The document discusses definitions and measurements of civic capital. It examines how civic capital is accumulated through intergenerational transmission, education, and socialization. Surveys and experiments are used to directly measure values and beliefs that comprise civic capital. Indirect measures include economic development and consistency with models of belief transmission. The document concludes civic capital has clear investment and accumulation processes and economic effects through cooperation.
Analysis of the paper by Guiso,L., Sapienza,P. & Zingales, L., 2010. Civic Capital as the Missing Link. NBER Working Paper n.15845; International Economics & Finance Course.
The document discusses how Guardian Life Insurance Company has maintained strong financial ratings and returns during the market downturn, noting their excellent capital ratios, operating margins, dividend payments, and whole life policy values compared to peers. It emphasizes Guardian's commitment to policyholders as mutually owned companies have held steady or increased statutory surpluses without government assistance, and that Guardian has a well-diversified investment portfolio designed to manage risk.
Social Finance brings together social and financial expertise to increase funding for social impact. They support social investors and organizations to explore financing options, creating solutions to help them achieve their aims. Their advisory and capital-raising services are informed by research and market intelligence, with the goal of accelerating the development of the UK social investment market through innovation and rigor.
Funeral insurance in Australia provides a policy that pays out a set amount of money upon the policyholder's death to cover funeral costs. The payout can be used to pay funeral bills directly or provide funds to the deceased's family. Premiums are paid periodically over the policyholder's lifetime. The cost of the policy depends on factors like the policyholder's age, health, and the size of the payout. Having funeral insurance ensures families are not left struggling with unexpected funeral costs that they cannot afford after a loved one's passing.
The document discusses how consumers are increasingly demanding that the products they purchase stand for social causes. It notes that people feel a need to contribute to something greater in their communities and find meaning through their purchasing decisions. The document proposes that brands partner with social programs to promote those causes through marketing on everyday consumer products. This allows people to express their support through their regular purchases from trusted brands. Statistics are presented showing high levels of consumer interest in and loyalty toward brands that demonstrate social responsibility.
El documento describe el proceso de planificación estratégica y los valores éticos y de responsabilidad social que deben considerarse. Explica que las reuniones de planificación estratégica deben realizarse de manera transparente, independiente y respetuosa para considerar el impacto en las partes interesadas y tomar decisiones justas que beneficien a la sociedad.
Este documento discute cómo los juegos interactivos en inglés pueden ser una innovadora herramienta de enseñanza para niños pequeños. Argumenta que los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales en México son obsoletos y que la educación necesita cambios urgentes, los cuales pueden encontrarse a través de la tecnología y el aprendizaje eficiente. Los juegos interactivos atraen la atención de los niños mientras les enseñan inglés de manera digerible y sencilla.
This document discusses building platforms that people want through entrepreneur meetups and creating digital or physical platforms. It provides the example of "Coffee Downtown", a weekly meetup with free coffee that was created with no initial investment just to get rid of extra coffee and meet new people. The meetup was successful, averaging 10-15 attendees per week. After continuing for 3 months until the coffee ran out, the organizers invested $53 in a new coffee maker and coffee. Each person only cost around $0.165 to provide coffee for, and the meetup converted coffee drinkers into $2,297 in customers, providing a high return on investment. The document advocates letting customers provide feedback and engaging with them to build platforms through repetition
Analysis of the paper by Guiso,L., Sapienza,P. & Zingales, L., 2010. Civic Capital as the Missing Link. NBER Working Paper n.15845; International Economics & Finance Course.
The document discusses how Guardian Life Insurance Company has maintained strong financial ratings and returns during the market downturn, noting their excellent capital ratios, operating margins, dividend payments, and whole life policy values compared to peers. It emphasizes Guardian's commitment to policyholders as mutually owned companies have held steady or increased statutory surpluses without government assistance, and that Guardian has a well-diversified investment portfolio designed to manage risk.
Social Finance brings together social and financial expertise to increase funding for social impact. They support social investors and organizations to explore financing options, creating solutions to help them achieve their aims. Their advisory and capital-raising services are informed by research and market intelligence, with the goal of accelerating the development of the UK social investment market through innovation and rigor.
Funeral insurance in Australia provides a policy that pays out a set amount of money upon the policyholder's death to cover funeral costs. The payout can be used to pay funeral bills directly or provide funds to the deceased's family. Premiums are paid periodically over the policyholder's lifetime. The cost of the policy depends on factors like the policyholder's age, health, and the size of the payout. Having funeral insurance ensures families are not left struggling with unexpected funeral costs that they cannot afford after a loved one's passing.
The document discusses how consumers are increasingly demanding that the products they purchase stand for social causes. It notes that people feel a need to contribute to something greater in their communities and find meaning through their purchasing decisions. The document proposes that brands partner with social programs to promote those causes through marketing on everyday consumer products. This allows people to express their support through their regular purchases from trusted brands. Statistics are presented showing high levels of consumer interest in and loyalty toward brands that demonstrate social responsibility.
El documento describe el proceso de planificación estratégica y los valores éticos y de responsabilidad social que deben considerarse. Explica que las reuniones de planificación estratégica deben realizarse de manera transparente, independiente y respetuosa para considerar el impacto en las partes interesadas y tomar decisiones justas que beneficien a la sociedad.
Este documento discute cómo los juegos interactivos en inglés pueden ser una innovadora herramienta de enseñanza para niños pequeños. Argumenta que los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales en México son obsoletos y que la educación necesita cambios urgentes, los cuales pueden encontrarse a través de la tecnología y el aprendizaje eficiente. Los juegos interactivos atraen la atención de los niños mientras les enseñan inglés de manera digerible y sencilla.
This document discusses building platforms that people want through entrepreneur meetups and creating digital or physical platforms. It provides the example of "Coffee Downtown", a weekly meetup with free coffee that was created with no initial investment just to get rid of extra coffee and meet new people. The meetup was successful, averaging 10-15 attendees per week. After continuing for 3 months until the coffee ran out, the organizers invested $53 in a new coffee maker and coffee. Each person only cost around $0.165 to provide coffee for, and the meetup converted coffee drinkers into $2,297 in customers, providing a high return on investment. The document advocates letting customers provide feedback and engaging with them to build platforms through repetition
The document discusses electricity and the different forms of energy it can be converted into. It explains that electricity powers many appliances in homes and has become essential to daily life. Examples are given of mains electricity and batteries providing electrical energy that is then converted by appliances into heat, light, sound, and movement energy through processes like warming food, lighting rooms, playing music, and powering motors. Students are asked to identify examples of appliances that convert electricity into these different types of energy.
The document is a repetitive list of text stating "Presented by www.ziaraat.com" over 50 times without any other details, context, or information provided. It does not appear to be an actual document but rather a list solely attributing the same text to the website www.ziaraat.com repeatedly.
The document provides information about several media companies and organizations. It discusses The Walt Disney Company, Paramount Pictures, Lions Gate Entertainment, and Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. as major film and television studios. It also mentions various roles in filmmaking like camera operators, location scouts, foley artists, and directors. It provides details about different radio stations in the UK like BBC, Heart, and Global as well as roles involved in radio like radio traffic managers, broadcast journalists, radio DJs, radio producers, and owners. It discusses newspapers like The Sun, Daily Mirror, and News of the World. It also covers topics like websites, Facebook, Instagram, and the founders of Facebook - Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo S
Semantic web approach towards interoperability and privacy issues in social n...ijwscjournal
The Social Web is a set of social relations that link people through World Wide Web. This Social Web
encompasses how the websites and software are designed and developed to support social relations. The
new paradigms, tools and web services introduced by Social Web are widely accepted by internet users.
The main drawbacks of these tools are it acts as independent data silos; hence interoperability among
applications is a complex issue. This paper focuses on this issue and how best we can use semantic web
technologies to achieve interoperability among applications.
Citizen X is on trial for breaching Section X of the Criminal Code. The prosecution will call witnesses X, Y, and Z to testify, and will present evidence Link to show that Citizen X committed the offense outlined in the indictment. If successful, the prosecution will prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Citizen X is guilty of the criminal offense.
This webinar is part of the activities related to the Pathway Open Access : Repositories and Publishers, and organized by the CIARD Community.
*About the webinar*
The Open Science journal F1000Research was launched in 2012 in order to address many of the shortcomings of conventional life science publishing, particularly those that exacerbate publication bias, publishing inefficiencies and irreproducibility of findings.
Open Science goes beyond Open Access in making every element of the scientific process free to use, reuse and redistribute. This includes ensuring the availability of raw data, software and referee reports, which are often at least as important as the article with which they are associated.
This webinar will provide an overview of F1000Research's approach to Open Science publishing and highlight other unique aspects of the journal's model including post-publication peer review, article versioning and non-traditional article types.
*Presented by Thomas Ingraham*
Thomas Ingraham is Development Editor at F1000Research and has been involved with the journal's Open Science and editorial development since its inception.
By measuring complexity, we help you to quantify Business Management, Boost performance and improve bottom line results Profits.
Bằng cách đo phức tạp, chúng tôi giúp bạn định lượng quản lý kinh doanh.
Tăng hiệu suất và cải thiện kết quả mấu chốt
The Qatari stock market gained slightly over the week. Trading volume and value decreased compared to the previous week. Industries Qatar and Qatar Islamic Bank were the largest contributors to the weekly index gain, while Ooredoo and Qatar Insurance negatively contributed. Foreign institutions remained net sellers during the week, while Qatari institutions were net buyers. Several companies announced dividends for 2014, with Gulf International Services announcing a large year-over-year increase.
ICICI Bank is an Indian multinational bank founded in 1955 as a joint venture with the World Bank. It has over 3,500 branches across India and a presence in 19 other countries. The document discusses ICICI Bank and its housing finance corporation (HFC) subsidiary. ICICI HFC provides home loans, home improvement loans, and other financing products and services to individuals and businesses. It aims to be the banker of first choice by delivering high quality products and expanding its global reach while maintaining financial stability.
Este documento describe las diferentes unidades de almacenamiento masivo que se han utilizado a lo largo de la historia de la computación, incluyendo almacenamiento mecánico como tarjetas perforadas y discos de vinilo, almacenamiento magnético como cintas de respaldo y discos duros, almacenamiento óptico como CDs y DVDs, almacenamiento electrónico como memoria RAM y USB, y almacenamiento mixto como discos magneto-ópticos.
Ringkasan dari dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas beberapa peristiwa geopolitik penting yang akan terjadi pada tahun 2014 seperti penarikan pasukan AS dari Afghanistan, referendum kemerdekaan Skotlandia dan Catalonia, pemilihan presiden baru di Turki, Afghanistan, Irak dan India serta perkembangan teknologi seperti pencetakan 3D dan 4D dan penggunaan senjata laser oleh angkatan laut AS.
2. Peristi
The document summarizes an online meeting that was held on May 10th to discuss using information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance teaching and learning. The meeting included welcomes and introductions, a presentation on academic writing from edX, a testimonial on using interactive boards, and presentations on tools like Automotivator, Padlet, and Webquests. The next meeting is scheduled for June 7th and will feature presentations on tools like Wordclouds, Windows Movie Maker, Dropbox, Lino, and Padlet.
Gabriel García Márquez recibió el Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1982 por su novela Cien años de soledad y otras obras que combinan lo fantástico y lo real. La obra más conocida de García Márquez es Cien años de soledad, publicada en 1967, que es considerada una de las más representativas del realismo mágico. García Márquez también recibió otros premios como el Premio Rómulo Gallegos en 1972.
Demanding social investment in 3 sentences:
Social investment promises to provide finance for organizations delivering social benefits, but it is not a substitute for other support and capacity building. While some social enterprises have successfully accessed loan finance, there are challenges in demonstrating social returns and ensuring trust in impact measurement approaches given competition between organizations. Continued work is also needed to build the ability of organizations to show financial surpluses that allow for loan repayment.
This presentation offers insight on systems approach in order to illustrate the complexities of the social determinants of health; and its effectiveness in identifying, assessing and developing effective policy alternatives to advance health equity.
Aziza Mahamoud, Research Associate, Systems Science and Population Health
Michael Shapcott, Director of Housing and Innovation
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
The document discusses developing a framework of outcomes for youth services and young people. It aims to establish a common language around measuring the impact and social outcomes of youth programs. The framework wants to be accepted by commissioners, providers, and investors. It also wants to allow benchmarking and sharing of best practices. The outcomes framework clusters outcomes into seven key capabilities like personal development, social development, and educational development. It provides examples of how commissioners, providers, and investors could utilize the framework.
Steve Croth presented at a Lecture on social entrepreneurship and Better The World, a social enterprise company. [1] Better The World provides social fundraising software and cause solutions to non-profits and companies. [2] They aim to engage more of the 99% of people online who are not currently donating to raise more money for charities. [3] Croth shared lessons learned from Better The World, including the challenges of fundraising, building the right team, and gaining market acceptance.
The document discusses electricity and the different forms of energy it can be converted into. It explains that electricity powers many appliances in homes and has become essential to daily life. Examples are given of mains electricity and batteries providing electrical energy that is then converted by appliances into heat, light, sound, and movement energy through processes like warming food, lighting rooms, playing music, and powering motors. Students are asked to identify examples of appliances that convert electricity into these different types of energy.
The document is a repetitive list of text stating "Presented by www.ziaraat.com" over 50 times without any other details, context, or information provided. It does not appear to be an actual document but rather a list solely attributing the same text to the website www.ziaraat.com repeatedly.
The document provides information about several media companies and organizations. It discusses The Walt Disney Company, Paramount Pictures, Lions Gate Entertainment, and Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. as major film and television studios. It also mentions various roles in filmmaking like camera operators, location scouts, foley artists, and directors. It provides details about different radio stations in the UK like BBC, Heart, and Global as well as roles involved in radio like radio traffic managers, broadcast journalists, radio DJs, radio producers, and owners. It discusses newspapers like The Sun, Daily Mirror, and News of the World. It also covers topics like websites, Facebook, Instagram, and the founders of Facebook - Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo S
Semantic web approach towards interoperability and privacy issues in social n...ijwscjournal
The Social Web is a set of social relations that link people through World Wide Web. This Social Web
encompasses how the websites and software are designed and developed to support social relations. The
new paradigms, tools and web services introduced by Social Web are widely accepted by internet users.
The main drawbacks of these tools are it acts as independent data silos; hence interoperability among
applications is a complex issue. This paper focuses on this issue and how best we can use semantic web
technologies to achieve interoperability among applications.
Citizen X is on trial for breaching Section X of the Criminal Code. The prosecution will call witnesses X, Y, and Z to testify, and will present evidence Link to show that Citizen X committed the offense outlined in the indictment. If successful, the prosecution will prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Citizen X is guilty of the criminal offense.
This webinar is part of the activities related to the Pathway Open Access : Repositories and Publishers, and organized by the CIARD Community.
*About the webinar*
The Open Science journal F1000Research was launched in 2012 in order to address many of the shortcomings of conventional life science publishing, particularly those that exacerbate publication bias, publishing inefficiencies and irreproducibility of findings.
Open Science goes beyond Open Access in making every element of the scientific process free to use, reuse and redistribute. This includes ensuring the availability of raw data, software and referee reports, which are often at least as important as the article with which they are associated.
This webinar will provide an overview of F1000Research's approach to Open Science publishing and highlight other unique aspects of the journal's model including post-publication peer review, article versioning and non-traditional article types.
*Presented by Thomas Ingraham*
Thomas Ingraham is Development Editor at F1000Research and has been involved with the journal's Open Science and editorial development since its inception.
By measuring complexity, we help you to quantify Business Management, Boost performance and improve bottom line results Profits.
Bằng cách đo phức tạp, chúng tôi giúp bạn định lượng quản lý kinh doanh.
Tăng hiệu suất và cải thiện kết quả mấu chốt
The Qatari stock market gained slightly over the week. Trading volume and value decreased compared to the previous week. Industries Qatar and Qatar Islamic Bank were the largest contributors to the weekly index gain, while Ooredoo and Qatar Insurance negatively contributed. Foreign institutions remained net sellers during the week, while Qatari institutions were net buyers. Several companies announced dividends for 2014, with Gulf International Services announcing a large year-over-year increase.
ICICI Bank is an Indian multinational bank founded in 1955 as a joint venture with the World Bank. It has over 3,500 branches across India and a presence in 19 other countries. The document discusses ICICI Bank and its housing finance corporation (HFC) subsidiary. ICICI HFC provides home loans, home improvement loans, and other financing products and services to individuals and businesses. It aims to be the banker of first choice by delivering high quality products and expanding its global reach while maintaining financial stability.
Este documento describe las diferentes unidades de almacenamiento masivo que se han utilizado a lo largo de la historia de la computación, incluyendo almacenamiento mecánico como tarjetas perforadas y discos de vinilo, almacenamiento magnético como cintas de respaldo y discos duros, almacenamiento óptico como CDs y DVDs, almacenamiento electrónico como memoria RAM y USB, y almacenamiento mixto como discos magneto-ópticos.
Ringkasan dari dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas beberapa peristiwa geopolitik penting yang akan terjadi pada tahun 2014 seperti penarikan pasukan AS dari Afghanistan, referendum kemerdekaan Skotlandia dan Catalonia, pemilihan presiden baru di Turki, Afghanistan, Irak dan India serta perkembangan teknologi seperti pencetakan 3D dan 4D dan penggunaan senjata laser oleh angkatan laut AS.
2. Peristi
The document summarizes an online meeting that was held on May 10th to discuss using information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance teaching and learning. The meeting included welcomes and introductions, a presentation on academic writing from edX, a testimonial on using interactive boards, and presentations on tools like Automotivator, Padlet, and Webquests. The next meeting is scheduled for June 7th and will feature presentations on tools like Wordclouds, Windows Movie Maker, Dropbox, Lino, and Padlet.
Gabriel García Márquez recibió el Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1982 por su novela Cien años de soledad y otras obras que combinan lo fantástico y lo real. La obra más conocida de García Márquez es Cien años de soledad, publicada en 1967, que es considerada una de las más representativas del realismo mágico. García Márquez también recibió otros premios como el Premio Rómulo Gallegos en 1972.
Demanding social investment in 3 sentences:
Social investment promises to provide finance for organizations delivering social benefits, but it is not a substitute for other support and capacity building. While some social enterprises have successfully accessed loan finance, there are challenges in demonstrating social returns and ensuring trust in impact measurement approaches given competition between organizations. Continued work is also needed to build the ability of organizations to show financial surpluses that allow for loan repayment.
This presentation offers insight on systems approach in order to illustrate the complexities of the social determinants of health; and its effectiveness in identifying, assessing and developing effective policy alternatives to advance health equity.
Aziza Mahamoud, Research Associate, Systems Science and Population Health
Michael Shapcott, Director of Housing and Innovation
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
The document discusses developing a framework of outcomes for youth services and young people. It aims to establish a common language around measuring the impact and social outcomes of youth programs. The framework wants to be accepted by commissioners, providers, and investors. It also wants to allow benchmarking and sharing of best practices. The outcomes framework clusters outcomes into seven key capabilities like personal development, social development, and educational development. It provides examples of how commissioners, providers, and investors could utilize the framework.
Steve Croth presented at a Lecture on social entrepreneurship and Better The World, a social enterprise company. [1] Better The World provides social fundraising software and cause solutions to non-profits and companies. [2] They aim to engage more of the 99% of people online who are not currently donating to raise more money for charities. [3] Croth shared lessons learned from Better The World, including the challenges of fundraising, building the right team, and gaining market acceptance.
DYG SCAN is a trend identification program that has tracked social values and cultural trends since 1987. It identifies changes in values, attitudes, and social structure that can predict behavioral changes. The annual research involves a national survey, focus groups, and secondary research. It covers topics like economic, political, lifestyle, family, moral, and technology values. DYG SCAN helps clients understand trends, consumer behavior, and identify new opportunities by providing insights into shifts in American culture. The summary discusses three examples of trends identified by DYG SCAN: the valuable life goal trend, the inequity of opportunity trend, and the "parentensity" trend of intense parenting.
Written by Joel Graham-Blake AGP, Founder of Cultiv8 Solutions -
An independent report on the impact of CSR strategies and practices, by small to medium sized businesses in Birmingham, UK.
Official follow up to the inaugural Midlands CSR Summit that took place at Aston Business School in April 2012, creates by Cultiv8 Solutions and the Thrive Network
This document discusses diversity and inclusion management. It begins by outlining key concepts and trends related to demographics, social values, the marketplace, and the workforce. It then discusses the business case for diversity in terms of demography, social values, social networks and identities, and gender and multicultural diversity. The document outlines key issues around gender inclusion, talent management biases, and multicultural implications. It proposes key solutions such as defining service offerings, developing diversity governance models, prioritizing diversity efforts globally, and conducting diversity audits.
Jason Saul on Selling Your Impact - From Cutting Edge Collaboration, Jan 25th...ruralsupport
The document discusses new models for nonprofits and social enterprises to generate funding. It notes that traditional charity and philanthropy are declining as sources of funding. However, new approaches treat social outcomes as having economic value and view funders as "impact buyers" seeking specific social outcomes. The document outlines different types of impact buyers, including social investors, beneficiaries, service providers, upstream consumers, and corporate partners. It argues this represents new realities where nonprofits can expect an economic return from social outcomes and identify various stakeholders as potential new sources of funding.
The document discusses the concepts of social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship, including examples like Grameen Bank and the process of recognizing social opportunities, developing concepts, acquiring resources, launching ventures, and achieving goals. It also examines characteristics of social entrepreneurs and common myths about social entrepreneurship.
ECC promotes sustainable development practices through greening cities, building communities, and strengthening democracy. It builds collaborations across sectors to develop energy efficiency and job training programs. Partners include labor unions, non-profits, businesses, and governments. The environmental case cites benefits of a green cities initiative. Economically, retrofitting buildings could create over a million jobs and savings. Investing in urban infrastructure and affordable housing also provides economic opportunities. Addressing rising utility costs through efficiency helps low-income families. However, some distressed housing requires repairs beyond weatherization's scope, presenting an equity challenge.
Investing in Embedded Intangibles to Enhance Solvent Demand at the Base-Of-Py...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
1. The document discusses investing in "embedded intangibles" like human capital, organizational capital, and information capital to drive sustainable development at the base of the pyramid.
2. These intangibles include trust in social interventions, community skills and participation, decision-making processes, and access to relevant information.
3. The author proposes that governments provide tax benefits for long-term investments in financial literacy and community building to encourage sustained funding that addresses existing pressures from private investors, politicians, and donors with short timelines.
Discourse Centric Collective Intelligence for the Common GoodAnna De Liddo
Slides of my invited talk given at the Computational Decision Making and Data Science Workshop in Belgrade, Serbia in June2018 http://cdmdsw2018.fon.bg.ac.rs/
The document discusses social analytics 1.0 versus social analytics 2.0. Social analytics 1.0 focuses on quantitative metrics like numbers of connections, posts, and likes. Social analytics 2.0 advocates for a more holistic and relational approach that examines the strength, diversity, and context of relationships to provide deeper insights. It provides examples of how social analytics 2.0 could provide more useful information for tasks like determining influence, innovation, customer insights, and addressing organizational issues.
The document discusses the concept of shared value (SV), which distinguishes itself from traditional corporate social responsibility (CSR). SV proposes that companies can address social problems through business models that create economic and societal benefits. It argues that redefining a company's purpose around SV can help address diminished trust in business. There are three opportunities for companies to create shared value: through products/markets, value chains, and cluster development. The document contrasts SV and CSR, noting that SV is integral to profit maximization while CSR is discretionary. It also discusses criticisms of the shared value concept.
President Obama has proposed $100 million to implement programs funded by Social Impact Bonds (SIBs). SIBs are bonds that private investors purchase to fund social programs, with governments only repaying the investors if the programs achieve promised outcomes and save the government money. SIBs were first used in the UK to reduce prisoner recidivism. In the US, SIBs may be used to fund supportive housing for the homeless, job training, early education, and healthcare programs. However, scaling the SIB model faces challenges around developing standardized programs and measuring long-term outcomes.
Social capital and development. There are two views of development: "Big Development" which focuses on transforming systems over the medium run through institutional reform, and "small development" which focuses on compensating for failed systems now by targeting particular groups. Social capital, understood as the norms and networks that enable cooperation, matters for both views. It is important for understanding how communities navigate social, rules-based, and meaning-based transitions during development. Social capital also influences contexts, processes, and adaptive decision-making, which are central to development policy and project implementation.
This document discusses funding models for telecenters and social enterprises. It outlines three phases for building knowledge, finding solutions and partnerships, and planning for innovation, technology and sustainability. It then discusses trends in resource mobilization, including some funding sources like philanthropy, social investment, and impact investing. It also covers understanding donor types and challenges for NGOs. Finally, it proposes some opportunities for telecenters in areas like inclusive models, improving impact evidence, and collaborative work.
The Banality of Certainty: Organizational, ethical and cognitive pathologies ...EffectiveStates
1) The document discusses how demands for "value-for-money" calculations in aid have led to organizational, ethical, and cognitive pathologies by prioritizing measurable outcomes over strategic thinking and uncertainty.
2) It argues this has distorted development practice by provoking falsified reporting, cognitive dissonance, and an overreliance on simplifying heuristics rather than learning.
3) Additionally, utilizing a utilitarian framework of calculable impact fails to provide a strong moral compass for aid under conditions of uncertainty, risking more superficial and thoughtless interventions.
Similar to Civic Capital as the Missing Link_Zingales et al. (20)
The Banality of Certainty: Organizational, ethical and cognitive pathologies ...
Civic Capital as the Missing Link_Zingales et al.
1. International Economics & Finance 07/12/2011
Luigi Guiso, Paola Sapienza, Luigi Zingales (2010)
Mattia Bardella
Nicola Cenedese
Matteo Griggio
2. 1. Definitions of social capital
2. Accumulation & Depreciation
3. Measurement
4. Origins of civic capital (CC)
5. Economic effects of CC
6. Conclusions & further research
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 2
3. 1. Definitions of social capital
2. Accumulation & Depreciation
3. Measurement
4. Origins of civic capital (CC)
5. Economic effects of CC
6. Conclusions & further research
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 3
4. Ambiguity due to the wide use of the term
Solow’s criteria (1995) for capital
1. Identifiable and measurable stock;
2. Measurable non-negative economic payoff;
3. Clear mechanisms of accumulation and
depreciation;
4. Distinguishable from other types of capital (e.g.
human capital).
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 4
5. "the aggregate of actual or potential resources
which are linked to possession of a durable
network of more or less institutionalized
relationships of mutual acquaintance and
recognition" (Bourdieu, 1983)
1. Stock
2. Positive payoff
3. Accumulation and depreciation
4. Distinguishable: not different from human capital
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 5
6. “set of relationships that supports effective norms“
(Coleman, 1990)
1. Stock: no separation input/ouputs
2. Positive payoff: can become social liability
3. Accumulation and depreciation: new relationships =
= inv./disinv.?
4. Distinguishable
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 6
7. “Social capital is a property of large groups, even
nations (not individual), similar to Machiavelli’s
civic virtue”
1. Stock: no separation input/ouputs
2. Positive payoff
3. Accumulation and depreciation: unclear process of
inv./disinv.
4. Distinguishable
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 7
8. “those persistent and shared beliefs and values that
help a group overcome the free rider problem in
the pursuit of socially valuable activities”
VALUES BELIEFS
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 8
9. “those persistent and shared beliefs and values that
help a group overcome the free rider problem in
the pursuit of socially valuable activities”
1. Stock
2. Positive payoff
3. Accumulation and depreciation
4. Distinguishable
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 9
10. 1. Definitions of social capital
2. Accumulation & Depreciation
3. Measurement
4. Origins of civic capital (CC)
5. Economic effects of CC
6. Conclusions & further research
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 10
11. 1. Intergenerational transmission of values from
parents to children
2. Education
3. Socialization
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 11
12. Tabellini (2008):
Transmission of values
Assesment of children’s welfare in term of
parents’ values
Network effect
GSZ (2008) model of beliefs
Overlapping model < --- > updated priors
Positive/negative prior < --- > net perceived
benefit of cooperation vs. non cooperation
Temporary positive shocks --- > persistent
changes
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 12
13. CC = set of virtues learnt at school
Substitution effect regulation/CC
Payoff for the whole society
Need for public financing to education
Doubt: different styles of education
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 13
14. Social pressure
Difference between beliefs and values
BELIEFS
Always transmitted through socialization
Asymmetry between accumulation/deterioration
VALUES
Normally embedded in preferences
Transmitted if conformism desire
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15. Religion as source of socialization
Difference between more/less hierarchical
religions
Decentralization in Protestantism
Hierarchy in Catholicism
Religious people more intolerant of diversity
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16. 1. Change in economic and social factors
2. Historical events generating mistrust
3. Changes in moral acceptability of certain
behaviors
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17. Clear investment process
Intergenerational transmission,
education, socialization
Clear difference from human capital
Accumulationprocess consistent with
methodological individualism
can be included in standard economic
models
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18. Long time for accumulation
Increasing returns to scale
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19. 1. Definitions of social capital
2. Accumulation & Depreciation
3. Measurement
4. Origins of civic capital (CC)
5. Economic effects of CC
6. Conclusions & further research
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20. Direct measures
VALUES BELIEFS
WVS; European social survey;
General social survey,
SURVEYS
Eurobarometer; German social
economic panel
Public good game Trust game (Berg,
EXPERIMENTS (Camerer and Fehr Dickhaut and
2003); McCabe 1995)
Indirect measures
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21. Qualitative answers
Pre-determined questions
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22. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
Panel on values and beliefs of 80 countries
worldwide
Choice of questions testing free-riding
attitude
Answers on Likert scale
1 = min cooperation/contribution to public good;
10 = max cooperation/contribution
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23. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 23
24. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
Problem: poor incentives to reveal true values
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 24
25. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
Denmark
Japan
Canada
Norway
Italy
General correlation with economic
development
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26. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
Sweden
Denmark
Germany
USA
Italy
Use of Tabellini (2009) model to verify
consistency
Solution: less incentive to lie because of less
subjective questions
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 26
27. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
N= participants
S = $ given to each participant
NxS = total endowment
= percentage of S returned to administrator by participant i
= = effective percentage of NxS received by the administrator
= pre-determined threshold of overall endowment whose reaching
implies a social benefit, for each participant, higher than S
If more than N participants free-ride, everyone loses;
is an indicator of civic capital in a community
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 27
28. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
ADVANTAGES SHORTCOMINGS
Simple structure which facilitates Not very representative samples
interpretation of behaviors; (undergraduate students);
Real money can make answers Experimenter effect bias
incentive compatible
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 28
29. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
Use of TRUST as proxy of beliefs
Major determinant of investing and saving decisions
It can be measured as a probability
Higher values of probability enhance cooperation
(Gambetta 1988)
Generalized vs. Personalized
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30. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
Correlation trust/economic
development;
High variability;
Positive economic payoff
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31. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
WVS P.C. - TRUST TABELLINI P.C. - TRUST
Correlation patterns confirm validity of previous measures regarding values
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 31
32. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
Increasing values of personalized trust
Correlations
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 32
33. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
(European social survey)
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 33
34. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
Crucial role of WORDING
Risk of endogeneity in the model
Individual preferences (such as
betrayal aversion)
may be included in answers collected.
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 34
35. VALUES BELIEFS
SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTS
E = € owned by A
S = € sent to B
multiplier applied to S (generally, )
= The fraction of initial endowment given to the receiver in stage 1
(behavioral measure of trust)
Fraction x of = sum returned to the sender, in stage 2 (measure of
trustworthiness )
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 35
36. Once social capital is defined as CC, it can be measured
Measures of the diffusion of civicness and morality norms
Measures of beliefs that help characterize the stock of civic
capital
COHERENCE WITH SOLOW’S REQUIREMENTS
However
Need to select the right indicators;
Interpretational biases;
Cross-country comparability (high variability).
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 36
37. They represent measures of outcomes (input is CC)
In general, they are difficult to interpret because of
contamination (ex: institutional effect)
Relationship input/output should not be affected by
other factors, otherwise endogeneity
Blood donations
Electoral participation
Parking violation by UN diplomats
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38. no economic payoff;
no legal obligation
voter turnout = cost to sustain for producing the
public good
in some Italian regions, civic capital is higher
positive correlation of BD and EP, but far from
perfect
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 38
40. Un diplomats are the statistical units
PV not punished until 2002 in Manhattan = no
legal enforcement
So, the only reason why one should violate
parking rules is related to cultural norms
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42. GDP per capita > $ 20.000
GDP per capita < $ 20.000
Possible explanation: trust’s usefulness directly proportional to
sophistication of economic transactions
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43. control
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 43
44. 1. Definitions of social capital
2. Accumulation & Depreciation
3. Measurement
4. Origins of civic capital (CC)
5. Economic effects of CC
6. Conclusions & further research
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45. CROSS COUNTRY REGRESSIONS
Use 3 determinants of CC:
Trust in strangers (WVS)
Parking violation (Fisman & Miguel, 2010)
Principal component of civic values (WVS)
Problem: impossible to make any causal statement
Use of log GDP as control variable
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 45
48. PC of CIVIC
VALUES
NO
significant
correlation
49. TABELLINI (2009)
Better analysis of relationship between history and civic
capital
Variation of norm & beliefs across regions of Europe
CC as WVS trust and P.C. of cultural values
Causality: use country fixed effects
Key idea (Putnam 1993): brutal regimes are vehicles for
mistrust creation
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50. COLLAPSE OF ROMAN SACRED EMPIRE
(beginning of 2ND millennium)
Differences between North & South of Italy:
South: Efficient Norman Monarchy
North: political vacuum, so birth of
cooperative institutions (COMMUNES)
cooperation for production
of the public good
Putnam conjectures (1993): historical episodes justify
differences between North & South
GSZ (2008): comparison WITHIN NORTH, not just between
N&S
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52. COLLAPSE OF ROMAN SACRED EMPIRE
Analysis within the North: Not all cities became
indipendent: some quickly lost it, some loyal to the
Emperor/Feudal Lord
USE 2 CONTROL VARIABLES:
City seat of a Bishop (facilitate coordination)
Founded by Etruscans or not (proxy of defense capability)
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53. RESOURCES’ EXPLOITATION
Ostrom (1990)
mountainous areas induces high cooperation and mutual
trust (forestry; cutting turns, pool and divide the
proceeds)
sheep breeding areas: Sheppard can work alone, so no
cooperation required, so low trust and little cooperation
Durante (2009): European areas with high climate
variability have more civic capital (higher level of trust)
climate variability generates higher need for insurance,
thus more cooperation
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 53
54. PRO: truly exogenous and randomized treatment
CON: period of time
CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM, COLUMBIA:
participation to meetings based on cooperation and mutual
trust topics, that can foster civic capital IF lessons learned
are implemented in real life
ATTANASIO (2009): PUBLIC GOOD GAME between a 2y CCT
village and a non-CCT village
BUT: not random selection of villages and unclear if
difference is longlasting
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 54
55. 1. Definitions of social capital
2. Accumulation & Depreciation
3. Measurement
4. Origins of civic capital (CC)
5. Economic effects of CC
6. Conclusions & further research
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56. Standard economic models can explain only half of the
difference in economic performance (level of GDP per
capita) between countries.
Civic capital could be the MISSING FACTOR to explain
the residual differences
Challenge: find convincing sources of exogenous
variation to overcome endogeneity emerging when:
CC reflects also the working of institutions
CC is correlated with unobserved factors affecting also
performance
CC is partially reverse-caused by current economic forces
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 56
57. The narrower definition proposed can make easier to
identify CC within economic performance (and as one of
its determinants)
Problem: it’s plausible to expect countries with higher
CC (strong values, high trust) chooses
institution that supports these values.
Need of appropriate instruments to isolate the combined
effect of CC and institutions on economic performance
2 main approaches in literature:
1. Links between past political institution and current
cultural traits
2. Movers approach and the idea of “cultural portability”
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 57
58. Culture is transmitted slowly between generation
Relevant historical episodes can predict today’s norms
and beliefs
Key issue: the historical instrument don’t have effect on
todays’s output but affect it only trough its influence on
past culture
Intercultural transmission
Historical Cultural trait of Cultural trait of
episode former generations . current generations
Historical economic
Current economic
performance
performance
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 58
59. Some examples:
Literacy rates in XIXth and indicator of political institution from
1600 to 1850 to explain current difference in CC endowment
across Europe (Tabellini, 2009)
Past history of communal independence to explain difference in
CC endowment across cities of northern Italy (GSZ, 2008)
Major shortcoming
Current differences in culture across regions could capture
differences in the actual performance of institution
The historical episode could have fostered accumulation of
other forms of capital that still have an influence on economic
performance (i.e. arts)
Need to obtain direct measures to control for them
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 59
60. Fundamental intuition
Norms and beliefs tend to move when people migrates
Institutions are not portable
so CC embedded in the migrant is due only to norms and
beliefs (not to institutions)
then it’s possible to separate the effect on outcome of
institutions from the one of CC
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61. An example: Italian movers within Italy (GSZ, 2004)
Test effect of CC on financial developement
Controls for the province of birth to identify movers
Dummies for the province of living to control for actual
performance of institutions
civic capitalaffected by cultural
traits and not by institutions
Results
civic capital in the province of birth affect use and
availability of financial contracts (=trust) in the living
province
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62. GDP per capita and time-variation in trust (Algan and
Cahuc, 2008)
Use of time variation in trust to eliminate institutions’
endogeneity
Correlation
Y = income per capita (institutional shocks)
S = trust (WVS)
X = vector of control
Fc = country fixed effect of time-invariant institutions that make
productivity change
Ft = time fixed effect of factor endowment and time varying
productivity
v = error term
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 62
63. Substitute Sct with that is trust of the previous generation
No Correlation
trust of previous generation affects trust of today generation
(through inter-generational transmission)
transmission took place when current GDP wasn’t yet
produced
so is orthogonal to the error because it does not include
the effect of institutional shocks
Endogeneity is removed
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 63
64. Algan and Cahuc (2008) found a positive/significant and
quantifiable effect of civic capital on GDP per capita
Figure 10
The effect on GDP per capita
of a Swedish level of CC
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 64
65. 1. Definitions of social capital
2. Accumulation & Depreciation
3. Measurement
4. Origins of civic capital (CC)
5. Economic effects of CC
6. Conclusions & further research
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66. Ambiguity in the definition of social capital has slowed
down the development of literature on the topic
Civic capital definition satisfies Solow’s criteria
Civic capital clearly differentiates social capital from
other kinds
Civic is the missing factor of production which can help
explain the residuals of Solow’s model
Civic Capital a the missing link 07/12/2011 66
67. Current measures are not yet ready to be used in national
accounting
Trust is the most promising component of a measure of CC
Founded economically
Easy to measure
Correlated with variables of interests
Clarify the determinants of persistence of CC
Avoid policies that undermine CC, with negative long term
effects
Boost policies that foster the formation and preservation of CC
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