-53.7P100Q500F0.05
N77 G80
N78 G28U0.0W0.0
N79 M05
N80 M30
CONTINUE CODE

37. Preventive Maintenance Routine
1. Daily care
•Check lubrication level and ensure it’s at the right operating level
•Clean out chips
•Clean the machine
2. 3-month or 500 hours
•Check, clean or replace the filters on the coolant tank
3. 6 months or 1000 hours
•Clean the coolant tank
•Remove and clean chuck and jaws
•Drain and clean lubrication unit and add fresh lube
•Check and adjust your machine leveling
•Inspect, clean, and replace wipers
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38. THANK YOU
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