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Class 12 history IMP Personalities.pdffh
- 1. Class 12 HistoryMOST Personalities For Boards
- 2. Bricks Beads andBones 1
- 3. Alexander Cunningham ▪ FoundedASI in 1861 ▪ First DG of ASI ▪ Harappan seals reached him in 1870s but he failed to interpret Dayaram Sahni ▪ Excavated Harappa in 1921 Rakhal Das Banerjee ▪ Excavated Mohenjodaro in 1922 John Marshall ▪ Director general of ASI ▪ First Professional Archaeologist to work as DG of ASI ▪ Announced the discovery of Harappan civilization in 1924
- 4. S N Roy ▪Author of book “The story of Indian Archaeology” R E M Wheeler ▪ Became DG of ASI in 1944 ▪ Implemented Stratigraphy in Archaeology ▪ Accused Indra for devastation of Harappan civilization
- 5. Kings Farmers andTowns 2
- 6. James Prinsep ▪ Officerin mint of EIC ▪ Deciphered Brahmi and Kharosthi script Chandragupta Maurya ▪ Founded Mauryan empire in 321 BCE Chanakya ▪ Prime Minister of Chandragupta Maurya ▪ Author of Arthashastra Megasthenes ▪ Greek Ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya ▪ Author of Indica
- 7. Ashoka ▪ Mauryan Emperor ▪Also known as Devnampiya and Piyadassi ▪ First emperor to install inscriptions Samudragupta ▪ Ruler of Gupta Empire ▪ Prayaga Prashasti is dedicated to him Harisena ▪ Court poet of Samudragupta ▪ Written Prayaga Prashasti Rudradaman ▪ Shaka ruler ▪ Repaired Sudarshan Lake
- 8. Prabhavati Gupta ▪ VakatakaQueen ▪ Daughter of Chandragupta 2nd from Gupta dynasty ▪ Controlled Vakataka kingdom and issued land grants Banabhatta ▪ Court poet of Harshvardhana ▪ Author of Harshacharita Xuan Zang ▪ Chinese traveler ▪ Visited India during Harshvardhan in 7th century
- 9. Kinship Caste andClass 3
- 10. V S Sukthankar ▪Sanskrit Scholar ▪ Initiated Critical Edition of Mahabharata in 1919 Gotami Putra Satakarni ▪ Satavahana ruler ▪ Held title of “destroyer of pride of Kshatriya” ▪ Entered into marriage alliance with Rudradaman Dronacharya ▪ Guru of Pandava and Kaurava ▪ Refused Ekalavya from teaching archery
- 11. Dhritarashtra ▪ Father ofKauravas ▪ King of Hastinapur ▪ Married to Gandhari Hidimba ▪ A Rakshasi ▪ Wife of Bhima ▪ Mother of Ghatotkacha Fa Xian ▪ Chinese traveler who visited India in 5th century CE ▪ Provided details about Chandal B B Lal ▪ Archaeologist ▪ Excavation of Hastinapur in Meerut
- 12. Thinkers Beliefs andBuildings 4
- 13. Shah Jahan Begum ▪Ruler of Bhopal ▪ Preserved Sanchi Stupa Sultan Jahan Begum ▪ Ruler of Bhopal ▪ She funded the museum ▪ She funded research of John Marshall on Sanchi stupa John Marshall ▪ Published research volumes on Sanchi stupa ▪ Dedicated his volumes to Sultan Jahan Begum
- 14. Makkhali Gosala ▪ Founderof Ajivika sect ▪ Believed in Fatalism ▪ Contemporary of Buddha Ajith Keshkamblin ▪ Belonged to Lokayata Sect ▪ Believed in Materialism Ajatshatru ▪ Ruler of Magadha ▪ Contemporary of Buddha, Mahavir Swami, Makkhali Gosala
- 15. Mahavira Swami ▪ Bornas Vardhamana ▪ 24thTirthankar of Jainism Gautam Buddha ▪ Born as Siddartha in Sakya Clan ▪ Founder of Buddhism ▪ Also known as tathagata Mahaprajapati Gotami ▪ Foster mother of Buddha ▪ First women to Join Sangha Ananda ▪ Disciple of Buddha ▪ Persuaded him to allow women into Sangh
- 16. Ashoka ▪ Mauryan empire ▪An ardent follower of Buddha ▪ Order construction of stupas at Sanchi, Bharhut, Sarnath Colin Mackenzie ▪ A British Official ▪ Visited Amravati and made drawings of Stupa which were never published Waltor Elliot ▪ Commissioner of Guntur ▪ Took the sculpture of Amravati to his house H H Cole ▪ British official ▪ Suggested in-situ preservation for Amravati stupa
- 17. Through The eyesof travellers 5
- 18. Al Biruni ▪ Travelerfrom Central Asia (Khwarezm) ▪ Visited India in 11th century AD ▪ Author of Kitab-ul-Hindi Marco Polo ▪ Italian Traveler from Venice ▪ Travelled as far as China Ibn Battuta ▪ Traveller from Tangier (Morocco) ▪ Visited India in 14th century ▪ Author of Rihala
- 19. Jean Baptiste Tavernier ▪Traveler from France ▪ Visited India 6 times ▪ compared India to Iran and the Ottoman empire. Nicolao Manucci ▪ Traveler from Italy ▪ He was a doctor ▪ He came India and settled here Francois Bernier ▪ Traveler of France ▪ Visited India in 17th century (1656-68) ▪ Author of “Travels in Mogul Empire”.
- 20. Md Bin Tughlaq ▪Ruler of Delhi ▪ Contemporary of Battuta Montesquieu ▪ French Philosopher ▪ Proposed the concept of Oriental Despotism Karl Marx ▪ European Philosopher ▪ Proposed the idea of Asiatic mode of Production
- 21. Bhakti and SufiTraditions 6
- 22. Andal ▪ Appar femaleSaint ▪ Considered Lord Vishnu as her lover Kariakkal Ammiyar ▪ Nayanar female saint ▪ Defied the feminine norms ▪ Devotee of Lord shiva ▪ Followed extreme penance Robert Redfield ▪ He was a sociologist ▪ Proposed idea of Great and little tradition
- 23. Parantaka 1 ▪ CholaRuler of 10th century AD ▪ Consecrated images of Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar in a Shiva temple in 945 AD Basavanna ▪ Founder of Lingayat tradition ▪ Rejected temple worship ▪ Promoted post puberty marriage and widow remarriage Abu’l Hasan Al Hujwiri ▪ Also known as Data Ganj Baksh ▪ Wrote Kashf-ul-Mahjub
- 24. Shaikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakar ▪Known as Baba Farid ▪ His verses are included in Guru Granth Sahib ▪ His dargah is located in Ajodhan Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya ▪ A Chishti saint ▪ Known as sultan-ul-mashaikh ▪ His dargah is located in Delhi Shaikh Nasiruddin ▪ Disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya ▪ Also known as Chiragh-i-Dehlavi ▪ His tomb is located Jahanara Begum ▪ Daughter of Shah Jahan ▪ Author of Munis-Al-Arwah
- 25. Amir Khusrau ▪ Discipleof Nizamuddin Auliya ▪ Poet and introducer of Qaul Sant Kabir ▪ A Nirguna saint born in Varanasi ▪ His verses are included in Adi Granth sahib ▪ Known for his ultabansi Baba Guru Nanak ▪ Founder and first guru of Sikhism ▪ Preached Nirguna Bhakti
- 26. Guru Arjan Dev ▪Fifth Guru of Sikhism ▪ Compiled Adi Granth Sahib Guru Govind Singh ▪ 10th Guru of Sikhism ▪ Compiled Guru Granth Sahib ▪ Founded Khalsa Panth in 1699 Mirabai ▪ Queen of Mewar ▪ Devotee of Lord Krishna ▪ Disciple of Ravidas Ravidas ▪ His verses are included in Adi granth Sahib ▪ Mentor of Mirabai Shankardeva ▪ Vaishnava saint from Assam ▪ Composed Kirtanghosha
- 27. An Imperial CapitalVijayanagara 7
- 28. Colin Mackenzie ▪ Engineerand Antiquarian ▪ First Surveyor General of India ▪ Discovered Hampi in 1800 Krishna Deva raya ▪ Ruler of Vijayanagar ▪ Belonged to Tuluva Dynasty ▪ Hold title of “Establisher of Yavana Kingdom” ▪ Written Amuktamalyada Rama Raya ▪ Responsible for Battle of talikota Abdur Razzaq ▪ Persian traveler ▪ Gave us details about fortification Domingo Paes ▪ Portuguese Traveler ▪ Compared Vijayanagara with Rome ▪ Addressed Vijayanagara as “the best provided city in world”
- 29. Lord Virupaksha ▪ Incarnationof Lord Shiva ▪ Guardian deity of Vijayanagara
- 30. Peasants Zamindar andstate 8
- 31. Abu’l Fazl ▪ Mughalemperor ▪ Banned Tobacco Jean Baptiste Tavernier ▪ French Traveler ▪ Gave details about role of Shroffs Akbar ▪ Mughal Emperor ▪ Abu’l Fazal was his court historian ▪ Tobacco was introduced during his reign Jahangir ▪ Author of Ain-i-Akbari ▪ Court chronicler of Mughal Empire
- 32.
- 33. Charles Cornwallis ▪ Physicianof Wellesley ▪ Provides information of agriculture, minerals and revenue ▪ Organized Calcutta-Alipore zoo Augustus Cleveland ▪ Collector of Bhagalpur ▪ Launched Policy of Pacification Sidhu Manjhi ▪ Leader of Santhal rebellion Francois Buchanan ▪ Governor General of India ▪ Introduced Permanent Settlement system in 1793 ▪ Economist ▪ His theory influenced Ryotwari settlement David Ricardo
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- 35. Bahadur Shah Zafar ▪Zamindar from Bihar ▪ Led revolt from Arrah Rani Laxmibai ▪ Queen of Jhansi ▪ Led the revolt from Jhansi Nana Sahib 2nd ▪ Successor of Bajirao 2nd ▪ Led revolt from Kanpur Kunwar Singh ▪ Mughal emperor ▪ Leader of revolt of 1857 ▪ Wife of Wajid Ali Shah ▪ Led revolt from Avadh Begum Hazarat Mahal
- 36. Nawab Wajid AliShah ▪ Governor general of EIC ▪ Known for Modernization of British Army William Bentick ▪ Governor General of EIC ▪ Introduced Western Education Dalhousie ▪ Governor general of EIC ▪ Annexed Awadh on the basis of Misgovernance ▪ Known for annexation of Indian states Henry Hardinge ▪ Nawab of Avadh ▪ Deposed in 1856 by Dalhousie ▪ He was exiled to Bengal ▪ Governor general of EIC ▪ Introduced Subsidiary alliance Wellesley
- 37. Mahatma Gandhi andNationalist Movement 11
- 38. Gopal Krishna Gokhale ▪Socialist leader in Congress ▪ Engaged in underground activities during Quit India Movement Sardar Patel ▪ Leader of Congress ▪ Led Bardoli Satyagraha Kamla Devi Chattopadhya ▪ Leader of Congress ▪ Persuaded Gandhiji to allow participation of women in civil disobedience movement Jayaprakash Narayan ▪ Moderate leader in Congress ▪ Mentor of Gandhiji ▪ Became President of Congress in 1929 ▪ Author of excerpt “a bunch of old letters”. Jawahar Lal Nehru
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- 40. Jawahar Lal Nehru ▪First Home Minister of India ▪ Member of Advisory Committee B R Ambedkar ▪ Law Minister of India ▪ Chairman of Drafting Committee Rajendra Prasad ▪ President of Constituent Assembly Sardar Patel ▪ First Prime Minister of India ▪ Proposed Objective Resolution on 13 Dec 1946 ▪ Proposed the design of National flag ▪ Civil Servant ▪ Constitutional Advisor of India B N Rau
- 41. B Pocker bahadur ▪Female member of Assembly from UP ▪ Was not in favour of Separate electorate Jaipal Singh ▪ Member of constituent assembly ▪ Represented Tribals R V Dhulekar ▪ Member of Constituent assembly ▪ Proposed a plea to make Hindi as National Language Begam Aizaz Rasool ▪ Leader from Madras ▪ Initiated demand for Separate electorate in Independent India ▪ Female member of Assembly from Bombay ▪ Talked about Rights of women Hansa Mehta
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