seminar presentation

1. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF
CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION

2. Background
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen and a major cause of genital, pulmonary and eye
disease.
were thought to be viruses. However, they have a cell wall and contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes and therefore
are now classified as bacteria, They are entirely dependent on the host cell to supply them with ATP and other
intermediates
• There are four recognized species of Chlamydia: Chlamydia trachomatis, C.
psittaci, C. pneumoniae, and C. pecorum. C.trachomatis includes the agents of
trachoma, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), urogenital tract disease, and
inclusion conjunctivitisare being the most commonly known virulent.
Serologically, there is no difference between Species

3. • undergo a unique biphasic developmental cycle, forming distinctive
intracellular inclusions that permit identification by light or
fluorescence microscopy acid-based test.
• Within the C. trachomatis species, there are three biovars or clusters
based on etiologic potential for disease categories. These are the
trachoma, LGV, and murine biovars
• Chlamydiae are susceptible to broad-spectrum antibiotics,
particularly tetracyclines and macrolides of the erythromycin class

4. Background
The clinical stages are acute, subacute and chronic stage
Chlamydia infections can affect the vagina, cervix, and rectum.
Chlamydia can cause Conjunctivitis, Pneumonia, Peritonitis, Proctitis, Urethritis, Cervicitis and
Granulomatous infection
Chlamydia trachomatis and Clamydophila pneumoniae are primary human pathogens.
Chlamydia trachomatis is transmitted by sexual contact. It is the causative agent of LGV
(lymphogranuloma venoreum) and ocular trachoma in humans.
Chlamydophila pneumoniae causes bronchitis, atypical pneumonia, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and
inflammatory atherosclerosis

6. Summary of the publications where human testing for chlamydia infection was conducted in accordance with WHO
guidelines showing test used, prevalence established, and relevance of test.
Reference Location YOS Test used Prevalence Relevance of test (WHO)
Gassowski et al 2022 German 2022 RBPT
C
No results
6.2
+++ (S)
+++ (C)
Kunda et al 2010 Arusha and Manyara 2002-2003 RBPT
cELISA
No results
7.7
+++ (S)
+++ (C)
Bouley et al., 2012 Moshi 2007-2008 MAT 3.5 +++ (S)
Wankyo, 2013 Morogoro 2018 RBPT 23.9 +++ (S)
Chipwaza et al., 2015 Morogoro 2012 IgG ELISA
IgM ELISA
15.4
7
+++ (C)
+++ (C)
Orsel et al., 2015 Arusha/NCA 2011 SAT/FBAT
IgG ELISA
IgM ELISA
5.7
34
2.5
n/c
+++ (C)
+++ (C)
Cash-Goldwasser et al., 2018 Moshi 2012-2014 MAT 8.9 +++ (S)
Carugati et al., 2018 Moshi 2007/2008 MAT 2.2 (2007/08) +++ (S)