Crucial Facts About The Impact Factor That All Research Authors Should Be Aware . Read this PDF for List of academic journals by Impact factor. Visit us- https://bit.ly/3NqnJGZ
This document, created in March 2019, describes how the Journal Impact Factor is calculated, specifically in relation to the June 2019 release of the Journal Citation Reports.
A presentation delivered online to the Mountain Plains Management Conference at Cedar City, UT on Oct. 18, 2013.
Presented by: Jon Ritterbush of the Calvin T. Ryan Library at the University of Nebraska-Kearney.
This document, created in March 2019, describes how the Journal Impact Factor is calculated, specifically in relation to the June 2019 release of the Journal Citation Reports.
A presentation delivered online to the Mountain Plains Management Conference at Cedar City, UT on Oct. 18, 2013.
Presented by: Jon Ritterbush of the Calvin T. Ryan Library at the University of Nebraska-Kearney.
It’s important to remember that the impact factor only looks at an average citation and that a journal may have a few highly cited papers that greatly increase its impact factor, while other papers in that same journal may not be cited at all. Therefore, there is no direct correlation between an individual article’s citation frequency or quality and the journal impact factor.
Publishing a paper is a vital step in the academic and scientific journey, playing a pivotal role in advancing knowledge and establishing one's professional reputation. The process of learning how to publish a paper is crucial because it not only disseminates research findings to a wider audience but also ensures the work undergoes rigorous scrutiny through peer review. Through publication, researchers contribute to the collective understanding of their field, fostering a collaborative and dynamic academic environment. Understanding the nuances of manuscript preparation, journal selection, and submission protocols is essential for navigating the competitive world of academic publishing. Successful publication not only validates the credibility of the research but also opens avenues for career progression, securing research funding, and influencing the direction of scientific discourse. Learning how to publish equips researchers with the skills to communicate effectively, share their discoveries, and actively contribute to the growth and evolution of their respective fields.
Most of the junior research fellows, upcoming scientists may not be aware of - what is the impact factor, how it is calculated and how can we use the impact factor. Most of the people will think that impact factor is important in assessing the quality of a journal. Here one should keep in mind that impact factor of a journal is no way related to the main quality parameters like peer review, detection of plagiarism, citations of the articles published in a journal etc.. Though there are many review articles published on impact factor, again I have summarized those points just to educate our readers.
Presented to members of the Psychology department as part of the New Tricks Seminar series (February 2016)
• journal metrics using WoS and Scopus
• article level metrics in WoS, Scopus and Google Scholar, and from publishers and the differences in each. Touch on altmetrics.
• author metrics in the above. Touch on Publish or Perish
Tanya Williamson, Academic Liaison Librarian
Innovations in Engineering: Navigating the Future at IFERP's Intonational Con...IFERP
The world of engineering is ever-evolving, with groundbreaking innovations shaping the future of technology. IFERP (Institute For Engineering Research and Publication) stands at the forefront of this transformation, providing a platform for engineers, researchers, and academicians to converge, collaborate, and share their insights. IFERP's Intonational Conferences are renowned for fostering knowledge exchange and driving the engineering industry forward. In this article, we will explore the significance of these conferences and highlight the key themes and areas of focus that make them a must-attend event for professionals in the field of engineering.
IFERP Virtual Conference: Bridging Innovations in Engineering and ResearchIFERP
The Institute For Engineering Research and Publication is hosting the IFERP Virtual Conference, a vibrant venue where you can join together. Engage with international professionals through thought-provoking keynote presentations, engaging seminars, and technical debates that are filled with information. Explore the most recent advancements in engineering and science while fostering collaboration and learning in a dynamic online environment.
More Related Content
Similar to Choose List of academic journals by Impact factor.pdf
It’s important to remember that the impact factor only looks at an average citation and that a journal may have a few highly cited papers that greatly increase its impact factor, while other papers in that same journal may not be cited at all. Therefore, there is no direct correlation between an individual article’s citation frequency or quality and the journal impact factor.
Publishing a paper is a vital step in the academic and scientific journey, playing a pivotal role in advancing knowledge and establishing one's professional reputation. The process of learning how to publish a paper is crucial because it not only disseminates research findings to a wider audience but also ensures the work undergoes rigorous scrutiny through peer review. Through publication, researchers contribute to the collective understanding of their field, fostering a collaborative and dynamic academic environment. Understanding the nuances of manuscript preparation, journal selection, and submission protocols is essential for navigating the competitive world of academic publishing. Successful publication not only validates the credibility of the research but also opens avenues for career progression, securing research funding, and influencing the direction of scientific discourse. Learning how to publish equips researchers with the skills to communicate effectively, share their discoveries, and actively contribute to the growth and evolution of their respective fields.
Most of the junior research fellows, upcoming scientists may not be aware of - what is the impact factor, how it is calculated and how can we use the impact factor. Most of the people will think that impact factor is important in assessing the quality of a journal. Here one should keep in mind that impact factor of a journal is no way related to the main quality parameters like peer review, detection of plagiarism, citations of the articles published in a journal etc.. Though there are many review articles published on impact factor, again I have summarized those points just to educate our readers.
Presented to members of the Psychology department as part of the New Tricks Seminar series (February 2016)
• journal metrics using WoS and Scopus
• article level metrics in WoS, Scopus and Google Scholar, and from publishers and the differences in each. Touch on altmetrics.
• author metrics in the above. Touch on Publish or Perish
Tanya Williamson, Academic Liaison Librarian
Innovations in Engineering: Navigating the Future at IFERP's Intonational Con...IFERP
The world of engineering is ever-evolving, with groundbreaking innovations shaping the future of technology. IFERP (Institute For Engineering Research and Publication) stands at the forefront of this transformation, providing a platform for engineers, researchers, and academicians to converge, collaborate, and share their insights. IFERP's Intonational Conferences are renowned for fostering knowledge exchange and driving the engineering industry forward. In this article, we will explore the significance of these conferences and highlight the key themes and areas of focus that make them a must-attend event for professionals in the field of engineering.
IFERP Virtual Conference: Bridging Innovations in Engineering and ResearchIFERP
The Institute For Engineering Research and Publication is hosting the IFERP Virtual Conference, a vibrant venue where you can join together. Engage with international professionals through thought-provoking keynote presentations, engaging seminars, and technical debates that are filled with information. Explore the most recent advancements in engineering and science while fostering collaboration and learning in a dynamic online environment.
The Future IFERP's Upcoming Conference 2023.docxIFERP
Discover the excitement of IFERP's upcoming conference in 2023, offering a platform for knowledge exchange and networking. Don't miss the opportunity to participate in groundbreaking research discussions and present your work through the 2023 abstract submission. Explore a diverse range of upcoming international conferences in 2023 and expand your research horizons with IFERP.
Visit us: https://www.iferp.in/upcoming-conference-engineering-technology.php
Explore the List of Upcoming Conferences IFERP.docxIFERP
IFERP's comprehensive list of upcoming conferences, including the highly anticipated college conference 2023. Embrace a multidisciplinary approach in these knowledge-sharing platforms, connecting researchers, academicians, and industry professionals for groundbreaking collaborations.
visit: https://medium.com/@josh.welsh72/discover-the-latest-research-findings-at-the-scopus-indexed-conferences-scopus-indexed-e3b326210cb3
Abstract Submission for Guidelines IFERP 2023 Conference.docxIFERP
The Institute for Engineering Research and Publication IFERP invites researchers and academicians to submit their abstracts for the upcoming conference. Share your innovative research and contribute to the exchange of knowledge. Follow the provided guidelines to ensure a smooth Abstract Submission for Guidelines. Join IFERP in promoting research and fostering collaboration at the forefront of innovation.
visit us more information: https://www.iferp.in/abstract-submission.php
Breakthrough Discoveries Scopus Indexed Open Access Journal by IFERPIFERP
IFERP Institute for Engineering Research and Publication offers Scopus-indexed open-access journals that provide a platform for researchers and scholars to publish their work with high visibility and accessibility. These journals showcase the latest advancements and breakthroughs in various fields, covering a wide range of disciplines. With the prestigious Scopus indexing, the journals ensure global recognition and credibility. Researchers can explore cutting-edge perspectives, unveil new knowledge, and contribute to emerging trends. IFERP's Scopus-indexed open-access journals are dedicated to promoting scientific innovation, fostering collaboration, and disseminating impactful research to a broad audience of academics, professionals, and enthusiasts.
learn more information: https://www.iferp.in/journals-and-publications.php
Elevate Your Abilities with IFERP's Comprehensive Student Skill Development P...IFERP
IFERP's Comprehensive Student Skill Development Program" is a transformative initiative designed to empower students and enhance their abilities. This comprehensive program offered by IFERP (Institute For Engineering Research and Publications) focuses on honing essential skills and competencies necessary for personal and professional success. Through a dynamic blend of interactive workshops, practical exercises, mentorship, and real-world applications, participants are provided with a structured curriculum that caters to their holistic development. The program covers a wide range of skills, including critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, leadership, and adaptability.
Learn more about it: https://www.iferp.in/skill-development-programs.php
6 important guidelines for paper presentation conference 2023 | IFERPIFERP
Consider yourself on a stage in front of a large audience of distinguished academics, researchers, and industry professionals, presenting your most recent research findings at a major international conference. You have spent months preparing, meticulously researching your topic, and putting together a compelling presentation. As you begin to speak, all eyes are on you, and you can feel the weight of their expectations on your shoulders. Visit https://www.iferp.in/blog/2023/02/25/6-important-guidelines-for-paper-presentation-conference-2023/ to know more.
5 major difference between conference and seminar | IFERPIFERP
Staying current with the latest developments in your industry is more important than ever in today's fast-paced world. Attending conferences and seminars can be a great way to learn new skills, network with other professionals, and stay up to date on the latest trends. However, with so many different types of events to choose from, determining which one is best for you may prove difficult. Visit https://www.iferp.in/blog/2023/02/21/5-major-difference-between-conference-and-seminar/ to know more.
Guidelines for submitting abstracts for the upcoming conference in 2023.pdfIFERP
Planning, submitting, and presenting an abstract are important steps in the research process with numerous benefits for the researcher and author. The primary goal of writing an abstract is to answer the question, "Why did you start?" What were you doing? What did you discover, and how does it all tie together? A few useful stages can be used to streamline the process of preparing to write the abstract. Visit https://www.iferp.in/blog/2023/01/20/guidelines-for-abstract-submission-for-upcoming-conference-2023/ for more information.
6 Academic Research Paper Writing Tips - 2023.pdfIFERP
Writing an academic research paper frequently necessitates some level of academic research writing experience and prowess. Both aspiring research authors and research authors who have previously struggled with academic writing will find the six tips highlighted in this blog to provide a wealth of information about what steps they can take to make their next research writing endeavor a pleasant one. Visit https://www.iferp.in/blog/2022/08/10/6-tips-for-how-to-write-academic-research-paper/ for more information.
Engineering Scopus indexed journals are published monthly - IFERPIFERP
The publication process is an important component in ensuring the quality of academic research. Peer review is the best way to ensure the quality of engineering journals. Sure, peer review has flaws, but there is no better alternative than allowing the world's most knowledgeable domain specialists to evaluate a research paper. Nonetheless, it is also true that peer review and editorial practices have significantly contributed to the current "replication crisis" in most academic fields. Because of the increasing competition for media attention, editors and reviewers are more likely to accept fanciful and sensationalized study results rather than less sensationalized ones. Visit iferp.in/blog/2022/09/16/monthly-published-scopus-indexed-journals-in-engineering/ to know more.
Guidelines for how to choose research paper topics.pdfIFERP
This article explains how to choose a research topic. The article aids in defining the stages of theoretical research development in any field. The article discusses how to prepare to develop a research topic, how to approach a research problem, and how to theoretically develop the problem. The article concludes by highlighting the potential pitfalls that can occur when selecting a research topic, as well as the positive aspects of students and early-career researchers who begin research in a field. Visit https://bit.ly/3vh01Vh for more information.
Engineering papers should be published in the best journals | United InnovatorsIFERP
Which engineering journal to submit to is a nagging question for any scientist or engineer considering publishing a peer-reviewed paper. Hopefully, the researcher has been thinking about the question (and possibly its answer) from the beginning. This is frequently a last-minute decision made after the manuscript has been nearly or entirely written. Visit https://www.iferp.in/blog/2022/08/13/best-journals-to-publish-papers-for-engineering/ for more information.
Benefits of attending international educational conference 2022- IFERPIFERP
In every industry, attending conferences and trade shows is considered an integral activity, particularly for association members. There are local meetings, national meetings, and even particular thematic meetings, which are organized for the benefit of members and the job in general. Besides learning about the latest industry trends and earning continuing education credits, the reasons for attending international conferences 2022 are varied.
Visit this Infographic for benefits of attending international educational conference 2023. Visit us- https://www.iferp.in/blog/2022/05/28/6-benefits-of-attending-international-educational-conference-2022/
Multidisciplinary Approach Research – The Benefits, Challenges & Applicabilit...IFERP
Multidisciplinary research is a research technique in which tools from different sciences and disciplines are used to find an explanation for the question being studied. Multidisciplinary research is needed to solve many, if not all, of the major research challenges of the next decade. Read this blog for what is multidisciplinary approach in education. https://www.iferp.in/blog/2020/12/05/multidisciplinary-approach-research-the-benefits-challenges-applicability-in-the-modern-business-landscape/
How do I prepare for an online conference? IFERPIFERP
It can be tough to understand what to do at an international conference. Whether you are attending a college conference for the first time or have attended several, these can be potentially stressful events. It is therefore important that you take the time to prepare well and, more importantly, know what this preparation entails. Check this for Important tips for attend online international conference with certificate
How to Write a Research Paper | A Beginner's Guide -IFERPIFERP
Writing an academic research paper often requires a certain degree of academic research writing experience and prowess. Both aspiring research authors as well as research authors who’ve struggled with academic writing in the past will find the top tips highlighted in this blog to offer a world of insight into what steps they can take to make their next research writing endeavor a pleasant one. Read this for Steps for Writing a Research Paper. Visit us- https://www.iferp.in/blog/2022/08/10/6-tips-for-how-to-write-academic-research-paper/
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Choose List of academic journals by Impact factor.pdf
1. Choose List of academic journals by
Impact factor
At Its Core, What Is The Impact Factor Value?
● The impact factor (IF) is utilized as an indicator of the importance of a
journal in its discipline.
● It was first developed by Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute
for Scientific Information.
● Despite the fact that this metric is widely used by institutions and
clinicians, people have a common misconception regarding the
calculation method of a journal’s impact factor value, its meaning,
and how it can be used.
● A journal’s IF is not associated with factors such as the quality of the
peer review process and the quality of the journal’s content but is a
measure that exhibits the average citation count of articles published
in –
○ journals,
○ books,
○ theses,
○ project reports,
○ conference/seminar proceedings,
○ documents published on the Internet,
○ notes and any other approved document.
● The impact factor is commonly used to assess the relative
importance of a journal in its discipline and to estimate the frequency
with which the “average article” of a journal has been cited during a
given period.
● Journals that publish more review articles will be recognized as “high
impact factors journals“.
● Journals with higher IFs are thought to be more important than those
with lower FIs.
● According to Eugene Garfield, the impact factor simply is an
indication of the capacity of journals and publishers to attract the best
articles available.
2. ● The impact factor can be calculated after the completion of a
minimum of three years of publication; for this reason, a journal’s IF
value cannot be calculated for new journals.
● A journal with the highest impact factor value is the one that
published the most cited articles over a two-year period.
● The IF only applies to journals, not to individual articles or individual
scientists, unlike the “H-index”.
● The relative number of citations an individual paper receives is best
assessed as “citation impact”.
● In any given year, the IF of a journal is the average number of
citations received per article published in this journal during the
previous two years.
● IFs are calculated annually by Thomson Scientific for the journals it
indexes and are published in Journal Citation Reports.
How Is The IF Value Of A Journal Typically Measured & Calculated
● The calculated and published values
are as follows.
● The values
are calculated by the Institute for Scientific Information for
the journals it indexes; impact factors, and immediacy indices are
published yearly in the Journal Citation Reports –
● The Impact Factor Value
○ This is a general measure of the impact of the citation;
calculated over a two-year period.
● The Immediacy Index Value
○ The number of citations a journal’s articles gets in a given
year is divided by the number of articles published.
○ An immediacy index is a measure of the timeliness and
urgency of work published in a scientific journal.
● The Cited Half-Life Value
○ The median age of articles that received citations in Journal
Citation Reports each year.
○ For example, if the half-life of a journal in 2025 will be five,
that means the citations from 2021 to 2025 represent half of
all citations for that journal in 2025, and the other half of the
citations predate 2021.
● The Aggregate Impact Factor Value For A Subject Category
3. ○ It is measured by taking into account the number of citations
of all the journals in a specific subject and the number of
articles of all the journals of the subject category.
These measures apply only to journals, not to individual papers/articles or
individual researchers (unlike, for instance, the H-index). The relative number
of citations an individual paper/article receives is considered the citation
impact.
● The Calculation
○ A journal’s impact factor is calculated over a two-year
period.
○ One can think of this as the average number of citations in a
given year to articles in a journal that were published in the
previous two years.
○ For example, a journal’s 2023 impact factor would be
calculated as follows –
■ A = number of times articles published in
2021-2022 were cited in journals indexed in 2023
■ B = number of “citable items” (usually articles,
reviews, reviews, or notes; not editorials and letters
to the editor) published in 2021-2022
■ Impact factor 2023 = A/B
■ (Note that the 2023 impact factor will actually be
published in 2024, as it cannot be calculated until
all 2023 publications are received)
■ An easy way of comprehending this is to imagine
that a journal that’s cited once, on average, for
every article published, has an impact factor value
of 1 in the above expression.
● There are a few nuances to this – ISI excludes certain types of
articles (called “front-matter” such as news articles, correspondence,
and errata) from the denominator.
● Thomson Scientific doesn’t have a hard and fast rule for what types
of articles are considered “citable” and what front-line articles.
● Brand new journals (even renowned Scopus journals publication)
that are indexed from their first published issue will receive an impact
factor upon the conclusion of two years of indexing; in this case, the
4. citations for the year preceding volume 1 and the number of articles
published in the year preceding volume 1 are known null values.
● Journals that are indexed from a volume other than the first volume
will not have a published impact factor until three years of complete
data are known; directories and other irregular publications
sometimes will not publish any articles in a particular year, which will
affect the count.
● The impact factor is for a specific period of time; it is possible to
estimate the impact factor for any required period for which the
website offers instructions.
● Journal Citation Reports include a table of the relative ranking of
journals by impact factor in each specific scientific discipline, such as
organic chemistry or mechanical engineering.
● The calculation of the IF for the journal in which a person has
published articles is a controversial issue.
● Nevertheless, this has already been warned; abuse in the evaluation
of individuals because there is great variation from article to article in
a single journal, so, in an ideal world, reviewers would read each
article and make personal judgments, according to Eugene Garfield.
Research Authors Need To Beware, Impact Factors Aren’t Inffaliable &
Can Be Manipulated
● A journal can adopt editorial policies that improve its impact factor.
● These editorial policies cannot be limited to improving the quality of
published scientific work.
● Journals can sometimes publish a higher percentage of review
articles.
● While many research articles remain uncited after three years, almost
all review articles receive at least one citation within three years of
publication.
● Therefore, review articles can increase the impact factor of the
journal.
● The Thomson Scientific website provides instructions for removing
these journals from the calculation.
● For researchers or students with even a slight familiarity with the field,
journal reviews will be obvious.
● Journals can change the fraction of “citable items” to raw material in
the denominator of the IF equation.
5. ● The types of articles considered “citable” are largely a matter of
negotiation between journals and Thomson Scientific.
● As a result of these negotiations, variations in the impact factor of
more than 300% were observed.
● For instance, editorials in a journal don’t count as publications.
● Nevertheless, when they cite published articles, often articles from
the same journal, these citations increase the citation count of the
article.
● This effect is difficult to assess because the distinction between
editorial commentary and short original articles is not obvious.
● The “Letters to the editor” sections can belong to either of the
classes.
● Numerous methods, not necessarily with nefarious intent, exist for a
journal to cite articles in the same journal, which will increase the
impact factor of the journal.
● An editor of a journal might encourage authors to cite articles from
that journal in the articles they submit.
● The extent to which this practice affects the number of citations and
impact factor included in journal data cited by Journal Citation
Reports, therefore, needs to be considered.
● Most of these effects are discussed in detail on the site’s help pages,
along with ways to correct the numbers for these effects if desired.
● Nevertheless, it is almost universal for articles in a journal to cite
primarily its own articles, as they are those of equal merit in the same
specialist area.
● If this is done artificially, the effect will become particularly noticeable
when –
○ journals have low impact factors (in absolute terms) and
○ publish a few articles per year.
● Participate in an upcoming conference in 2022 to learn more about
all the reasons why a journal’s IF value isn’t necessarily a mark of its
quality.
How Not To Use The Impact Factor Value Of A Journal
● The impact factor is often misused in the prediction of the importance
of an individual post based on where it was posted.
● This does not work well because a small number of publications are
cited much more than the majority – for instance, around the
6. overwhelming majority of a highly reputable journal’s impact factor
could be based entirely on only a quarter of its publications, and
therefore the importance of any publication will be different and on
average lower than the total number.
● The impact factor, however, averages all articles and therefore
underestimates the citations of the top cited while overstating the
number of citations of the average publication.
● Academic reviewers involved in program evaluations, especially
those at doctoral awarding institutions, often look to ISI’s proprietary
IF list of the top most academic journals to determine scholarly
output.
● This creates a bias that automatically underestimates certain types of
research and distorts the total contribution of each faculty member.
● The absolute value of an impact factor has no meaning in itself.
● A journal with an IF of two would not be very impressive in a field
such as Particle Physics, whereas it would be in Biomedical
Engineering.
● However, such values
are sometimes announced by scientific
publishers.
● A comparison of impact factors between different domains is not
valid.
7. ● Yet these comparisons have been widely employed for the evaluation
not only of journals but also of scientists and academic departments.
● It’s not right to say, for instance, that a department whose
publications have an average IF of less than two is of a low level.
● This wouldn’t make sense for mechanical engineering, where only
two review journals achieve such value.
● Outside of science, impact factors are relevant for fields that have a
publication pattern similar to science (such as economics), where
research publications are almost always journal articles that cite other
journals’ research articles.
● They are irrelevant to literature, where the most important
publications are books citing other books.
● Therefore, Thomson Scientific does not publish JCRs for the
humanities.
● Even if applied in this way in practice, impact factors cannot be
properly considered by libraries in journal selection.
● The journal’s local usefulness is at least as important as is whether or
not a faculty member at an institution is the journal’s editor or
member of its editorial board.
● Although the impact factor was originally conceived as an objective
measure of a journal’s reputation (Garfield), it is now increasingly
applied to measure the productivity of scientists.
● It is usually used to analyze the impact factors of the journals in which
the researcher’s articles have been published.
● This has obvious allure for an academic administrator unfamiliar with
the subject or the journals.
● The absolute number of research scientists, the average number of
authors on each article, and the nature of the results in different fields
of research, as well as variations in citation habits between different
disciplines, in particular the number of citations in each article,
combine to impact factors between different groups of scientists
immeasurably.
● Generally, for instance, medical journals have higher impact factors
than mathematical journals and engineering journals.
● This limitation is accepted by the publishers; they were never claimed
to be useful across domains – such use is an indication of
misunderstanding.
● The HEFCE (Higher Education Funding Council for England) has
been urged by the UK Parliament’s Science and Technology
Committee to remind Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) panels
8. that they are required to evaluate the content quality of individual
articles, not the reputability of the journal in which they are published.
● The number of article citations in a particular journal doesn’t really
directly indicate the true quality of a scientific journal, much less the
scientific merit of the articles the journal contains.
● It is also a reflection, at least in part, of the intensity of publication or
citation in that field, the current popularity of that particular subject, as
well as the availability of particular journals.
● Low circulation journals, regardless of the scientific merit of their
content, will never achieve high impact factors in absolute terms, but
if all the journals on a specific topic are low circulation, as in some
fields of botany and zoology, the standing relationship is significant.
● Owing to the fact that defining the quality of an academic publication
is challenging, involving unquantifiable factors, such as the impact on
the next generation of researchers, assigning this value to a specific
numerical measure cannot tell the whole story.
● By simply counting the frequency of citations per article and ignoring
the prestige of the citing journals, the impact factor simply becomes a
measure of popularity, not prestige.
The Actual Significance Of The Impact Factor Value Of Journals
● It is important to remember that although impact factors tend to
correlate with the reliability or prestige of the journal, the metric is not
in itself an indicator of the quality of the journal.
● Thinking back to the calculation discussed earlier, the impact factor is
simply the ratio of citations to recent citable articles published.
● Many scholars and institutions erroneously refer to impact factors as
a measure of journal quality when it is instead a measure of impact
on the academic community of interest.
● In reality, the absolute value of the impact factor value of a journal
doesn’t mean much; these values
must be interpreted in the
appropriate context.
● Citation habits and frequency of publication vary considerably from
one field of research to another.
● Therefore, impact factors shouldn’t be made use of to compare
journals across disciplines.
9. ● For instance, the frequency of citations and publications is much
lower in mathematics and physics than in medicine, so medical
journals will generally have higher impact factors.
● Review articles, in particular, typically are read and cited more
frequently; therefore, journals that publish review articles may inflate
impact factor scores.
● Each year, publishers are under pressure to increase journal impact
factors. There have been instances of journal editors unethically
manipulating impact factors to improve ratings for secondary gain.
● Editors can achieve this by rejecting manuscripts if they are unlikely
to be highly cited, or even some have gone so far as to reject
heavy-handed manuscripts and authors in order to cite more
papers/articles from their journal exclusively in order to be accepted.
Narrow-focus journals that cater to a more niche community like
Astroparticle Physics will inevitably have a lower impact factor than
those that reach a broader reader base like the Journal of Astronomy.
● The types of articles and the size of the target audience for a journal
play an important role in the final value of the impact factor.
● Although journal impact factors can be a useful tool for evaluating
and comparing journals in a specific field, the decision to submit your
manuscript to a journal should not be based entirely on their impact
factor.
10. ● Know your target audience and do some research to decide correctly
which journal would be the best suited for your work to be published
in, and don’t get too distracted with where your publication will fall on
the “prestige” ranking.
● For most students and research professionals, the objective would be
to write a paper with a high impact factor.
● However, you usually have to walk before you run.
● Therefore, working with an assistant and publishing journal articles,
book chapters, and case reports is a great way to learn editing
basics.
● At this level, any posting looks impressive on your resume and gives
residency and fellowship program directors an appreciation of your
ability to write well and your work ethic.
● As your experience increases, moving on to research papers in
high-impact journals will be an easier “next step” if you have gained
experience.
Crucial Facts About The Impact Factor That All Research Authors
Should Be Aware Of
● It is crucial for market research for publishers and others.
● It is an important tool for librarians, researchers, and librarians.
● It is also a vital tool for the researcher to select a reputable journal
and publish it in old and reputable journals.
● The impact factor can be made use of to provide a rough
approximation of a journal’s prestige.
● It is also a tool for judicious use and careful citation of data in
journals.
● In general, authors should bear in mind that
● The impact factor can be calculated after completing the minimum
three years of publication.
● The log impact factor will only be a quotient factor and will not be a
quality factor.
● The impact factor of the journal will not be related to the quality of
content and the quality of peer review.
● Journals that publish more review articles will get the highest impact
factors.
● The impact factor strongly depends on the discipline.
● The impact factor couldn’t be reproduced in an independent audit.
11. ● The impact factor has to do with the average number of citations per
article.
● Citation counting can be independent of the actual “impact” of the
work among researchers and scientific communities.
● Self-citations and deliberate addition of the same journal article with
favorable editorial policies may journals or publishers not be taken
into account for the evaluation of the impact factor.
● The citation count may be applied incorrectly to rate the importance
of an individual post or to rate an individual researcher.
● A title change has an impact on the impact factor for two years after a
change has been made. Old and new titles typically aren’t unified
unless the titles are in the same place in alphabetical order