Download to read offline
Class 2 Paragraph Writing TOPIC SENTENCES.pptx
- 1. PARAGRAPH WRITING BITS F112 TECHNICALREPORT WRITING Class 2 May 2022
- 2. WHAT ARE PARAGRAPHS? Writtenwork is divided into paragraphs in a meaningful way. A paragraph is a group of sentences that develop one topic or idea. The topic of one paragraph should follow logically from the topic of the last paragraph and should lead on to the topic of the next paragraph.
- 3. PARTS OF APARAGRAPH The topic sentence The supporting sentences The concluding sentence
- 4. THE MAIN IDEAOF A PARAGRAPH Main idea about the topic = most important idea E.g. Switzerland is a very interesting country to visit.
- 5.
- 6. TOPIC SENTENCE A well-organizedparagraph supports or develops a single controlling idea, which is expressed in a sentence called the topic sentence. It lets the reader know what the paragraph is about. A topic sentence has several important functions: it substantiates or supports an essay’s thesis statement; it unifies the content of a paragraph and directs the order of the sentences; and it advises the reader of the subject to be discussed and how the paragraph will discuss it. Readers generally look to the first few sentences in a paragraph to determine the subject and perspective of the paragraph. That’s why it’s often best to put the topic sentence at the very beginning of the paragraph.
- 7. CHARACTERISTICS OF ATOPIC SENTENCE - this is not to be confused with the title or heading of a piece of writing - usually is the first sentence in a paragraph - gives the writer’s main idea or opinion about the topic and helps the reader understand what the paragraph is going to talk about
- 8. EXAMPLE 1 Notice thetopic sentence in the following paragraph. Correlation is a statistical technique that is used to measure and describe a relationship between two variables. Usually the two variables are simply observed as they exist naturally in the environment - there is no attempt to control or manipulate the variables. For example, a researcher interested in the relationship between nutrition and IQ could observe (and record) the dietary patterns for a group of preschool children and then measure IQ scores for the same group. Notice that the researcher is not trying to manipulate the children's diet or IQ, but is simply observing what occurs naturally. You also should notice that a correlation requires two scores for each individual (one score from each of the two variables). These scores normally are identified as X and Y. The pairs of scores can be listed in a table, or they can be presented graphically in a scatterplot. In the scatterplot, the X values are placed on the horizontal axis of a graph, and the V values are placed on the vertical axis. Each individual is then identified by a single point on the graph so that the coordinates of the point (the X and V values) match the individual's X score and Y score. The value of the scatterplot is that it allows you to see the nature of the relationship. (F. J. Gravetter and L. B. Wallnau (1996). Statistics for the behavioral sciences.)
- 9. READ THE GIVENPARAGRAPH If you dream of travelling to a country with beautiful mountains, delicious food, wonderful places to go sightseeing and polite people, you should visit Switzerland. If you look at the map, the first thing you notice is that Switzerland has many mountains, including some of the highest in Europe. Climbing or skiing clown the mountains is great fun. Another thing you will notice is that Switzerland shares its borders with five different countries: France, Germany, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. In fact, there are four official languages in Switzerland: German, French, Italian and Romansch. All these groups of people make Swiss culture very interesting. Finally, Switzerland has many cities and interesting places to visit. Cities such as Bern have modern buildings like the Paul Klee Zentrum, yet the tradition al alpine refuges in the mountains show that the country's old traditions are still alive. All the people, places and things to see definitely make Switzerland a great place for a holiday.
- 10. QUESTIONS What is thetopic of the paragraph? What is the main idea about the topic? What ideas help explain the main idea?
- 11. EXERCISES Class Material: “The Structureof a Paragraph”
- 12. SUPPLY A TOPICSENTENCE (1) ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------- In 1851 their average size was 4.7, roughly the same as it had been in the seventeenth century, but the 1½ million couples who married during the 1860s, which the historian G. M. Young described as the best decade in English history to have been brought up in, raised the figure to 6.2. Only one out of eight families had one or two children, while one in six had ten or more, so that the counsel 'little children should be seen and not heard' was prudent rather than simply authoritarian advice.
- 13. SUPPLY A TOPICSENTENCE (2) ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- The north was particularly thinly settled and the east densely populated, but even in counties like Warwickshire where there were substantial populations, some woodland areas were sparsely peopled. There was already relatively dense settlement in the prime arable areas of the country like Norfolk, Suffolk and Leicestershire. Modern estimates of England's total population, extrapolated from Domesday patterns, vary between 1 and 3 million.
- 14. WRITE A TOPICSENTENCE FOR THESE TOPICS A) a favourite place to relax B) playing a musical instrument C) A pet I have known
- 15.