This document provides tips for citing sources in a presentation using APA style. It recommends minimizing text on slides, using the speaker notes to remind you what to say, and including images to enhance understanding. In-text citations should be included on slides along with a reference list in APA style. Examples are provided of slides about Multiple Sclerosis that include in-text citations and a labeled figure with a citation. The document also demonstrates slides on treatment strategies and references.

1. Citing Sources in a Presentation
Considerations for nice-looking slides using APA style

2. Tips for Presentations
 Minimize text on your slide (not like this one!).
 The bulk of your content should be in what you say!
 Use the notes area (below the slide) to help you remember what you want to say.
 Use images that enhance understanding of your topic.
 Give in-text citations and a list of references in APA style.
 The following slides provide examples and some more tips.

3. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
 Chronic, immune-mediated disease (Rapoza, 2017)
 Inflammation causes plaques/damage to myelin and axons
(Rapoza, 2017)
 Disrupts nerve signals (Rapoza, 2017)
 Symptoms: ages 20 to 40 (National Institute of Neurologic Disorders
and Stroke [NINDS], 2018)
 Cause unknown (NINDS, 2018)
 250,000 to 350,000 in US (NINDS, 2018)
Figure 1. Comparison of healthy nerve
cells and nerve cells affected by MS.
(Rapoza, 2017)

4. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
 Chronic, immune-mediated disease (Rapoza, 2017)
 Inflammation causes plaques/damage to myelin and axons
(Rapoza, 2017)
 Disrupts nerve signals (Rapoza, 2017)
 Symptoms: ages 20 to 40 (National Institute of Neurologic Disorders
and Stroke [NINDS], 2018)
 Cause unknown (NINDS, 2018)
 250,000 to 350,000 in US (NINDS, 2018)
Figure 1. Comparison of healthy nerve
cells and nerve cells affected by MS.
(Rapoza, 2017)
Include in-text citations just like you
would in a paper.
(Author, date, p. #)
You can make the in-text citations
smaller or less noticeable, but don’t
make it more distracting!
If the author is an organization, give
the full name of the organization the
first time you cite it and include the
abbreviation.
When you cite that source again,
you can just use the abbreviation.
When you include a picture, label it
with “Figure #” and a brief caption.
Include an in-text citation for the
source of your image.

5. Treatment
Current Strategies
 Treat Attacks/Flare-Ups
 Steroids
 Plasma exchange
 Modify Disease/Modulate
Immune System
 Interferons
 Other injectable drugs
 Intravenous drugs
 Oral medication
 Treat Symptoms
(NINDS, 2018)
New Directions
 Combine 3 strategies:
 Anti-inflammatory
 Remyelinating
 Neuroprotective
(Maillart, 2018)
Complementary & Alternative
 Mixed results
 Ginko biloba
 Magnetic therapy
 Reflexology
 Marijuana
 Others
(American Academy of Neurology [AAN],
2014)

6. References
 American Academy of Neurology. (2017). Complementary and alternative medicine for multiple
sclerosis. Retrieved from https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/home/GetGuidelineContent/642
 Maillart, E. (2018). Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: Challenges and promising
perspectives. Revue Neurologique, 174(6), 441-448. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2018.04.004
 National Institution of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2018, July 6). Multiple sclerosis: Hope
through research. Retrieved from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-
Education/Hope-Through-Research/Multiple-Sclerosis-Hope-Through-Research#3215_2
 Rapoza, K. (2017). Multiple sclerosis. In Harvard Medical School (Ed.). Health Reference Series:
Harvard Medical School Health Topics A-Z. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com

7. References
 American Academy of Neurology. (2017). Complementary and alternative medicine for multiple sclerosis.
Retrieved from https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/home/GetGuidelineContent/642
 Maillart, E. (2018).Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis:Challenges and promising perspectives.
Revue Neurologique, 174(6), 441-448.
 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2018, July 6). Multiple sclerosis: Hope through
research. Retrieved from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-
Education/Hope-Through-Research/Multiple-Sclerosis-Hope-Through-Research#3215_2
 Rapoza, K. (2017). Multiple sclerosis. In Harvard Medical School (Ed.). Health Reference Series: Harvard
Medical School HealthTopics A-Z. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com
List your references in alphabetical order in
APA style.
Hanging indent not necessary, as long as your
audience can clearly distinguish one reference
from another.