China in 2010 displaced Japan to become the second biggest economy in the world. Both countries are the first and second largest economies in the Asia region and both also are part of the world factory, centred in China, that it is Asia, especially East Asia.
Both nations have a long historical relationship but complicated by issues that have to do with Japan invasion of China in the first half of the XX century and now the growing assertiveness of China in the region. Both are the engines of growth in the East Asa region. Japan used to be the largest but now China is becoming it. China is already the biggest trade partner of most countries in the region and its investment is increasing, even if still is behind Japan in this field.
So, a stable relationship between China and Japan is a condition for the continuous growth of the East Asia region. In this article a review of China Japan relation will be done. First trade relationship between China and Japan will be seen, then investment, then exchange of people, then economic aid, and last the political relations mong them will be assessed. A conclusion will follow.
2021 is a special year in Peru's relationship with the People's Republic of China as it marks (in November) 50 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations with that country. China is increasingly important for Peru (and the world as well), as it is the country's largest trading partner, it is becoming the largest investor, and at the present juncture of the pandemic, it is the country that actually provides and will provide Peru with the largest number of vaccines to face the COVID-19 pandemic.
For this reason, Foreign Minister Allan Wagner said that "The relationship with China must be taken with much care" . In this article we will review the state of Peru's relationship with that country, to see what makes it special and why it should be taken with much care.
An introduction will be seen first, where a brief review of the history of relations with that country will be made, then the current commercial relationship will be seen, then the status of Chinese investments in Peru, the political and diplomatic relationship, then the topic of the vaccines, and finally some conclusions will be given.
This document summarizes a policy paper on developing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Laos. It begins with an overview of Laos' transition to a market economy and current economic situation. It then discusses the country's SME policy evolution, including the 2004 Enterprise Law that defined SMEs and outlined priorities like improving regulations, access to finance, and competitiveness. The policy established bodies like the National SME Promotion and Development Office and Committee to implement initiatives that support the objectives of contributing to economic growth, employment, and standards of living. Overall, the document analyzes Laos' strategy and considerations for stimulating private sector development and SME growth as it continues developing its market economy.
The document provides information about Japan's economy and political factors. It discusses Japan's status as the third largest economy in the world but one that is highly dependent on exports and vulnerable to external shocks. It notes that while Prime Minister Abe's economic reforms have helped growth, public debt remains very high and population aging is a concern. Key political factors discussed include Japan's stable one-party rule by the LDP and influence of bureaucratic ministries.
Business Environment in Japan; Marketing Plan fro a commodity ( Anime, Manga,...Neha Patwari
Business Environment in Japan
A commodity that can be traded between Japan and India after considering the relations between the two nations.
A marketing plan for the same and the reason for choosing the commodity.
Economic, Political and Legal Environment of JapanSazedul Ekab
Japan has the third largest economy in the world. It suffered a recession in 2008-2009 due to a drop in global demand for exports. The government has implemented economic reforms known as "Abenomics" focused on monetary easing, fiscal stimulus, and structural reforms to boost growth. However, Japan still faces challenges such as a large public debt, dependence on energy imports, and low inflation. Key economic indicators for Japan include a GDP of $4.6 trillion in 2014, foreign exchange reserves of over $1.2 trillion, and a trade deficit in September 2015.
Georgia Economic Outlook By Vitner July2010LenderJason
This document summarizes the economic outlook for Georgia in July 2010. It finds that Georgia's economy is beginning to see improvement, with job growth and declining unemployment rates over the past few months. However, the recovery is expected to be slow, with employment not returning to pre-recession levels until 2014 at the earliest. Georgia's population growth and low-cost business environment will continue to support its long-term economic growth, but challenges around infrastructure and workforce development remain due to the impacts of the deep recession. The state is also working to strengthen its international trade and investment ties.
TAKING CENTRE STAGE
Richard Yetsenga and Ian Bremmer
Chief Economist, ANZ and President & Founder, Eurasia Group & GZERO Media
19 JUNE 2020
REMAKING THE GLOBAL ORDER
COVID-19 has shaken the global economy at a time when the geopolitical and economic order was already in flux.
2021 is a special year in Peru's relationship with the People's Republic of China as it marks (in November) 50 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations with that country. China is increasingly important for Peru (and the world as well), as it is the country's largest trading partner, it is becoming the largest investor, and at the present juncture of the pandemic, it is the country that actually provides and will provide Peru with the largest number of vaccines to face the COVID-19 pandemic.
For this reason, Foreign Minister Allan Wagner said that "The relationship with China must be taken with much care" . In this article we will review the state of Peru's relationship with that country, to see what makes it special and why it should be taken with much care.
An introduction will be seen first, where a brief review of the history of relations with that country will be made, then the current commercial relationship will be seen, then the status of Chinese investments in Peru, the political and diplomatic relationship, then the topic of the vaccines, and finally some conclusions will be given.
This document summarizes a policy paper on developing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Laos. It begins with an overview of Laos' transition to a market economy and current economic situation. It then discusses the country's SME policy evolution, including the 2004 Enterprise Law that defined SMEs and outlined priorities like improving regulations, access to finance, and competitiveness. The policy established bodies like the National SME Promotion and Development Office and Committee to implement initiatives that support the objectives of contributing to economic growth, employment, and standards of living. Overall, the document analyzes Laos' strategy and considerations for stimulating private sector development and SME growth as it continues developing its market economy.
The document provides information about Japan's economy and political factors. It discusses Japan's status as the third largest economy in the world but one that is highly dependent on exports and vulnerable to external shocks. It notes that while Prime Minister Abe's economic reforms have helped growth, public debt remains very high and population aging is a concern. Key political factors discussed include Japan's stable one-party rule by the LDP and influence of bureaucratic ministries.
Business Environment in Japan; Marketing Plan fro a commodity ( Anime, Manga,...Neha Patwari
Business Environment in Japan
A commodity that can be traded between Japan and India after considering the relations between the two nations.
A marketing plan for the same and the reason for choosing the commodity.
Economic, Political and Legal Environment of JapanSazedul Ekab
Japan has the third largest economy in the world. It suffered a recession in 2008-2009 due to a drop in global demand for exports. The government has implemented economic reforms known as "Abenomics" focused on monetary easing, fiscal stimulus, and structural reforms to boost growth. However, Japan still faces challenges such as a large public debt, dependence on energy imports, and low inflation. Key economic indicators for Japan include a GDP of $4.6 trillion in 2014, foreign exchange reserves of over $1.2 trillion, and a trade deficit in September 2015.
Georgia Economic Outlook By Vitner July2010LenderJason
This document summarizes the economic outlook for Georgia in July 2010. It finds that Georgia's economy is beginning to see improvement, with job growth and declining unemployment rates over the past few months. However, the recovery is expected to be slow, with employment not returning to pre-recession levels until 2014 at the earliest. Georgia's population growth and low-cost business environment will continue to support its long-term economic growth, but challenges around infrastructure and workforce development remain due to the impacts of the deep recession. The state is also working to strengthen its international trade and investment ties.
TAKING CENTRE STAGE
Richard Yetsenga and Ian Bremmer
Chief Economist, ANZ and President & Founder, Eurasia Group & GZERO Media
19 JUNE 2020
REMAKING THE GLOBAL ORDER
COVID-19 has shaken the global economy at a time when the geopolitical and economic order was already in flux.
This document discusses the potential for India to emerge as an economic superpower. It outlines factors that could support India's rise, including its growing economy, large workforce, infrastructure development, and influence through diplomacy. The document also examines how Asian economies are taking on greater leadership roles globally as China's influence grows through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative. While India faces challenges around security, building strong institutions, and ensuring internal peace, its continued economic growth could allow it to one day achieve superpower status to balance China's dominance in Asia.
Policy And Politics International Perspective Paper, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Spring 2006:
The Soviet economy and society declined in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an effort to renovate Communism, but his initiatives unintentionally released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to construct a democratic political system and market economy to replace the strict social, political, and economic controls of the Communist period. While some progress has been made on the economic front, recent years have seen a recentralization of power under Vladimir PUTIN and the erosion of emerging democratic institutions.
The document provides an overview of macroenvironmental factors in Japan. It discusses Japan's demographics, economy, technology, politics, natural environment, and social factors. Examples of how these factors affect major Japanese companies Toyota and Panasonic are also provided. Japan has an aging population, a strong economy as a major exporter and manufacturer, and is a technological leader, especially in robotics. It also faces issues like climate change and resource constraints.
This document summarizes GDP rankings by country in 2019. The United States has the largest GDP at $21.41 trillion, followed by China at $15.54 trillion and Japan at $5.36 trillion. It provides the top 10 country GDP rankings. It also discusses differences between nominal GDP and GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP). The largest three economies in the world by nominal GDP are the United States, China, and Japan. Key factors contributing to the economic strength of each of these three countries are also summarized.
The Grant Thornton emerging markets opportunity index ranks the level of opportunity for investors in 27 emerging economies across the globe. The International Business Report (IBR) 2010 results also offer some relevant insights into the health of the business populations in the emerging markets. Optimism levels amongst businesses in emerging economies have been around 60 percentage points higher than those of their counterparts in more mature economies since 2007.
Please find attached our 2012 Review and 2013 Outlook. This is a sample of the exclusive content our subscribers receive on a daily basis. For more information or a trial please visit bloombergbriefs.com or call Carmon Cheung on +852 2977 4805.
The document summarizes uncertainties facing Japan's future due to the current global recession. Japan is experiencing its worst recession since WWII, with GDP contracting 5.8% in 2009. Exports have sharply declined due to a weaker global economy and a stronger yen. Unemployment is rising from its typical low levels. Deflation and low consumer confidence also pose risks. Japan also faces a loss of national identity and changing social values, as well as an aging population and a rigid labor market. The country's export-focused economy and banking system lack diversification, leaving Japan vulnerable to external shocks. Overall reforms are still needed to strengthen Japan's economy for long-term growth.
By Walden Bello,
President of Freedom from Debt Coalition and Senior Analyst of Focus on the Global South
APEF, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Feb 20, 2009
Prepare For The Coming Stock Price InvasionEcon Matters
Based on the discussion in my previous article (visit my blog) on biflation for the next two years, I also see a potential drag on stock prices by margin squeeze with companies unable to pass through cost increases. In this presentation, I outlined this scenario with four investment strategies.
U.S.A-China Relations, Is China A Friend Or An Enemy?, Policy And Politics International Perspective Paper, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Spring 2006
Background: The relation between U.S.A and China has changed since 1980’s. Today the U.S is the world’s most developed country, while China is the world’s largest developing country. There is a cooperative partnership in many fields between USA and China which is beneficial for both sides. During the last two decades China has practiced remarkable changes. These changes compromise almost all aspects of Chinese society, as well as China’s relations with outside world. Since starting to open up and reform its economy in 1978, China has averaged 9.4 percent annual GDP growth, one of the highest growth rates in the world. China has also attracted hundreds of billions of dollars of foreign investment and more than a trillion dollars of domestic nonpublic investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China has also increased dramatically, rotating China into the 2nd most important recipient of FDI, after the US.
The document provides an overview of the Japanese economy. It discusses Japan's large population and status as the world's third largest economy. However, since 1989 Japan has been stuck in a liquidity trap with low interest rates and inflation. The document then examines Japan's aggregate demand and supply, including consumption, government spending, investment, exports, costs of production, and wages. It notes challenges such as an aging population, low birth rate, high costs, and declining prices of exports. Potential policy solutions proposed include increasing demand through tax cuts or monetary easing.
Japan country workshop including general information, Japan economy, management style, automotive industry, Toyota business case and culture of doing business. I hope you will find it useful.
This document provides information on three major trade blocs: the European Union, the USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement), and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). It outlines the member countries, economic relationships, and trade statistics for each bloc. For the EU, it lists the top 10 trading partners and details trade with India. For the USMCA, it compares changes from NAFTA. And for BRICS, it provides intra-bloc trade shares and discusses India's role in promoting economic cooperation.
China has experienced rapid economic growth and development since implementing market reforms in 1978. It has transitioned from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial and service-based one, with GDP growth averaging around 10% annually. China is now the world's second largest economy and trades heavily, both importing and exporting a wide range of goods. Several economic theories help explain China's growth, such as Lewis model of labor transitioning from agriculture to industry and the Solow model of high savings and investment fueling expansion.
Japan has a highly developed economy that is the third largest in the world, with major industries in manufacturing, services, and exports of machinery, electronics, and motor vehicles. However, Japan faces challenges of an aging population with low birth rates, dependence on imported raw materials, and risks from natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. Overall though, Japan has demonstrated resilience through economic reforms and maintaining a highly skilled workforce.
The document provides an overview of China's economic growth and history. It discusses China's transition from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial and market-based one through various 5-year plans beginning in the 1950s. Key events included the Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s, which resulted in famine, and the Cultural Revolution from 1966-1976, which disrupted the economy. Economic reforms began in 1978 under Deng Xiaoping, opening China up to foreign investment and trade.
B416 The Evolution Of Global Economies Lecture 9 Recent Global Economic Crisi...Pearson College London
The document summarizes key points from a lecture on the global economic crisis that began in 2008. It discusses:
- The origins of the crisis in the US housing bubble and financial innovation that spread risk globally.
- How the crisis led to collapsing trade flows, falling production, and stock market declines from 2008-2009. The trade decline of over 20% was the largest since World War II.
- Government responses through bank bailouts and stimulus packages that increased budget deficits and government debts.
- Differences in impact and recovery across countries and regions. Emerging markets rebounded faster than Europe and Japan, where high debts and internal tensions continue to cause problems.
From regional security to regional integration in west africaKayode Fayemi
This document discusses regional integration in West Africa compared to the ASEAN experience. It provides background on regional organizations and their rationale. It then discusses ECOWAS and its focus on security issues in West Africa rather than economic integration. In contrast, ASEAN has been more successful in promoting trade and investment. The document examines lessons that can be learned from ASEAN's experience to help strengthen economic cooperation within ECOWAS.
Korea has the 15th largest economy in the world. After recovering quickly from the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Korea has maintained steady economic growth and low unemployment. The two main types of foreign investment in Korea are foreign direct investment and portfolio investment, both of which have requirements under the Foreign Investment Promotion Act to facilitate investing in Korea. Logistics is highlighted as a promising sector for foreign investment due to Korea's location and growing logistics market.
Market research on china (exports) (wecompress.com)NavoditThapa
China has experienced rapid economic growth and poverty reduction since economic reforms began in 1978. It is now the world's second largest economy and top exporter, though per capita income remains below many high-income countries. China's exports are concentrated in electrical machinery, machinery, furniture, clothing, and plastics. Its top export partners are the US, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam. While China was heavily focused on manufacturing and exports, it now seeks to transition to higher value production and domestic consumption as growth slows. The COVID-19 pandemic caused an economic contraction but China's economy rebounded in the second quarter of 2020.
This document discusses the potential for India to emerge as an economic superpower. It outlines factors that could support India's rise, including its growing economy, large workforce, infrastructure development, and influence through diplomacy. The document also examines how Asian economies are taking on greater leadership roles globally as China's influence grows through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative. While India faces challenges around security, building strong institutions, and ensuring internal peace, its continued economic growth could allow it to one day achieve superpower status to balance China's dominance in Asia.
Policy And Politics International Perspective Paper, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Spring 2006:
The Soviet economy and society declined in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an effort to renovate Communism, but his initiatives unintentionally released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to construct a democratic political system and market economy to replace the strict social, political, and economic controls of the Communist period. While some progress has been made on the economic front, recent years have seen a recentralization of power under Vladimir PUTIN and the erosion of emerging democratic institutions.
The document provides an overview of macroenvironmental factors in Japan. It discusses Japan's demographics, economy, technology, politics, natural environment, and social factors. Examples of how these factors affect major Japanese companies Toyota and Panasonic are also provided. Japan has an aging population, a strong economy as a major exporter and manufacturer, and is a technological leader, especially in robotics. It also faces issues like climate change and resource constraints.
This document summarizes GDP rankings by country in 2019. The United States has the largest GDP at $21.41 trillion, followed by China at $15.54 trillion and Japan at $5.36 trillion. It provides the top 10 country GDP rankings. It also discusses differences between nominal GDP and GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP). The largest three economies in the world by nominal GDP are the United States, China, and Japan. Key factors contributing to the economic strength of each of these three countries are also summarized.
The Grant Thornton emerging markets opportunity index ranks the level of opportunity for investors in 27 emerging economies across the globe. The International Business Report (IBR) 2010 results also offer some relevant insights into the health of the business populations in the emerging markets. Optimism levels amongst businesses in emerging economies have been around 60 percentage points higher than those of their counterparts in more mature economies since 2007.
Please find attached our 2012 Review and 2013 Outlook. This is a sample of the exclusive content our subscribers receive on a daily basis. For more information or a trial please visit bloombergbriefs.com or call Carmon Cheung on +852 2977 4805.
The document summarizes uncertainties facing Japan's future due to the current global recession. Japan is experiencing its worst recession since WWII, with GDP contracting 5.8% in 2009. Exports have sharply declined due to a weaker global economy and a stronger yen. Unemployment is rising from its typical low levels. Deflation and low consumer confidence also pose risks. Japan also faces a loss of national identity and changing social values, as well as an aging population and a rigid labor market. The country's export-focused economy and banking system lack diversification, leaving Japan vulnerable to external shocks. Overall reforms are still needed to strengthen Japan's economy for long-term growth.
By Walden Bello,
President of Freedom from Debt Coalition and Senior Analyst of Focus on the Global South
APEF, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Feb 20, 2009
Prepare For The Coming Stock Price InvasionEcon Matters
Based on the discussion in my previous article (visit my blog) on biflation for the next two years, I also see a potential drag on stock prices by margin squeeze with companies unable to pass through cost increases. In this presentation, I outlined this scenario with four investment strategies.
U.S.A-China Relations, Is China A Friend Or An Enemy?, Policy And Politics International Perspective Paper, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Spring 2006
Background: The relation between U.S.A and China has changed since 1980’s. Today the U.S is the world’s most developed country, while China is the world’s largest developing country. There is a cooperative partnership in many fields between USA and China which is beneficial for both sides. During the last two decades China has practiced remarkable changes. These changes compromise almost all aspects of Chinese society, as well as China’s relations with outside world. Since starting to open up and reform its economy in 1978, China has averaged 9.4 percent annual GDP growth, one of the highest growth rates in the world. China has also attracted hundreds of billions of dollars of foreign investment and more than a trillion dollars of domestic nonpublic investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China has also increased dramatically, rotating China into the 2nd most important recipient of FDI, after the US.
The document provides an overview of the Japanese economy. It discusses Japan's large population and status as the world's third largest economy. However, since 1989 Japan has been stuck in a liquidity trap with low interest rates and inflation. The document then examines Japan's aggregate demand and supply, including consumption, government spending, investment, exports, costs of production, and wages. It notes challenges such as an aging population, low birth rate, high costs, and declining prices of exports. Potential policy solutions proposed include increasing demand through tax cuts or monetary easing.
Japan country workshop including general information, Japan economy, management style, automotive industry, Toyota business case and culture of doing business. I hope you will find it useful.
This document provides information on three major trade blocs: the European Union, the USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement), and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). It outlines the member countries, economic relationships, and trade statistics for each bloc. For the EU, it lists the top 10 trading partners and details trade with India. For the USMCA, it compares changes from NAFTA. And for BRICS, it provides intra-bloc trade shares and discusses India's role in promoting economic cooperation.
China has experienced rapid economic growth and development since implementing market reforms in 1978. It has transitioned from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial and service-based one, with GDP growth averaging around 10% annually. China is now the world's second largest economy and trades heavily, both importing and exporting a wide range of goods. Several economic theories help explain China's growth, such as Lewis model of labor transitioning from agriculture to industry and the Solow model of high savings and investment fueling expansion.
Japan has a highly developed economy that is the third largest in the world, with major industries in manufacturing, services, and exports of machinery, electronics, and motor vehicles. However, Japan faces challenges of an aging population with low birth rates, dependence on imported raw materials, and risks from natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. Overall though, Japan has demonstrated resilience through economic reforms and maintaining a highly skilled workforce.
The document provides an overview of China's economic growth and history. It discusses China's transition from a largely agricultural economy to an industrial and market-based one through various 5-year plans beginning in the 1950s. Key events included the Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s, which resulted in famine, and the Cultural Revolution from 1966-1976, which disrupted the economy. Economic reforms began in 1978 under Deng Xiaoping, opening China up to foreign investment and trade.
B416 The Evolution Of Global Economies Lecture 9 Recent Global Economic Crisi...Pearson College London
The document summarizes key points from a lecture on the global economic crisis that began in 2008. It discusses:
- The origins of the crisis in the US housing bubble and financial innovation that spread risk globally.
- How the crisis led to collapsing trade flows, falling production, and stock market declines from 2008-2009. The trade decline of over 20% was the largest since World War II.
- Government responses through bank bailouts and stimulus packages that increased budget deficits and government debts.
- Differences in impact and recovery across countries and regions. Emerging markets rebounded faster than Europe and Japan, where high debts and internal tensions continue to cause problems.
From regional security to regional integration in west africaKayode Fayemi
This document discusses regional integration in West Africa compared to the ASEAN experience. It provides background on regional organizations and their rationale. It then discusses ECOWAS and its focus on security issues in West Africa rather than economic integration. In contrast, ASEAN has been more successful in promoting trade and investment. The document examines lessons that can be learned from ASEAN's experience to help strengthen economic cooperation within ECOWAS.
Korea has the 15th largest economy in the world. After recovering quickly from the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Korea has maintained steady economic growth and low unemployment. The two main types of foreign investment in Korea are foreign direct investment and portfolio investment, both of which have requirements under the Foreign Investment Promotion Act to facilitate investing in Korea. Logistics is highlighted as a promising sector for foreign investment due to Korea's location and growing logistics market.
Market research on china (exports) (wecompress.com)NavoditThapa
China has experienced rapid economic growth and poverty reduction since economic reforms began in 1978. It is now the world's second largest economy and top exporter, though per capita income remains below many high-income countries. China's exports are concentrated in electrical machinery, machinery, furniture, clothing, and plastics. Its top export partners are the US, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam. While China was heavily focused on manufacturing and exports, it now seeks to transition to higher value production and domestic consumption as growth slows. The COVID-19 pandemic caused an economic contraction but China's economy rebounded in the second quarter of 2020.
While China's economy is larger and more developed than India's based on GDP, GDP growth, and GDP per capita, both countries have undergone significant economic reforms and liberalization in recent decades. China began reforms earlier in 1978, transitioning to a more market-based economy, while India's reforms were more hesitant and piecemeal until a crisis in 1991 led to broader reforms. Both countries have seen strong growth in recent years, especially in manufacturing and services, but China's economy remains substantially larger and its growth rates higher.
The document discusses the business environment in China by examining the economic, political, and cultural factors that influence business practices. It summarizes that China has a huge potential market but also poses risks due to differences in its political system and culture. The economy has grown significantly through foreign investment and trade, though challenges remain around infrastructure, currency policy, and human rights issues. Understanding these environmental factors is important for foreign businesses operating in China.
An overview of India USA trade relation today and tomorrowmarketxceldata
This document provides an overview of trade relations between India and the United States. It notes that trade has grown significantly from $16 billion in 1999 to $142 billion in 2018, making the US India's 8th largest trading partner. However, tensions have also increased around issues like tariffs, investment limits, agriculture, intellectual property, medical devices, and the digital economy. It then discusses projections showing India's economic growth rate being revised downward due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with organizations like the IMF forecasting growth of just 1.9% in FY2021 compared to earlier predictions of over 5%.
An overview of india japan trade relation today and tomorrowmarketxceldata
Economic relations between India and Japan have vast potential for growth, given the obvious complementarities that exist between the two Asian economies. Japan's interest in India is increasing due to a variety of reasons including India's big and growing market and its resources, especially the human resources. The signing of the historic India-Japan Comprehensive Economic PartnershipAgreement (CEPA) and its implementation from August 2011 has accelerated economic and commercial relations between the two countries.
For Inquiry Visit Us: https://www.market-xcel.com/contact.html
China has the world's second largest economy and was the fastest growing major economy over the last 30 years. It began economic reforms in 1978 under Deng Xiaoping and now has an annual GDP growth rate around 6%. China is also the largest trading nation, manufacturer, and exporter in the world. Foreign investment in Chinese stocks and bonds has grown significantly in recent years.
The Effects of China's membership in WTO on Hong Kong EconomyNAMI TAHERI
The document discusses factors that have contributed to China's economic growth over the past few decades, including high investment and savings rates, market-oriented reforms, Hong Kong's role in facilitating trade and finance, and China's entry into the WTO. While China has experienced significant growth, issues remain such as regional economic disparities, environmental degradation, and political and social challenges.
1. Global activity easing
2. Slowdown most apparent in euro area
3. China transitioning to slower growth, service economy
4. Central banks pulling back from tightening
5. UK growth dependent on Brexit: exit deal could see GDP growth > 1.0% this year, no deal growth could be < 0.5%
6. Risks to global growth tilting to downside
China Falters While India Reclaims Its Economical Swagger.pdfnavyagurram3
India has an elephant-like economy. Analysts frequently remark that although the most populous country in the world is difficult to move, once it does, it becomes a formidable force.
China has the second largest economy globally and is projected to surpass the US by 2020. It has experienced strong and consistent GDP growth for decades, averaging around 7-9% annually, though growth has slowed recently. China has a one-party communist government and is transitioning its economy from manufacturing and exports to more domestic consumption and innovation. It faces challenges from a slowing housing market and global economic uncertainties.
This document analyzes Peru's economic relations with East Asian countries, with a focus on trade, investment, and cooperation. It finds that while trade relations have grown in recent decades, the relationship remains asymmetric with Peru mainly exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods. To better leverage the relationship, Peru could learn from East Asia's development model of promoting industry and technology. The region represents a major growth opportunity for Peru given East Asia's rapid economic expansion, led by China. However, Peru must make further efforts to understand these markets to achieve more balanced, profitable relations over the long term.
The China Compass is a dynamic presentation of the latest macroeconomic data for a wide range of indicators for China, as well as other major world economies. It presents a comprehensive picture of the ever-changing and evolving Chinese landscape and contains up-to-date statistics, topical themes and insights. It is presented in a reader-friendly format as a useful desk reference for executives with a China agenda.
The China Compass - Figures, Forecast and Analysis - January 2014Daniel Galvez
The China Compass is a dynamic presentation of the latest macroeconomic data for a wide range of indicators for China, as well as other major world economies. It presents a comprehensive picture of the ever-changing and evolving Chinese landscape and contains up-to-date statistics, topical themes and insights. It is presented in a reader-friendly format as a useful desk reference for executives with a China agenda.
Since our last edition, developed economies have slowly recovered from the after-effects of the global financial crisis, leading to a brighter global economic outlook. However, with China's GDP growth easing to 7.8% in 2012 and 7.7% year-on-year in the first three quarters of 2013, corporations and governments alike are grappling with the realisation that China's era of double-digit growth is over, and are searching for clarity to appropriately shape their future agenda with and in China.
Internally, China's fifth generation of leaders led by President Xi Jinping must convince an immense bureaucracy to implement an ambitious economic blueprint for the next decade. The blueprint includes long-anticipated economic and social reforms aimed at keeping China's increasingly complex economy on a path of sustainable growth.
The theme for this edition is 'China's Ongoing Transformation', which covers China's changing political, economic and social patterns.
The China Compass - Figures, Forecast and Analysis - January 2014William Dey-Chao
The 7-member Standing Committee of the Politburo is the highest decision-making body in China
Source: PRC government website; The Beijing Axis Analysis
The Beijing Axis 13
The new leadership has outlined an ambitious reform agenda to shift China
towards a more sustainable growth model
Key Elements of China’s Reform Agenda
Political Reforms
Economic Reforms
Social Reforms
- Rule of law
- Constitutional reform
- Separation of powers
- Grassroots democracy
- Transparency
- Anti-corruption drive
- Market-based allocation of
resources
- Interest rate liberalisation
- Exchange rate flexibility
- SOE reform
- Private
Economy of South Korea and Economy of China assignment from International Dev...Md. Moazzem Hossain
This document is an assignment comparing the economies of South Korea and China. It includes sections providing detailed information on key economic indicators and statistics of both countries. South Korea has a highly developed market economy that is currently the 15th largest in the world by GDP. China has the second largest economy and has experienced extremely rapid economic growth in recent decades under its socialist market system. Both countries rely heavily on international trade and exports, with China now the largest exporter and South Korea the 7th largest.
http://profitableinvestingtips.com/investing-tips/what-happened-to-the-brics
What Happened to the BRICS?
A few years ago the BRICS nations seemed ready to move into the first ranks of the world economy. Today the economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are having their problems. What happened to the BRICS? Radio Free Europe reports on BRICS woes.
Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa — the BRICS — hope to move the world away from the U.S. dollar and Western-dominated financial institutions, which they say do not meet the needs of emerging economies.
But steep drops in recent weeks in the currencies of the five countries, which account for 40 percent of the world’s population and about one-fifth of global economic output, underscore how difficult it would be for any of them to take the dollar’s place.
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1. China - Japan relations and the East Asia region
China in 2010 displaced Japan to become the second biggest economy in the world. Both
countries are the first and second largest economies in the Asia region and both also are part of
the world factory, centred in China, that it is Asia, especially East Asia.
Both nations have a long historical relationship but complicated by issues that have to do with
Japan invasion of China in the first half of the XX century and now the growing assertiveness of
China in the region. Both are the engines of growth in the East Asa region. Japan used to be the
largest but now China is becoming it. China is already the biggest trade partner of most
countries in the region and its investment is increasing, even if still is behind Japan in this field.
So, a stable relationship between China and Japan is a condition for the continuous growth of
the East Asia region. In this article a review of China Japan relation will be done. First trade
relationship between China and Japan will be seen, then investment, then exchange of people,
then economic aid, and last the political relations mong them will be assessed. A conclusion will
follow.
I. Introduction
In the last 3 decades the Japan have experienced a low economic growth rate. Since 1990 after
the burst of the “bubble economy” the country has experienced low GDP annual growth rates,
in what Japanese call “lost decades”. Meanwhile China has experienced high growth rates of its
GDP, since the reform and open policy implemented at the end of the 1970s, but from the
second half of the last decade its pace of growth has diminished. See Graphic 1.
Graphic 1: China and Japan Real GDP growth, annual percentage change
Source: IMF DATAMAPPER https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/CHN/JAP/JPN
But Japan is already a matured, industrialized economy, with a GDP per capita of over 40
thousand dollars, and China is still considered a developing economy with a GDP per capita of
just 10 thousand dollars.
According to statistics from the latest Global Economic Prospects published by the World Bank
on January 11, 2022, the COVID-10 pandemics hit very hard Japan in 2020 and its recovery has
been slow, while China managed to grow and last year 2021 specially achieved a very strong
growth rate. See Table 1.
Table 1:
2. Source: World Bank: Global Economic Prospects January 2022
II. Trade in goods
As it is seen in Table 2, China is the biggest market for Japanese goods, accounting for 22.0%
of total in the year 2020, and the second biggest was United States with 18.5% of total.
Table 2: List of major markets for Japanese
exports
Unit : US Dollar thousand
Importers
Exported
value in 2016
Exported
value in 2017
Exported
value in 2018
Exported
value in 2019
Exported
value in 2020
World 645,589,410 698,021,623 738,164,252 705,842,013 640,953,137
China 113,946,189 132,760,341 144,046,136 134,719,884 141,322,302
UnitedStates of America 130,718,068 135,071,360 140,656,292 140,468,605 118,723,609
Korea, Republic of 46,282,336 53,276,519 52,479,456 46,282,733 44,658,431
Taipei, Chinese 39,337,034 40,638,392 42,391,676 43,013,040 44,403,796
HongKong, China 33,658,590 35,433,758 34,721,568 33,632,061 31,993,214
Thailand 27,425,959 29,427,452 32,272,971 30,195,432 25,514,386
3. Singapore 19,862,199 22,652,218 23,409,813 20,173,990 17,694,529
Germany 17,670,716 18,943,142 20,890,775 20,233,415 17,592,633
Viet Nam 13,003,579 15,051,393 16,434,251 16,488,929 17,109,773
Malaysia 12,151,739 12,761,396 13,940,724 13,295,572 12,588,499
Source: International Trade Centre: Trade Map
As it is seen in Table 3, China is the biggest source of imports for Japan, accounting for 25.8%
of total in the year 2020, and the second was United States with only 11.3% of total.
Table 3: List of mains sources of Japanese imports
Unit : US Dollar thousand
Exporters
Imported value
in 2016
Imported value
in 2017
Imported value
in 2018
Imported value
in 2019
Imported value
in 2020
World 608,071,912 672,100,069 749,092,205 720,964,445 634,678,167
China 156,848,668 164,587,366 173,814,744 169,236,468 163,760,523
UnitedStates of America 69,352,123 73,972,186 83,668,363 81,259,414 71,703,352
Australia 30,490,161 38,919,119 45,733,812 45,461,975 35,654,301
Taipei, Chinese 23,001,238 25,391,415 27,134,971 26,860,116 26,762,797
Korea, Republic of 25,066,850 28,110,663 32,149,067 29,629,342 26,591,377
Thailand 20,177,296 22,738,475 25,086,988 25,362,817 23,764,572
Viet Nam 16,268,510 18,538,148 21,144,681 22,476,790 22,042,028
Germany 22,064,107 23,424,849 25,989,329 24,936,102 21,221,139
Saudi Arabia 19,607,267 27,773,705 33,814,637 27,665,618 18,452,565
UnitedArabEmirates 17,331,269 20,764,354 27,609,974 26,196,772 16,391,766
Source: International Trade Centre: Trade Map
Regarding export markets for China, the United Sates is the biggest destination for its goods
with 17.5% of total and in second place is Hong Kong with 10.5%. Japan is in third place with
5.5% of the total. See Table 4.
Table 4: List of major markets for Chinese
exports
Unit : US Dollar thousand
Importers
Exported value
in 2016
Exported value
in 2017
Exported value
in 2018
Exported value
in 2019
Exported value
in 2020
World 2,118,980,582 2,271,796,142 2,494,230,195 2,498,569,866 2,590,607,686
UnitedStates of America 388,145,454 431,664,273 479,701,581 418,584,250 452,576,771
HongKong, China 292,214,997 280,975,081 302,960,301 279,616,724 272,658,016
Japan 129,450,377 137,368,622 147,235,099 143,223,969 142,641,690
Viet Nam 61,585,175 72,117,144 84,015,799 98,004,333 113,813,694
Korea, Republic of 94,659,513 102,834,413 109,028,749 110,984,862 112,504,010
Germany 65,768,897 71,224,289 77,908,711 79,706,091 86,823,917
Netherlands 57,746,634 67,325,060 73,124,185 73,945,370 79,010,191
UnitedKingdom 56,261,404 57,039,880 56,987,896 62,275,959 72,605,125
India 58,920,648 67,925,121 76,880,637 74,924,285 66,726,981
Taipei, Chinese 40,400,323 43,934,720 48,656,780 55,079,733 60,141,641
Source: International Trade Centre: Trade Map
4. For China, the biggest source of its imports is Taiwan (Taipei, Chinese), with 9.7% of the total,
and the second is Japan with 8.5% in 2020. See Table 5.
Table 5: List of mains source of Chinese imports
Unit : US Dollar thousand
Exporters
Imported value
in 2016
Imported value
in 2017
Imported value
in 2018
Imported value
in 2019
Imported value
in 2020
World 1,588,695,867 1,840,957,060 2,134,987,265 2,068,950,255 2,055,590,612
Taipei, Chinese 139,715,214 154,796,770 177,345,362 172,800,947 200,664,323
Japan 145,771,152 165,494,647 180,401,786 171,523,312 174,867,747
Korea, Republic of 159,168,781 177,523,904 204,566,451 173,553,267 172,756,030
UnitedStates of America 135,047,253 154,839,684 156,004,357 123,235,656 135,996,513
China 128,794,412 132,604,645 146,381,812 129,525,387 125,277,787
Australia 70,233,044 94,632,692 105,083,923 119,608,314 114,836,642
Germany 86,118,708 96,932,837 106,257,241 105,037,212 105,261,229
Brazil 45,603,468 58,476,878 77,141,726 79,203,569 84,083,784
Viet Nam 37,216,721 50,374,166 64,087,360 64,078,465 78,474,632
Malaysia 49,118,293 53,961,162 63,321,954 71,629,893 74,733,134
Source: International Trade Centre: Trade Map
As it is seen China and Japan are both important trade partners of each other. In fact, for China,
Japan is an important source of capital and intermediate goods necessary to assemble goods,
many of which are exported to the world. For Japan,China is even more important, as it is its
largest export destination and its biggest source of imports. Both countries are part of the global
supply chains that has made possible to the East Asia region to become the factory of the world.
Both are members also of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, RCEP, the
biggest economic integration group in the world that came into force in January 1, 2022. Thanks
to this, trade and investment relations between both countries will increase. But there are some
problems in the horizon.
Due to the ongoing economic competition between China and the United States, there is a trend
toward “decoupling” among them. US want to be less reliant on China and want its allies to do
that also. Japan itself sees depending too much in China as something not good. That is why
some measures are being implemented to avoid that, and of one of them is for example an
“economic security bill” that is being promoted by the government and that could make buying
parts and components from China more difficult1
.
III. Investment
Regarding Foreign Direct Investment, FDI, Japan is one of the biggest, if not the biggest,
foreign investor in China. In 2020 it invested there 10.7 billion dollars in China, from a total of
around 152.3 billion dollars Japan invested abroad that year. China was the largest destination
for Japan investment in Asia, and the sixth largest in the world, after United Sates in first place,
followed by Luxemburg, Switzerland, Netherlands, and Australia. See Table 6.
1 See Asia Nikkei: “Corporate Japan fears economic security bill´simpacton China trade”, January 16,
2022 https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Comment/Corporate-Japan-fears-economic-security-bill-s-
impact-on-China-trade
5. Table 6: FDI flow (Based on Balance of Payments, net), by Country and Region, Historical Data
(Japan outward FDI)
Source: JETRO:Japanese Trade and Investment Statistics, Japan's Outward and Inward Foreign Direct
Investment https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/reports/statistics
By FDI stock, from 1996 to 2020 Japan has invested a total of 143.4 billion dollars in China,
and it was the fourth largest destination for Japan, after United States in first place, United
Kingdom, and Netherlands. In that period Japan invested abroad a total of 1.9 trillion dollars2
.
According to statistics from IMF, based on figures reported by China, at the end of 2020 Japan
has invested there a total of 193.3 billion dollars, this amount being the third largest investment
from abroad for China, after Hong Kong in first place and Virgin Islands in second, from a total
received by China of 3.2 trillion dollars3
. See also table 7.
Table 7: FDI received by China, as of end of 2020
2 See JETRO: Japanese Trade and Investment Statistics, Japan's Outward and Inward Foreign Direct
Investment: FDI stock (Based on International Investment Position, net) 1996-2020,Outward
3 See IMF Coordinated DirectInvestment Survey: Direct Investment Position (Inward and Outward),
Table 1: Inward Direct Investment position,as of end of 2020,Reporting Economy: China PR: Mainland
https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=61227424
6. Source: See IMF Coordinated DirectInvestmentSurvey: DirectInvestment Position(Inwardand Outward)
Japan traditionally has received, compared to other industrialized economies, little FDI, but in
the last years this have been increasing. In 2020 China was the second largest investor from
Asia, with 1.3 billion dollars, from a world total of 62.7 billion dollars received by Japan that
year. See Table 8.
Table 8: FDI flow (Based on Balance of Payments, net), by Country and Region, Historical Data
(Japan inward FDI)
Continuation ………
Source: JETRO:Japanese Trade and Investment Statistics, Japan's Outward and Inward Foreign Direct
Investment https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/reports/statistics
7. IV. Economic aid from Japan to China
Japan has given a significant amount of economic aid to China but in October 2018 Prime
Minister Shinzo Abe in a visit to China announced the end of this4
.
Japan economic aid to China began in 1979 and until the first decade of the XXI century China
received large amounts of Japanese official development assistance,ODA. In severalyears it
was the main beneficiary of Japan´s ODA and even in the year 2005 China was the second
largest recipient, with around 1 billion dollars that year5
. Also, Japan was the main donor to
China even until some years ago. Up to the year 2009 Japan gave to China a total of 20.9 billion
dollars in ODA6
. This includes government loans, grant aid, and technical assistance.
V. Exchange ofpeople
China become the biggest source of foreign tourists to Japan in the last years. In 2019, before
the Covid-19 pandemics halted tourism, around 9.6 million Chinese visited Japan, a big increase
from the 1.4 million Chinese that visited Japan in 20107
. See Graphic 2.
Graphic 2:
Source: JTB TourismResearch & Consulting Co.
The total of foreigners that visited Japan in 2019 was 31.9 million, so Chinese represented
around 30% of the total8
.
4 Japan´s MOFA: White Paper on Development Cooperation 2019
https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/page_000017.html
5 See Carlos Aquino:“Relaciones Económicas China-Japón:Los dos gigantes de Asia cada vez mas
integrados”in Pensamiento Critico No. 14,Magazine of the Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas,San
Marcos National University,december 2010, pages 9-25
https://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/econo/article/view/9090/7921
6 See document in Japanese languageof the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Table5, page 5
https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/shiryo/kuni/10_databook/pdfs/01-04.pdf
7 See JTB Tourism Research & Consulting Co.: Japan-bound statistics
https://www.tourism.jp/en/tourism-database/stats/inbound/
8. Japan is one of the most popular destinations for China tourists, but in the case of Japanese
going abroad, China is not the most popular destination, and in fact every year less Japanese
are going to China nowadays. In 2018 only 2.69 million went there and it is a downward
trend, with the maximum number achieved in 2010 when 3.73 million went there9
. See
Graphic 3 also.
Graphic 3:
Source: Statista
In another subject, Chinese students are the largest number of foreign students in Japan. As
of May 2019, of the total number of 312,214 foreign students in Japan, 39.9% or 124,436
were from China10
. See Table 9.
Table 9: Number of internationals students in Japan, by nationality, as of May 1, 2019
8 See Nippon.com: “New record for international visitorsfor Japan”January 27,2020
https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00631/new-record-for-international-visitors-to-
japan.html#:~:text=The%20Japan%20Tourism%20Agency%20announced,increase%20of%202.2%25%20
from%202018.
9 See Statista: “Number of Japanesetravelers to China from 2009 to 2018”
https://www.statista.com/statistics/786613/number-japanese-travelers-to-
china/#:~:text=In%202018%2C%20the%20number%20of,2010%2C%20with%20about%203.7%20million.
10 JASSO, Japan Student Service Organizaton:“Result of an annual survey of international students in
Japan 2019”, April 2020,page 4 https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/_mt/2020/08/date2019z_e.pdf
9. Source:JASSO, Japan Student Service Organizaton
Japan was the third most popular place for Chinese students to go. According to the South
China Morning Post “Of the 703,500 Chinese nationals studying abroad in 2019, 20 per
cent or 140,786 were in Australia, 24.5 per cent were in the US, and 17.6 per cent were in
Japan, according to figures from China’s education ministry, the Japan Student Services
Organisation, and Australia’s federalgovernment”11
.
But there are moves to limit the access of Chinese students to Japanese Universities, to
prevent them accessing “sensitive” science and technology subjects12
. This is in line with
the growing scrutiny that Chinese students and scholars are having in US universities and
research centres.
On the other hand, not many Japanese students go to China. In fact,nowadays not many
Japanese go abroad for studies. According to a survey, in 2019 around 77,953 Japanese
went abroad for study, most of them to the United States,19,405 students, but only 818
went to China. China was the 10th
largest destination for Japanese students abroad that
year13
.
11 See South China MorningPost: “As Japan and Australia guard tech research, could China fears affect
competitiveness?” 15 January,2022 https://www.scmp.com/week-
asia/politics/article/3163304/australia-and-japan-universities-guard-tech-research-could-china
12 See South China MorningPost: “As Japan and Australia guard tech research, could China fears affect
competitiveness?” 15 January,2022 https://www.scmp.com/week-
asia/politics/article/3163304/australia-and-japan-universities-guard-tech-research-could-china
13 See felca.org: Japan Association of Overseas Studies, JAOS 2021 Survey on the number of Japanese
studyingabroad,12 June 2021: https://www.felca.org/jaos-2021-survey-on-the-number-of-japanese-
studying-abroad/
10. At the end of June 2020 there were 2,885,904 foreigners in Japan, and the largest number is
from China, 786,830 persons, that included 119,302 students and 278,950 long-term
residents. Chinese represented around 27.3% of the total of foreigners living in Japan14
.
Finally, Chinese and Japanese do not have a favourable opinion of each other. According to
a recent publication “In 2021 some 71% of Japanese said China posed a “threat”, up from
63% in 2020. Likewise, 66% of Chinese had negative views of Japan, up from 53%”15
.
VI. Political relations
China and Japan have a long historic relationship and Japan at the beginning learned many
things from China, from the writing system and the form of government to the planning of
cities. But Japan become the first country in Asia to industrialize and invaded China in the
1930s. This created a spirit of animosity in China toward Japan that continues up to now.
But when China began its reform and open policy at the end of the 1970s Japan was in a sense a
model to follow by China and contributed with economic aid and its companies have invested a
lot of money in China and transferred technology16
.
After the Second World War China and Japan relations began in 1972 and this year marks the
50th anniversary of that.
Relations have had it ups and downs since 1972. One recent problem is the issue of the Senkaku
islands, a territory occupied by Japan, but that China claims as its own territory, and call it
Diaoyu islands. Another is the growing assertiveness of China in the South China Sea,a place
that China sees it mostly as its own, but this is disputed by not only Japan but other countries in
the region.
The current Japanese Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, is said to know more about China than
other Japanese leaders because he was Foreign Ministry before, from 2012 to 201717
. He had to
deal with the aftermath of the nationalization by the Japanese government of the Senkaku
islands, that arose a strong China response.
High level political meetings have not been common in the last years. Japan latest state visit to
China was by Prime Minister Abe in October 2018, and President Xi Jinping was supposed to
visit Japan in the first month of 2020, but this was not made possible with the outbreak of
Covid-19 pandemics.
Japan is a member of the Quad and a leading advocate of the Indo Pacific vision. China sees it
as an instrument to contain it. Japan is an ally of the United States. Another element that irritates
China is the position that Japan has adopted respected to Taiwan, when in severalsummit last
year with its partners in United States,European Union, and Australia, for example, have
mentioned in the joint communiques the “importance of peace and stability across the Taiwan
Strait and “encouraged the peacefulresolution of cross-Straits issues”18
.
14 See Immigration Services Agency of Japan: “Statistics on foreign residents in Japan”end of June
2020https://www.isa.go.jp/en/policies/statistics/toukei_ichiran_touroku.html
15 See The Economist: “How Japan see China”,January 1st, 2022,edition
https://www.economist.com/asia/2022/01/01/how-japan-sees-china
16 See Ezra Vogel: “China and Japan -FacingHistory”,The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,
2019
17 See Japan Times: “How Kishida´spolitical journey has shaped his viewon China”, January 3, 2022
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/01/03/national/politics-diplomacy/kishida-background-
china-views/
18 See East Asian Forum: “The Taiwan factor in US–Japan alliancerelations”
11. US and Japan relationship have become stronger in the last years. Just less than two weeks ago,
there was the two plus two meeting of foreign and defence ministers (an online meeting). In the
meeting both countries reaffirmed their compromise of a strong alliance and devised means to
counter what they described as “growing challenge to challenge unilaterally and coercively the
status quo”, and for strengthen Japan Self-Defense Forces´posture on its southwestern islands.
They even mentioned again their common posture in Taiwan19
.
VII. Conclusions
Relations between China and Japan are very strong in terms of trade and investment, and both
are the main economies in the East Asia region. The recent entrance into effect of RCEP will
foster that relationship.
Japan is a strong ally of the US and if relations between US and China deteriorate, this could
affect China Japan relations. The growing assertiveness of China in the region, commensurate
with its growing economic presence,has made Japan and other countries wary of China. Many
will prefer the continuous presence of US in the region to balance China presence. It is because
China is by far the biggest economy in the region. China GDP size is around four times of
Japan, the second largest, and China population is more than the population combined of the
rest of the region´s population.
There are severalchallenges in the East Asia region that would require China and Japan to work
together. These are,for example, a North Korea regime bent on increasing its military
capabilities and posing a danger the whole region, also the climate change that will affect
seriously the region with environment contamination and rising sea levels.
The East Asia region after the Second World War saw a strong presence of United States,that
guaranteed a Pax Americana, and a growing market for goods produced in the region. But Japan
and the region must deal with a growing China presence. The way this will be managed will
decide the future of the region, its peace and stability, and its continuous presence as the factory
of the world.
January 19, 2022
6 September 2021 https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/09/06/the-taiwan-factor-in-us-japan-alliance-
relations/
19 See Asia Nikkei: “US, Japan to develop counter-hypersonic capabilities:2-plus-2”,January 7, 2022
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Indo-Pacific/U.S.-Japan-to-develop-counter-
hypersonic-capabilities-2-plus-2