Clinical supervision is the most commonly used type of supervision by school administrators to their teachers. It undergoes three stages which include pre-observation conference, observation, and post-observation conference.

1. What is the purpose of supervision?
Supervision can help create a more
supportive, caring and positive working
environment as it provides a space for
regular communication, problem solving
and increased team working.

2. 3 Types of Supervision
1. Administrative
 The most basic function of administrative supervision is
to ensure that work is performed, it is a learning
process involving face to face regularly scheduled
conferences with a qualified social worker
administration, designed to promote the development
of professional responsibility, knowledge, skill and
ethical conduct in the administration of social work or
human service.

3. 3 Types of Supervision
2. Clinical (also called
educational supervision)

4. 3 Types of Supervision
3. Supportive Supervision
 Is a process of helping staff to improve their
own work performed continuously. It is carried
out in a respectful and non-authoritarian way
with a focus on using a supervisory visits as an
opportunity to improve knowledge and skills of
health staff.

5. Principles of Supervision includes
1. Keeping employees happy and productive –
it requires that you pay attention to
employees engagement and take steps to
foster teamwork.
2. Critical ingredient to supervising effectively is
understanding the culture of the organization
in which you work.

7. s

8. factor

9. The most practical and
acceptable approach is. . .
For the school head to provide leadership that will permit
teachers to work together in a NON-THREATENING , HIGH
EXPECTATION CLIMATE OF CONSTANT IMPROVEMENT where
they can realize their accomplishments themselves.

11. teaching

13. -
-

14. Pre-Observation Questions
How can I be of help to you?
What specifically do you wish me to look for?
What specifically do you wish me to know?
Is there a particular student/pupil you would like me to
watch?
What are your objectives and expectations for the lesson?
How long would you like me to observe?
When can we get together after the lesson?
What do you want me to focus on my observation? Why?

15. actual events.

18. questions
questions
higher

19. -
learner-centered?
Why do you say so?
assignment

20. -

21. met?
met?
Were

27. Four Approach
The Directive Control Approach
The Directive Informational Approach
The Collaborative Approach
The Nondirective Approach

28. Directive Control
Approach
The Supervisor/Principal emphasizes
the behaviors of clarifying, presenting,
directing, demonstrating,
standardizing, and reinforcing in
developing an assignment for the
teacher.

29. Directive
Informational Approach
The Supervisor/Principal emphasizes
clarifying, presenting, directing,
demonstrating, standardizing, and
reinforcing in recommending options
for the teacher to choose from and to
commit to.

30. Collaborative Approach
The behaviors of presenting, clarifying,
listening, problem solving and
negotiating are used to develop a
contact between the teacher and the
Principal/Supervisor.

31. Nondirective Approach
The behavior of listening, encouraging,
clarifying, presenting, and problem
solving are used to create a teacher self
plan.

32. Listening
“uh”
“umm”
Nodding
Thumbs up

33. Clarifying
Do you mean that…
Would you explain this further?
I’m confused about this…
I lost you on…
You lost me…

34. Encouraging
Yes I’m following you
Continue on…
Ah, I see what you’re saying--- tell
me more…

35. Reflecting
I understand that you mean…
So, the issue is…
I hear you saying…

36. Presenting
This is how I see it.
What can be done is
I’d like us to consider…
I believe that…

37. Problem Solving
Let’s stop and write down what can
be done.
What ideas do we have to solve this
problem.
Let’s think of all possible action we
can take.

38. Negotiating
Were do we agree?
How can we change that action to
be acceptable to all?
Can we find a compromise that will
give each of us part of what we
want?

39. Directing
As I see it, are the alternatives: you
could do A, B, or C, Which of these
makes the most sense to you and
which will you use?
I’ve decided that we will do…
I want you to do…

40. Directing
The policy will be…
This is how its going to be.
We will then proceed as follows.

41. Standardizing
By next Monday, we want to see…
Report back to me on this change
by…
Have this two activities carried by…
I want an improvement of 25%
involvement by next meeting.

42. Standardizing
We have agreed that all tasks will
be done before the next
observation.

43. Reinforcing
I know you can do it.
I have confidence in your ability.
I want to show others what you
have done.