The document discusses the production technology of chilli (Capsicum annum L.), highlighting its origin, significance in kitchens, and the increasing demand in the pharmaceutical industry. It covers various cultivars in India, their characteristics, management practices from sowing to harvest, and pest and disease control measures. Additionally, it includes guidance on soil preparation, planting, irrigation, and fertilization to optimize yield.

1. ADVANCED – PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY OF CHILLI

2. Introduction of chilli
• BOTANICAL NAME : Capsicum annum L.
• FAMILY: Solanaceae
• Origin : Tropical America
• Tropical and sub tropical regions .
• The fruits are rich in vitamin, especially in vitamin A
and C.
• It is very important and indispensible item in every
kitchen for its pungency, spicy taste, besides the
appealing colour which adds to the food.

3. • Due to its several medicinal values, the demand of
chilli in the pharmaceutial industries is increasing
day to day.
• Chilli is one of the most valuable crops of India.
• It is used in India as a principle ingredient of various
curries and chutneys.
• Chilli - hot peppers
• Capsicums - bell peppers or sweet peppers.
• Green/ dried fruits are pungent

4. • pollination – bees
• Often cross pollinated
• Fruit type – multi seeded berry
• Chief constituent of pericarp,core and placenta is
a colorless principle – capsaicin or capsicutin -
pungency
• Major pigment – Capsanthin or capsorubin
• Yellow color – lutein

5. Species
• Highly pungent chilli – Capsicum frutescens
(Bird pepper/perennial chilli)
• Purple flowering – C.pubescens
• White flowering- C.annum,C.baccatum
• PM rest sp – C.pubescens ,C.microcarpum
• Anthracnose rst sp C.chinensis

6. Cultivars
• Wide range of cultivars with various pod and plant
characteristics, capsaicin content, duration and
yield are available in chilli.
• Major producer – AP
• INDIA is the major producer,consumer,exporter
• Highest pungency – Bhut Jolokia /Naga king chilli–
10k SHU
• Lowest pungency – Bell pepper

7. Varieties
• K 1 , K 2 , Co 2 , Co 4 ,PKM 1 , PMK 1( for semi try
conditions in southern districts ), PLR 1 , ( for
coastal regions of north-east tamilnadu) and
KKM ( CH )1.
HYBRIDS:
TNAU chilli hybrid Co 1.

8. Co 1( 1979)
• Reselection from sattur samba.
• Fruits are long , bright red in colour
• Yield – 2.10 tonnes/ha
• Crop duration – 210 days
• High capsaicin content ( 0.72mg/g)

9. Co 2 (1982)
• Selection form nambiyur local ‘Gundu type’
• Fruits are thick and red in colour with high seed
content and pungency.
• Yield – 2.20 tonnes/ ha
• Crop duration – 210 days

10. Co 3 (1991)
• Selection from OP type introduced from Sri Lanka.
• Suitable for close planting (30 X 15cm) and less affected by
heavy wind.
• Yield – 3.00-3.50tonnes/ha -dry pod
• 15 – 18tonnes/ha -green chilli
• Crop duration 165 days
• High oleoresin content (13%).

11. CO 4 (2000)
• It is pureline selection from an OP type introduced
from Sri Lanka.
• Suitable for making chutney, curry and pickles low
pungency (0.29% capsaicin)
• Yield – 23 tonnes/ha in green chilli
• Crop duration – 165 days

12. TNAU Hybrid chilli Co 1
• Unripe fruits light green in colour, elongated,
tapering towards the tip and 10,5 to 12.0 cm long.
• Capsaicin – 0.58, oleoresin – 14.0.
• Yield – dry pod - 6.74 t/ha
green chilli -28.10 t/ha.
• Crop duration – 195-205 days

13. K 1
• It is a pure line selection form an Assam type B 72 A.
• Suitable for rain fed cultivation.
• Yield – 1.8 tonnes/ha -dry pods
• Duration -210 days

14. K 2
• It was a cross of k1 and sattur samba
• Yield – 2.1tonnes/ha -dry pods
• Crop duration – 210 days

15. KKM (CH1)
• High yield – 3.03 tonnes/ha of dry fruits with high capsaicin
content ( 0.54%).
• Early maturity - first harvest 92 days after planting
• non shrivelling nature even after drying
Suitable for export

16. PMK 1
• It is a hybrid derivative of the cross Co 2 X Ramanad
mundu
• Suitable for rainfed cultivation
• Yield – 2.3tonnes/ha dry pods

17. PLR 1
• It is a pureline selection from kandangadu type
• Yield – 18.40tonnes/ha green chilli
• Crop duration – 210 days
• Suitable for pickling using buttermilk

18. • Pusa jwala – Tol to thrips , mites, aphids.
• Pusa sadabahar- res to CMV ,TMV, TLCV
• Arka Suphal – res to powdery mildew
• Arka lohit – tol to powdery mildew , both irrigated
and rainfed .
• Konkan Keerthi- export variety
• Puri red – res to mosaic disease
• Jawala Mukhi- suitable for HTP
• Utkal reshmi – res to bacterial wilt
• Punjab surakh – multiple disease resistant variety
• Arka abhir, Punjab lal – suitable for colour extraction

19. SOIL
• Well drained loamy soils rich in organic matter with
PH range – 6.5 to 7.5
• Season of sowing :
1. january- february
2. june- july
3. september- october
Climate
Fruit drop and poor fruit set - >40˚c
Flower drop - >35˚c

20. SEED RATE
• Varieties - 1.0kg/ha
• Hybrids - 200-250g/ha
• Nursery area - 100 sq.m /ha

21. SEED TREATMENT
• Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg or
Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg and sow in lines
spaced at 10cm in raised nursery beds and cover with
sand.
• Watering with rose can has to be done daily.
• Drench the nursery with copper oxychloride @ 2.5g/l of
water at 15 days interval against damping off disease.
• Apply carbofuran 3 G at 10 g/sq.m at sowing.

22. PROTECTED NURSERY
• Prepare the nursery area of 3 cents with slanting slope
of 2% for the seedling production to cover 1 ha.
• Cover the nursery area with 50% shade net and cover
the sides using 40/50 mesh insect proof nylon net.
• Form raised beds of 1 m width and convenient length
and place HDPV pipes at 2m interval for further
protection with polythene sheets during rainy
monthly.

23. • Mix sterilized coco peat @ 300kg with 5kg neem
cake along with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria
each @ 1kg.
• Approximately 1.2 kg of cocopeat is required for
filling one protray.
• 300 protrays (98 cells) are required for the
production of 29000 seedlings, which are required
for one hectare adopting a spacing of
90X60X45 cm in a paired row system.

24. • Sow the treated seed in protrays @ 1 seed per cell.
• Cover the seed with cocopeat and keep the trays one
above the other and cover with a polythene sheet till
germination starts.
• After 6 days place the protrays with germinated
seedling individually on the raised beds inside the
shade net.

25. • Water with rose can everyday upto seed
germination.
• Drench with 19:19:19 @ 0.5% (5g/l) at 18 days after
sowing.

26. FIELD PREPARATION
• Thoroughly prepare the field with the addition of
FYM @ 25 t/ha and form ridges and furrows at a
spacing of 60 cm .
• Apply 2kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2kg /ha of
phosphobacteria by mixing with 20kg of FYM.
• Irrigate the furrows and transport 40-45 days old
seedlings, with the ball of earth on the ridges.

27. SPACING
• VARIETIES : 60 X 45 cm
• HYBRIDS : 75 X 60 cm

28. WEED CONTROL
• Apply pendimethalin 1.0kg /ha or Fluchloralin
1.0kg/ha as pre-emergece herbicide followed by
hand weedling once 30 days after planting.
• IRRIGATION :
• irrigate is done at weekly intervals.

29. DRIP IRRIGATION AND
FERTIGATION
• Apply FYM @ 25t/ha as basal before last ploughing.
• Apply 2kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2kg /ha
phosphobacteria by mixing with 20kg of FYM .
• Apply 75% Total recommended dose of
superphosphate i.e 375 kg/ha as basal .

30. • Install the drip irrigation with main and sub main
pipes and place lateral tubes at an interval of 1.5m.
• Place the drippers in lateral tubes at an interval of
60cm and 50cm spacing with 4 LPH and 3.5 LPH
capacities respectively.
• Form raised beds of 120 cm width at an interval of 8-
12hrs

31. • Before planting wet the beds using drip system for 8
to 12 hrs.
• Planting to be done at a spacing of 90X60X45cm in
the paired row system, using ropes marked at 60 cm
spacing
• Spray pendimethalin 1.0 kg / ha or fluchloralin 1.0
kg/ha as preemergency herbicide at third day after
planting.
• Gap filling to be done at seventh day after planting

32. MANURING
• VARIETIES
• Basal dose : FYM 25 tonnes/ha, NPK 30:60:30 Kg/ha
• Potassium as K2SO4 for quality improvement
application of potassium in the form of K2SO4 will
increase quality of chilli.
• Top dressing : 30 kg N/ha in equal splits on 30,60
and 90 days after planting.

33. • HYBRIDS
• Basal dose : FYM 30 tonnes/ha , NPK 30:80:80 kg/ha
• Top dressing : 30 kg N/ha in equal splits on 30,60
and 90 days after planting.

34. AND MICRONUTRIENT
• Spray triacontonal @ 1.25 ml /l on 20 , 40, 60, 80th
day of planting.
• Foliar spray of ZnSo4 @ 0.5 % thrice at 10 days
interval from 40 days after planting.
• Spray 19 :19:19 Mn @ 1% at 60 days after planting.

35. INTERCROPPING
• The intercrops like onion and coriander can be
grown for getting additional income
• Its can also help to control the weed population .

36. HARVEST
• Harvesting can be done 75 days after
transplanting
• First two picking yield green chilli and
subsequently yield red ripe fruits

37. YIELD
• VARIETIES : 2-3 t/ha of dry pods
10-15 t/ha of green chillies
• HYBRIDS : 25t/ha of green chillies

38. PESTS
• MAJOR PEST -THRIPS : Control by applying
carbofuran 3% G @ 33 kg/ha – vector for chilli leaf
curl virus
• APHID : control by applying of phorate 10% G @
10 kg/ha .
• GRAM CATERPILLAR : control by spraying of
carbaryl 50 WP 2 g /lit .

40. DISEASES
• DAMPING OFF : Control by Thiram or Captan
@4g /kg of seed for seed rate .
• LEAF SPOT: Control by spray with copperoxychloride
0.25%.
• POWDERY MILDEW:Control by spray wettable Sulphur
0.25% or dinocap (karathane) 0.05%.
• ANTHRACNOSE /DIE BACK and FRUIT ROT
• Seed borne disease
• Control by 3 s Captan 0.2% or miltox 0.2%.

41. Chilli leaf curl
• Leaves curl towards midrib and become deformed.
• Stunted plant growth due to shortened internodes and leaves
greatly reduced in size.
• Flower buds abcise before attaining full size and anthers do
not contain pollen grains.
• Management
• Apply Carbofuran 3G @ 4-5 Kg/acre in the mainfield to control
sucking complex and insect vectors selectively.

43. Thank you