This document discusses childhood obesity from an interdisciplinary perspective using the biopsychosocial model. It examines the biological, psychological, and social causes and effects of childhood obesity. The biological causes include genetics and nutrition factors. The psychological causes include emotions, medications, and environmental influences. The social causes include poverty, ethnicity, family practices, and social discrimination. The effects include both physical health issues and psychological issues like depression. Interviews with experts provide advice on helping obese children from different disciplinary views.
This document summarizes a research paper about the effects of adolescent pregnancy on educational attainment. It discusses how adolescent mothers often have lower educational attainment than their non-parenting peers. The author examines previous literature on the topic and policies supporting adolescent mothers. They describe their internship at Hephzibah Children's Home, which provides housing and education support to adolescent mothers in Macon, Georgia. Through this experience and a critical theory framework, the author analyzes how adolescent motherhood impacts educational outcomes.
Bernadette Madrid, University of the Philippines, Director of the Child Protection Unit, Philippines - Parenting support in the context of violence prevention, Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Florence 26-27 May 2014
1) The study examined the relationship between parental communication and body image among 30 University of California, Santa Barbara students.
2) It found that high levels of parent communication were correlated with high levels of body satisfaction in students.
3) Mother-daughter and mother-son relationships appeared to be most important in developing a healthy body image.
Young people in foster care often lack normal developmental experiences enjoyed by others their age, such as extracurricular activities, socializing with friends, and important milestones. Obtaining permission for these activities can be challenging with multiple individuals involved in approval. Different placement types, such as group homes versus family settings, significantly impact a youth's ability to participate normally. The most common barriers reported were rules of the placement, cost, transportation, and getting permission. Recent laws aim to promote healthier experiences and a more normal life for youth in foster care.
This document summarizes a research proposal on how to teach young girls to love themselves. The target audience is parents, families, teachers and adolescent girls. It discusses how from a young age, females internalize unrealistic societal standards of thinness that can lead to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. The proposal aims to explore the best ways to educate young girls on health, nutrition and positive body image as they go through adolescence. Research will be conducted using databases, studies and health magazines. The goal is to provide information on effective ways to build girls' confidence and self-esteem. It is anticipated that encouraging family support systems will help generate healthy outcomes.
The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted children's development in physical, social, and cognitive domains. Physically, children have become less active and more obese due to lack of physical activity and increased unhealthy eating. Socially, lack of interaction with peers has negatively affected children's ability to learn social skills and emotional understanding. Cognitive development is also at risk, as the pandemic may disrupt important processes like synaptic pruning in the brain and increase risk of developmental disorders. Parents can help support children's development during this time by promoting physical activity, healthy eating, and social-emotional learning at home.
This document summarizes biological and health changes across the human lifespan from infancy to adulthood. It discusses patterns of growth in infancy and average height and weight milestones. In childhood, it outlines important health factors like immunization, poverty, and nutrition. Puberty brings body changes through hormonal development. Adolescence involves continued physical development and risks like eating disorders and drug use. Physical traits change in adulthood with age like loss of muscle mass and increased disease risk. Nutrition and exercise recommendations aim to promote health at each stage.
S1 Lynn Walsh Presentation geneva family 2014 - 30 june 2014sillitoe
This document summarizes a conference on sustainable family values as a means to create a stable and prosperous society. It discusses the decline in youth well-being globally, with rising rates of mental health issues, violence, and suicide ideation. The main risk factors for these issues are instability in the home environment like parental conflict, lack of supervision, and divorce. Presenters discuss how the family is the foundation for sustainable human development and that human beings are hardwired for attachment. They propose that strengthening family values through programs that support marriage and parenting can help address these social issues. The Universal Peace Federation is working internationally on interfaith collaborations and conferences to promote these ideas.
This document summarizes a research paper about the effects of adolescent pregnancy on educational attainment. It discusses how adolescent mothers often have lower educational attainment than their non-parenting peers. The author examines previous literature on the topic and policies supporting adolescent mothers. They describe their internship at Hephzibah Children's Home, which provides housing and education support to adolescent mothers in Macon, Georgia. Through this experience and a critical theory framework, the author analyzes how adolescent motherhood impacts educational outcomes.
Bernadette Madrid, University of the Philippines, Director of the Child Protection Unit, Philippines - Parenting support in the context of violence prevention, Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Florence 26-27 May 2014
1) The study examined the relationship between parental communication and body image among 30 University of California, Santa Barbara students.
2) It found that high levels of parent communication were correlated with high levels of body satisfaction in students.
3) Mother-daughter and mother-son relationships appeared to be most important in developing a healthy body image.
Young people in foster care often lack normal developmental experiences enjoyed by others their age, such as extracurricular activities, socializing with friends, and important milestones. Obtaining permission for these activities can be challenging with multiple individuals involved in approval. Different placement types, such as group homes versus family settings, significantly impact a youth's ability to participate normally. The most common barriers reported were rules of the placement, cost, transportation, and getting permission. Recent laws aim to promote healthier experiences and a more normal life for youth in foster care.
This document summarizes a research proposal on how to teach young girls to love themselves. The target audience is parents, families, teachers and adolescent girls. It discusses how from a young age, females internalize unrealistic societal standards of thinness that can lead to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. The proposal aims to explore the best ways to educate young girls on health, nutrition and positive body image as they go through adolescence. Research will be conducted using databases, studies and health magazines. The goal is to provide information on effective ways to build girls' confidence and self-esteem. It is anticipated that encouraging family support systems will help generate healthy outcomes.
The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted children's development in physical, social, and cognitive domains. Physically, children have become less active and more obese due to lack of physical activity and increased unhealthy eating. Socially, lack of interaction with peers has negatively affected children's ability to learn social skills and emotional understanding. Cognitive development is also at risk, as the pandemic may disrupt important processes like synaptic pruning in the brain and increase risk of developmental disorders. Parents can help support children's development during this time by promoting physical activity, healthy eating, and social-emotional learning at home.
This document summarizes biological and health changes across the human lifespan from infancy to adulthood. It discusses patterns of growth in infancy and average height and weight milestones. In childhood, it outlines important health factors like immunization, poverty, and nutrition. Puberty brings body changes through hormonal development. Adolescence involves continued physical development and risks like eating disorders and drug use. Physical traits change in adulthood with age like loss of muscle mass and increased disease risk. Nutrition and exercise recommendations aim to promote health at each stage.
S1 Lynn Walsh Presentation geneva family 2014 - 30 june 2014sillitoe
This document summarizes a conference on sustainable family values as a means to create a stable and prosperous society. It discusses the decline in youth well-being globally, with rising rates of mental health issues, violence, and suicide ideation. The main risk factors for these issues are instability in the home environment like parental conflict, lack of supervision, and divorce. Presenters discuss how the family is the foundation for sustainable human development and that human beings are hardwired for attachment. They propose that strengthening family values through programs that support marriage and parenting can help address these social issues. The Universal Peace Federation is working internationally on interfaith collaborations and conferences to promote these ideas.
This document discusses teenage pregnancy and its health implications. It notes that teenage pregnancy accounts for over 10% of births worldwide annually, and poses additional obstetric, medical, and social risks compared to older mothers. Teenage mothers are more likely to live in poverty, have poorer prenatal care, and give birth to low birthweight babies who face increased health risks. While rates of teenage pregnancy have declined in Malaysia and the UK, strategies used in the UK to reduce rates through sex education and confidential healthcare access could potentially help address the issue in Malaysia as well. However, implementing such strategies poses cultural challenges in Malaysian society.
This study explored the relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity rates in American children. The researcher conducted surveys of 25 parents, collecting children's BMI, housing type (section 8 or not), and other data. Statistical analysis found a significant relationship between lower socioeconomic status (living in section 8 housing) and higher child BMI/obesity rates. While more research is needed with a larger sample, this study provides initial evidence that socioeconomic factors may influence obesity levels in American youth.
This document discusses childhood adversity and its effects. It defines adversity as a lack of positive circumstances that can be caused by physical, mental, or social losses. Common types of adversity include abuse, neglect, poverty, parental mental illness, and family violence. Experiencing multiple adversities increases negative outcomes and mental health issues. However, protective factors like strong relationships can promote resilience.
Addressing child health disparities: We made the case, we need a movement!renataschiavo
This document summarizes Renata Schiavo's 2015 presentation addressing child health disparities to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Community Health. The presentation overviewed child health disparities in areas like infant mortality, childhood obesity, and mental health. It discussed systemic barriers to child health equity like socioeconomic factors, culture, and place. Examples were provided of emerging trends to address children's health challenges and the need to mobilize action beyond identifying issues. The presentation concluded that while the case for addressing disparities has been made, an active movement is still needed to design and implement community-specific solutions through multisectoral partnerships and capacity building.
1) Adolescence is a period of unique biological, neurological, and psychological changes between puberty and adulthood. It represents three windows of opportunity: changing body and mind, catching up on vulnerabilities, and influencing later life outcomes.
2) Evidence shows interventions should be age-appropriate, gender-responsive, and address contextual risks like education, employment, family environment, and gender norms. Parenting programs can improve relationships and reduce risky behaviors.
3) Coherent policies are needed that coordinate minimum ages, focus on both risks and participation, and support marginalized youth. Gaps that allow children to leave school before work or marry too young need closing.
This document discusses adolescent health problems in India. It defines adolescence as the transition period from childhood to adulthood according to the WHO, between ages 10-19 years. Some key health issues faced by adolescents include injuries from traffic accidents, violence, mental health problems like depression, HIV/AIDS, early pregnancies, and substance abuse. The document also outlines strategies to address these problems, such as peer education programs, adolescent friendly health clinics, iron supplementation, and promoting menstrual hygiene. The overall aim is to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent illness during this critical growth period.
The document provides an overview of Joe Neigel's presentation on creating thriving children through applying strategies informed by research on adverse childhood experiences and developmental needs. The presentation discusses findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study showing strong links between early life trauma and long-term health outcomes, and considers additional factors like brain nutrient deficiencies, lack of movement, and inadequate social reinforcement that contribute to difficulties. Neigel then examines low-cost strategies backed by evidence like using positive notes, praise, and mystery motivators that can positively influence school culture and protect children by meeting their developmental needs.
This paper will argue that since the late 1990s, UK policy concerning teenage pregnancy and parenthood has set important precedents in the way in which the family is constructed and related to by the state. The incorporation of teenage parenthood into health promotion and social inclusion frameworks has allowed an apparently de-moralised construction of the teenage mother and her child, but closer inspection reveals that there are new stigmas associated with young parenthood. In particular, the shift to a ‘parenting as skill’ approach assumes that adequate child-rearing requires planning, self-scrutiny, knowledge and utilization of ‘techniques’, and the acceptance of formal support.
This Information Brief was developed by WHO's Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development to support staff of the Organization and other UN agencies working at global, regional and national levels in promoting the uptake of effective interventions to improve the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents through schools in low-income countries. The premise of the Brief is that school-based sexual and reproductive health education is one of the most important and widespread ways to help adolescents to recognize and avert risks and improve their reproductive health. This evidence-based information brief establishes ways in which the health sector can help the education sector provide appropriate information to adolescents about when and why they need to use health services and where these may be available.
This document discusses various perspectives on sexuality education. It notes that comprehensive sexuality education that provides medically accurate information about abstinence and contraception can positively impact behaviors, while abstinence-only education shows no effects. Studies found condom availability programs in schools did not increase sexual activity but did increase condom use, while abstinence-only programs had no effects on delaying sex or number of partners.
This document discusses promoting wellbeing and embracing positive sexual health for children and young people. It notes that tackling inequalities in childhood can reduce health issues later in life. Schools will now be required by law to promote students' wellbeing, including protecting them from harm. The UK ranks poorly compared to other countries in measures of child wellbeing such as risky behaviors like unprotected sex and drinking. Embracing positive sexual health for youth requires participation and guidance to help lower risks while supporting youth development.
The document discusses strategies for framing discussions around child abuse and neglect prevention. It outlines different frames and narratives that research has found the public gravitates towards, which can undermine prevention efforts. The document then recommends using alternative frames centered around concepts like child development, the impact of early experiences on brain architecture, and the role of toxic stress in negatively impacting development. It provides language and models to effectively communicate these concepts to different audiences including policymakers, partners, and the general public.
Storytelling, Social Movements and the Prevention of Child Abuse and NeglectJim McKay
This presentation from Ben Tanzer, Director of Strategic Communications for Prevent Child Abuse America, explores the latest research about communications and messaging related to child abuse prevention.
This document discusses two hypotheses regarding factors that influence students' satisfaction with their appearance. The first hypothesis is that students who feel low are more likely to feel dissatisfied with their body appearance due to media influences. The second hypothesis is that the higher a student's BMI, the less likely they are to be satisfied with their appearance due to dissatisfaction with weight. Previous literature is reviewed that supports these hypotheses, showing links between feeling low and lower body satisfaction, and between higher BMI and lower body satisfaction. The document then outlines the plan to test these hypotheses using data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study.
Managing adolescent sexual reproductive health issues cope with best evidence...PPPKAM
The document discusses adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) and strategies for effectively addressing ASRH issues. It describes the physical, emotional, and developmental changes that occur during adolescence and associated health risks. A comprehensive, evidence-based approach is needed that provides adolescents with knowledge and services, creates an enabling environment, and addresses social and cultural norms. Interventions should be tailored to adolescents' diverse needs and involve stakeholders at all levels including adolescents themselves. The goal is to enable adolescents to protect their sexual and reproductive health and rights.
This document discusses sex education policies in the U.S. and their outcomes. It argues that abstinence-only education has been ineffective and the U.S. has high teen pregnancy and STI rates compared to other developed nations. Comprehensive sex education that includes contraceptive information has been shown to be more effective. The document advocates amending policies to incentivize comprehensive sex education in schools based on its benefits seen in other countries.
What shapes childrens development? Evidence from Young Lives Cohort StudyYoung Lives Oxford
A key contribution of life-course analysis is in exploring the timing of critical influences and experiences that affect children’s outcomes, including factors that increase (or reduce) resilience.
This document summarizes a project on child brides done by four members: Embie Karaali, Kevser Aslan, Merve Arabul, and Ayşe Tuba Mete. It defines key terms like child, child's rights, and child bride. It reviews literature on causes of child marriage like poverty, lack of education, and patriarchal social structures. It analyzes the current situation in Turkey through statistics and examples. Interviews were conducted. Solutions proposed include increasing education, awareness campaigns, and strengthening laws against child marriage.
This document summarizes a policy paper arguing for requiring physical education in schools. It discusses how childhood inactivity and obesity are rising issues. While some policies like Let's Move have helped, implementation is low, with only 6 states requiring PE each grade. The paper examines different perspectives on this issue and argues the importance of physical activity for children's health and development. However, there are currently no federal PE requirements, and budget cuts have reduced time for PE and recess. The document concludes by discussing the author's goal to advocate for stronger PE policies through their career as a personal trainer.
Caterpillars come in various colors and shapes to help camouflage themselves from predators. They spin a chrysalis, not a cocoon, when transforming into a butterfly. A caterpillar's life cycle includes 4 days in an egg, 2 weeks as a caterpillar eating leaves and vegetables, 10 days inside a chrysalis, and then 2-6 weeks as an adult butterfly. Caterpillars live on trees, bushes, or in dark areas where they can find food like leaves, twigs, tomatoes, and lettuce.
This document discusses teenage pregnancy and its health implications. It notes that teenage pregnancy accounts for over 10% of births worldwide annually, and poses additional obstetric, medical, and social risks compared to older mothers. Teenage mothers are more likely to live in poverty, have poorer prenatal care, and give birth to low birthweight babies who face increased health risks. While rates of teenage pregnancy have declined in Malaysia and the UK, strategies used in the UK to reduce rates through sex education and confidential healthcare access could potentially help address the issue in Malaysia as well. However, implementing such strategies poses cultural challenges in Malaysian society.
This study explored the relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity rates in American children. The researcher conducted surveys of 25 parents, collecting children's BMI, housing type (section 8 or not), and other data. Statistical analysis found a significant relationship between lower socioeconomic status (living in section 8 housing) and higher child BMI/obesity rates. While more research is needed with a larger sample, this study provides initial evidence that socioeconomic factors may influence obesity levels in American youth.
This document discusses childhood adversity and its effects. It defines adversity as a lack of positive circumstances that can be caused by physical, mental, or social losses. Common types of adversity include abuse, neglect, poverty, parental mental illness, and family violence. Experiencing multiple adversities increases negative outcomes and mental health issues. However, protective factors like strong relationships can promote resilience.
Addressing child health disparities: We made the case, we need a movement!renataschiavo
This document summarizes Renata Schiavo's 2015 presentation addressing child health disparities to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Community Health. The presentation overviewed child health disparities in areas like infant mortality, childhood obesity, and mental health. It discussed systemic barriers to child health equity like socioeconomic factors, culture, and place. Examples were provided of emerging trends to address children's health challenges and the need to mobilize action beyond identifying issues. The presentation concluded that while the case for addressing disparities has been made, an active movement is still needed to design and implement community-specific solutions through multisectoral partnerships and capacity building.
1) Adolescence is a period of unique biological, neurological, and psychological changes between puberty and adulthood. It represents three windows of opportunity: changing body and mind, catching up on vulnerabilities, and influencing later life outcomes.
2) Evidence shows interventions should be age-appropriate, gender-responsive, and address contextual risks like education, employment, family environment, and gender norms. Parenting programs can improve relationships and reduce risky behaviors.
3) Coherent policies are needed that coordinate minimum ages, focus on both risks and participation, and support marginalized youth. Gaps that allow children to leave school before work or marry too young need closing.
This document discusses adolescent health problems in India. It defines adolescence as the transition period from childhood to adulthood according to the WHO, between ages 10-19 years. Some key health issues faced by adolescents include injuries from traffic accidents, violence, mental health problems like depression, HIV/AIDS, early pregnancies, and substance abuse. The document also outlines strategies to address these problems, such as peer education programs, adolescent friendly health clinics, iron supplementation, and promoting menstrual hygiene. The overall aim is to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent illness during this critical growth period.
The document provides an overview of Joe Neigel's presentation on creating thriving children through applying strategies informed by research on adverse childhood experiences and developmental needs. The presentation discusses findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study showing strong links between early life trauma and long-term health outcomes, and considers additional factors like brain nutrient deficiencies, lack of movement, and inadequate social reinforcement that contribute to difficulties. Neigel then examines low-cost strategies backed by evidence like using positive notes, praise, and mystery motivators that can positively influence school culture and protect children by meeting their developmental needs.
This paper will argue that since the late 1990s, UK policy concerning teenage pregnancy and parenthood has set important precedents in the way in which the family is constructed and related to by the state. The incorporation of teenage parenthood into health promotion and social inclusion frameworks has allowed an apparently de-moralised construction of the teenage mother and her child, but closer inspection reveals that there are new stigmas associated with young parenthood. In particular, the shift to a ‘parenting as skill’ approach assumes that adequate child-rearing requires planning, self-scrutiny, knowledge and utilization of ‘techniques’, and the acceptance of formal support.
This Information Brief was developed by WHO's Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development to support staff of the Organization and other UN agencies working at global, regional and national levels in promoting the uptake of effective interventions to improve the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents through schools in low-income countries. The premise of the Brief is that school-based sexual and reproductive health education is one of the most important and widespread ways to help adolescents to recognize and avert risks and improve their reproductive health. This evidence-based information brief establishes ways in which the health sector can help the education sector provide appropriate information to adolescents about when and why they need to use health services and where these may be available.
This document discusses various perspectives on sexuality education. It notes that comprehensive sexuality education that provides medically accurate information about abstinence and contraception can positively impact behaviors, while abstinence-only education shows no effects. Studies found condom availability programs in schools did not increase sexual activity but did increase condom use, while abstinence-only programs had no effects on delaying sex or number of partners.
This document discusses promoting wellbeing and embracing positive sexual health for children and young people. It notes that tackling inequalities in childhood can reduce health issues later in life. Schools will now be required by law to promote students' wellbeing, including protecting them from harm. The UK ranks poorly compared to other countries in measures of child wellbeing such as risky behaviors like unprotected sex and drinking. Embracing positive sexual health for youth requires participation and guidance to help lower risks while supporting youth development.
The document discusses strategies for framing discussions around child abuse and neglect prevention. It outlines different frames and narratives that research has found the public gravitates towards, which can undermine prevention efforts. The document then recommends using alternative frames centered around concepts like child development, the impact of early experiences on brain architecture, and the role of toxic stress in negatively impacting development. It provides language and models to effectively communicate these concepts to different audiences including policymakers, partners, and the general public.
Storytelling, Social Movements and the Prevention of Child Abuse and NeglectJim McKay
This presentation from Ben Tanzer, Director of Strategic Communications for Prevent Child Abuse America, explores the latest research about communications and messaging related to child abuse prevention.
This document discusses two hypotheses regarding factors that influence students' satisfaction with their appearance. The first hypothesis is that students who feel low are more likely to feel dissatisfied with their body appearance due to media influences. The second hypothesis is that the higher a student's BMI, the less likely they are to be satisfied with their appearance due to dissatisfaction with weight. Previous literature is reviewed that supports these hypotheses, showing links between feeling low and lower body satisfaction, and between higher BMI and lower body satisfaction. The document then outlines the plan to test these hypotheses using data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study.
Managing adolescent sexual reproductive health issues cope with best evidence...PPPKAM
The document discusses adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) and strategies for effectively addressing ASRH issues. It describes the physical, emotional, and developmental changes that occur during adolescence and associated health risks. A comprehensive, evidence-based approach is needed that provides adolescents with knowledge and services, creates an enabling environment, and addresses social and cultural norms. Interventions should be tailored to adolescents' diverse needs and involve stakeholders at all levels including adolescents themselves. The goal is to enable adolescents to protect their sexual and reproductive health and rights.
This document discusses sex education policies in the U.S. and their outcomes. It argues that abstinence-only education has been ineffective and the U.S. has high teen pregnancy and STI rates compared to other developed nations. Comprehensive sex education that includes contraceptive information has been shown to be more effective. The document advocates amending policies to incentivize comprehensive sex education in schools based on its benefits seen in other countries.
What shapes childrens development? Evidence from Young Lives Cohort StudyYoung Lives Oxford
A key contribution of life-course analysis is in exploring the timing of critical influences and experiences that affect children’s outcomes, including factors that increase (or reduce) resilience.
This document summarizes a project on child brides done by four members: Embie Karaali, Kevser Aslan, Merve Arabul, and Ayşe Tuba Mete. It defines key terms like child, child's rights, and child bride. It reviews literature on causes of child marriage like poverty, lack of education, and patriarchal social structures. It analyzes the current situation in Turkey through statistics and examples. Interviews were conducted. Solutions proposed include increasing education, awareness campaigns, and strengthening laws against child marriage.
This document summarizes a policy paper arguing for requiring physical education in schools. It discusses how childhood inactivity and obesity are rising issues. While some policies like Let's Move have helped, implementation is low, with only 6 states requiring PE each grade. The paper examines different perspectives on this issue and argues the importance of physical activity for children's health and development. However, there are currently no federal PE requirements, and budget cuts have reduced time for PE and recess. The document concludes by discussing the author's goal to advocate for stronger PE policies through their career as a personal trainer.
Caterpillars come in various colors and shapes to help camouflage themselves from predators. They spin a chrysalis, not a cocoon, when transforming into a butterfly. A caterpillar's life cycle includes 4 days in an egg, 2 weeks as a caterpillar eating leaves and vegetables, 10 days inside a chrysalis, and then 2-6 weeks as an adult butterfly. Caterpillars live on trees, bushes, or in dark areas where they can find food like leaves, twigs, tomatoes, and lettuce.
Este documento habla sobre los derechos de los niños a ser respetados, a leer y compartir, y a imaginar y pensar libremente. También menciona que los niños podrían descubrir lo que hay más allá de lo que ven si tuvieran la oportunidad de cumplir sus sueños, aprender a escribir y estudiar. Finalmente, incluye dos citas relacionadas con los derechos de los niños y da las gracias a Kim Manresa y su proyecto "Escuelas de otros mundos".
This document outlines the business opportunity and compensation plan for a VoIP company called GLOBALINX. It discusses products and services, compensation including residual income from weekly bonuses and profit sharing pools, benefits for different leadership levels including SVP and PSVP, as well as how to get started with training and support.
This document discusses childhood obesity from an interdisciplinary perspective using the biopsychosocial model. It examines the biological, psychological, and social causes and effects of childhood obesity. The biological causes include genetics and nutrition factors. The psychological causes include depression, medication side effects, and using food as comfort. The social causes include poverty, family eating habits, lack of exercise, and social discrimination. Effects include physical health issues and lack of socialization. Interviews with experts provide advice on helping obese children.
Civil Society Organisations: Promoting Sustainable Consumption and ProductionViktoriya Malyarchuk
Civil Society Organizations can play an important role in promoting sustainable consumption. The document discusses defining sustainable consumption and key problems in Ukraine related to areas like food, housing, and mobility. It provides ideas for CSOs to encourage sustainable consumption at the individual, local, and national levels through demonstration projects, partnerships, advocacy, and empowering citizens. The experience of organization MAMA-86 is shared, which promotes sustainable agriculture, efficient housing, and environmental education through projects that reduce utility costs, involve communities, and develop green technology databases. CSOs are encouraged to start participation processes, find creative demonstration tools, and maintain motivation to drive sustainable consumption changes
Entrepreneurial mentoring class100709 finalJim Piccolo
Vital information for prospective entrepreneurs, and for business owners working to regain their passion and build better relationships with their customers.
This document discusses issues related to teenage pregnancy, STIs, and HIV in Chicago. It notes that while Chicago's teen birth rate is average nationally, some communities have much higher rates. Over half of Chicago public high school students report having sex, but many do not use protection. Chicago also has high rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia. The document then lists root causes and symptoms of teenage pregnancy and STIs/HIV. It proposes three solutions: creating educational videos for social media, implementing classroom sex education programs, and partnering with local clinics to provide resources to students. The goal of all three solutions is to improve sexual health and decrease rates of teenage pregnancy and infection.
This document discusses childhood obesity, including its causes and health effects. It notes that childhood obesity can lead to long term health problems like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. While genetics may play a small role, the document primarily blames environmental factors for the rise in childhood obesity rates, such as marketing of unhealthy foods to children, lack of physical activity, and parents being obese. It provides tips for limiting childhood obesity such as restricting junk food and encouraging exercise.
This document discusses childhood obesity, its causes, and potential solutions. It notes that childhood obesity can lead to long-term health issues. While genes may play a small role, the main causes are environmental factors like parenting, food marketing, and lack of physical activity. The document recommends intervention programs, limiting junk food and screen time at home, and increasing exercise as ways to help address the problem.
This document discusses obesity in childhood. It begins by noting the increasing rates of childhood obesity worldwide and some of the medical and psychological consequences. It then examines factors that can contribute to obesity from the perspectives of family, school, peers, and media/food industry. These include issues like poverty, lack of nutrition education, unhealthy food options at school, influence of peers, and large food portions/junk food marketing. The document outlines tips for prevention, like healthy eating models, nutrition education, and providing opportunities for physical activity. It concludes that reversing the obesity epidemic will require efforts from all groups involved in children's lives to promote healthy choices and lifestyles.
The document discusses childhood obesity. It defines childhood obesity and lists its main causes as sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating habits. It notes that childhood obesity can lead to various health complications. It also examines statistics on childhood obesity rates among minority groups and income brackets, finding higher rates for low-income and some minority children. The document outlines stakeholders in addressing childhood obesity and strategies like lifestyle changes, nutrition education, and physical activity promotion.
The document discusses how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) like abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction can disrupt normal energy storage mechanisms in children and potentially lead to obesity. It explores the relationship between stress, hormones like insulin and leptin, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in regulating weight gain. When a child experiences stress from ACEs, their stress response is activated, altering these biological processes and potentially causing excessive fat storage and weight gain over time. The document aims to further examine how external stress from ACEs can immediately and long-term impact children's health, obesity risk, and neurodevelopment through disruption of normal metabolic functioning.
1. Childhood Obesity By David Broad, Christopher Brown, Matthew Collins, Marcella Pereira, Charles Phan, Nancy Rios, Tara Smith, Michele Sojka, and Trevor Zarnowiec This focus will allow the group to study childhood obesity to find out the psychological, sociological and health related causes, in order to understand the effects on children in Florida
2. We will use the interdisciplinary concept of Biopsychosocial Model to discover the cause and effect of childhood obesity. The BPS model posits that biological, psychological (which entails thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), and social factors, all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness. Indeed, health is best understood in terms of a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors rather than purely in biological terms. The BPS model applies a new approach to the relations between biological, psychological, and social dynamics in health and illness. The model assumes that a human being acts as an shared system in which biological factors interact with psychological factors and social factors within the social context of human activity and existence. The BiopsychosocialModel (BPS)
3. The model depicts as the holistic functional approach. The term refers to the structure of the model, and describes its purpose in maintaining inner equalization of a human being and his or her effective adaptation to the demands of the external upbringing. The BPS model is a scientific model that was constructed to take into account the missing lengths of the biomedical model. The model relates to aspects of everyday practice and patient care before another time reckoned accessible to a scientific approach. Enables physicians to extend application of the scientific method A physician uses the BPS model to study components of an organized whole with the risk of neglect or injury concentrating on the patient. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) began a new initiative to speed up the process of improving public health. From the BPS model, The program “NIH Roadmap” stretches out 28 cross institutional projects especially designed to tackle the complex issues such as obesity. The BiopsychosocialModel (BPS)
4.
5. Also influenced by social and psychological factors from one’s self and others
6.
7. “Non-Hispanic white adolescents from lower income families experience a greater prevalence of overweight than those from higher income families.”
11. “Mexican American boys tend to have a higher prevalence of overweight than black or white boys.“ (www.surgeongeneral.gov)
12. “Black girls tend to have a higher prevalence of overweight than Mexican American or white girls.” (www.surgeongeneral.gov)
13. “Although certain people are predisposed to being overweight, obesity is seen in all races, gender and ages.” (L. Wimberly)
14.
15.
16. Parents are not helping the situation. They are making bad choices and teaching their children habits that may not be able to be broken. Children are a product of their environment!”
19. “Being overweight effects friendships and relationship from childhood all the way to adult hood.” (L. Wimberly)
20. “People are often judged by their appearance and it is no different with children”. (L. Wimberly) Sociology Discipline - Effectsof Childhood Obesity
21.
22. Children are less likely to participate in certain activities to avoid being ridiculed or put down.
23.
24. Interview #1 Laura Wimberly: Elementary school teacher, Campus Charter School; Florida In your interaction with children, why do you think there are so many obese children? -Children are not getting enough exercise, playing too many video games and the parents are not helping them make good choices. How can a parent help aid their children in becoming healthier? -Give them less convenient foods, send them outside to play, and eat fast food in moderation. How can the schools help children in becoming healthier? -More afterschool sports and activities, healthier food choices in the schools and teaching awareness. In your opinion, do you think being overweight is becoming more acceptable and there will be a shift in bulling over to thinner children instead of overweight children? -Being overweight has become more accepted because you are seeing it much more often. The parents are overweight so the children become overweight! Super thin kids are getting bullied more, but obese children are bullied as well. What advice would you give an obese child's parent and their child? -Parent: I would encourage healthy food choices and try to motivate them to help their kids try new foods and activities. -Child: Choosing my words wisely in order to not offend them, but id try to bring awareness of their choices, get them involved in activities and help them pick healthy foods.
27. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: disorder that affects many parts of the body, mostly linked to blindness and abnormal weight gain throughout entire life span (Genetics Home Reference)
28. Prader-Willi syndrome: rare disorder dealing with the 15th chromosome, which can result with a chronic feeling of hunger and slow metabolism, along with influencing excessive eating and life-threatening obesity (GDF)
29. Even though genetics can influence childhood obesity, that doesn’t mean it is the only factor.
30. Assistance from environmental (low physical activitylife style) and behavioral (high-calorie intakes with low energy to compensate) factors are important (CDC)
31.
32. Calorie intake is unbalanced; taking more calories in than burning them off (CDC; ASPE)
33. Causes: Easier to buy “take out” food, eating at restaurants, “saving money,” lack of influence to eat well, etc… (ASPE)
34.
35.
36. Children not motivated enough (at home and at school) to apply themselves towards physical activities
37. Many schools in Florida are removing recess from the daily schedules and reducing Physical Education.
63. Interview #2 Continued What do you think parents can do to help their kids deal with weight issues? Serve as a good role model Parents should maintain a “normal” weight, and encourage their kids to eat healthily and within normal limits Parents ought to understand that their kids will suffer in school, because other kids will be making fun of their child; and even ostracizing him/her Do you think that a child’s psychological state plays as big a role as diet and fitness? A child’s psychological state is very important, but you absolutely need to exercise For reasons I don’t understand , most schools have eliminated Physical Education And most schools that still offer it, frequently will have kids just sit and do nothing during that period Kids ought to be exercising in schools and parents, again, ought to be encouraging their children to get out and exercise Obese parents are poor role models for their children Is it possible for a child to lose weight simply by being happier or in a better state of mind; or does it just work in accordance with better fitness and nutrition? Directly: No, exercise and appropriate eating habits are key Indirectly: Being psychologically “well-adjusted” influences whether one wants to exercise and eat healthily What advice would you give an obese child, or their parent, to help them have a healthier body? That without realizing it parents are causing their kids to: - Be teased at school - Feel badly about themselves -Be passed over (ignored) for being invited to dances -Be passed over to be someone’s girlfriend or boyfriend; or even just a friend Without being a nag, parents need to: -Motivate their children to exercise -Monitor their food-intake And take pride in their appearance, *within reason*
64.
65. Children who lack enough exercise could become obese. They may not get enough exercise because social psychological influences, such as their peers pressuring them to play the latest video game. Other children may cause another to feel inadequate at sports, causing them to remain on the sidelines, instead of participating.
66.
67. Psychological effect of the parents, such as low self esteem, can be passed on to the children by example. Low self esteem, can lead to overeating, or indulging in unhealthy comfort foods. The improper diet, can cause obesity, and health related problems. The child being over weight , could cause social instability with other children, even with other family members. Interdiscipinary – Causes and Effects
68.
69. Accordingly, we will have the greatest chance to successfully reverse the obesity epidemic if we consider it a crisis, make it a funded government and public health priority, and join forces across disciplines to mount an effective public health campaign in the prevention and early treatment. (Deckelbaum & Williams)
70. "Childhood obesity is an epidemic. There's no single cause or single solution. We need everyone at the table to really solve this in this country." (Ginny Ehrlich, executive director of the Alliance)
71. Earlier this month, Michelle Obama launched a wide-ranging "Let's Move" campaign aimed at curbing childhood obesity Dietitian Pediatrician Psychologist Educators
76. “Biopsychosocial Model of Health.” South Wales Osteopathic Society. 2009. Retrieved 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.osteopathywales.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=15:osteopathy-articles-&id=175:biopsychosocial-model-of-health
82. Deckelbaum, Richard J., and Christine L. Williams. "Obesity - Childhood Obesity: The Health Issue." Nature Publishing Group : Science Journals, Jobs, and Information. Obesity A Research Journal, 2010: Web. 16 Nov. 2010.
93. Puhl, Rebecca, and Kelly D. Brownell. "Obesity - Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity "Nature Publishing Group : Science Journals, Jobs and Information. 4 Sept. 2001: Web 16 Nov. 2010.
97. “The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity." Office of the Surgeon General (OSG): Web 15 Nov. 2010. <http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_glance.htm>.
98.
99. Annotated Bibliography “Biopsychosocial Model of Health.”* South Wales Osteopathic Society.* 2009.Retrieved 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.osteopathywales.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=15:osteopathy-articles-&id=175:biopsychosocial-model-of-healthThis site presents us with an overview of what the Biopsychosocial Model of Heath is and how it is used to help in the study of various health conditions, including obesity and depression. It represents how other factors, such as psychological and sociological, are also determinants, along with biological factors, in classifying various health inflictions. The website was created at least a year ago, with a reliable source that provides information about the association from various other links. The information isn’t an extremely detailed representation of theBiopsychosocial Model of Health, but it does give a good basis of background to assist in describing the merging of biological, psychological, and social factors to give a well-rounded analysis on different health conditions andissues. “Childhood Obesity.” APSE.hhs.gov. Date Range Apr. 2004-Feb. 2005. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2010. <http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/child_obesity/>. This site provides us with a look into different factors causing Childhood Obesity. There are various charts giving detailed looks into the percentages involved in the rise of Childhood Obesity. These charts show a decrease of numbers of healthy nutritional intake, the range of overweight children ages 6-19, the increase of lack of physical activity in adolescents, and the percentages involved in participating in free time over planned physical activity. This web site gives readers a detail analysis on different factors influencing obesity, several different causes, different roots of these causes, and possible solutions to help the childhood obesity epidemic. There are even links provided to back up the research and claims stated within this site. Even though there isn’t a clear date stating when this site was created, the research from the links show that the data was obtained between the years 2004-2005 from several accredited and reliable sources. Deckelbaum, Richard J., and Christine L. Williams. "Obesity - Childhood Obesity: The Health Issue." Nature Publishing Group: Science Journals, job and Information. Obesity A Research Journal 2010. Web. 16 Nov. 2010 <http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v9/n11s/full/oby2001125a.html> This online journal article examines obesity in Americans as well as other group of people internationally. It begins by stating that the number of overweight people has doubled and tripled in the last few decades. The findings relate to our project because the increase in obesity is from preschool children to adolescence. It defines different ethnic groups and genders to be predisposed to obesity more or less than others. Also, how nutrition during pregnancy can influence weight as an adult. Information in this article ranges from predictors of obesity as well as factors that contribute to being overweight. Included in this article are research findings from many countries about various effects of obesity. Although there are some differences in biological effects between ethnic groups, many of the long term effects on health are the same. The article ends with a section about different prevention methods and treatments of obesity.
100. Annotated Bibliography Gabler, Jay. Sociology for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., 2010. Print This book entails the basic principles, concepts, history, and an easy-to-understand explanation of Sociology. The book also contains the subjects: historical studies in sociology, social movements and political sociology, important contributors, methods for sociological research and as well roles in sex, race, and religion in the sociology perspective. Gerencher, Kristan., “Coverage for treating kids' obesity gets more comprehensive” MarketWatch 2010: Retrived Nov 27 2010.<http://www.marketwatch.com/story/tackling-childhood-obesity-at-the-doctors-office-2010-02-23> This article involves a multidisciplinary concept that relates to childhood obesity and the large problem it has become. Big companies are choosing health insurance that will include a dietitian for families of overweight children. Insurance companies and employers are giving this a three year trial to see how it goes. This includes several disciplines working together for a common goal. The article talks about the rise of obesity and how the health care system does little to provide help to parents of overweight children. Both president Obama and his wife, Michelle, are advocates of reducing obesity in children. The author discusses how obesity can lead to diabetes. Also, that obesity is one of the main factors of the rise in health care costs. One of the biggest challenges is educating people and getting them motivated to be healthier. Children don’t need to go to a gym and work out, they just need to get out and play. Inkeles, Alex. What Is Sociology?An Introduction to the Discipline and Profession. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1964. Print. This book reveals how sociology as both an intellectual discipline and a research enterprise cross-section posed by responsibility. Janowski, Konrad, and StainslawaSteuden, eds. Biopsychosocial Aspects of Health and Disease. Vol. 1. Lublin, Poland: CPPP Scientific, 2009. Google Books. This book, prepared in English, comprises the concentration on such issues as the mind and body relationships, psychological factors in the course of somatic diseases and mental disorders. As well, concentrate the focus on the psychological aspects of health in children and adolescents, existential and religious aspects of disease, as well as health promotion and psycho-education.
101. Annotated Bibliography Miller, Jennifer, ArlanRosenbloom, and Janet Silverstein. "Childhood Obesity -- Miller Et Al. 89 (9): 4211." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The Endocrine Society, 11 June 2004. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/short/89/9/4211>. According to this journal article, childhood obesity has become a pandemic. It affects more than 30% of children in America and the numbers are increasing world wide. Findings show that over 2/3 of children who are obese will be obese as an adult. This decreases their expected life span. This article is mainly about the differences in nature verses nurture in regards to obesity factors. A lot of our sociological effects information came from this article. It goes into detail about family influences, social norms and technology and how they affect health. Also, how the lack of physical activity at home and in the schools increases likeliness of unhealthy children. It explains how the Neuroendocrine controls different aspect of a persons physical make up and how obesity effects metabolism. At the end there are more facts and opinions about the treatment and prevention of obesity as well as the benefits of being and staying healthy. Mitchell, G. Duncan. A Hundred Years of Sociology,. Chicago: Aldine Pub., 1968. Print. This book entails the concise chronicle of major figures, philosophies, and institutions of sociological thought. The purpose for the book was to acquaint people with the intellectual history of discipline, to reveal the fundamentals problems of sociology are not new, and to nurture a critical awareness of the relationship between and resent concerns and the heritage of the past. Negy, Charles. Personal interview. 9 November 2010. In this insightful interview; Professor Charles Negy, of the UCF Psychology department, offers his opinions and advice on the psychological factors in childhood obesity. Professor Negy discusses a wide array of topics; ranging from the roles that different emotions can play in childhood obesity, to his opinions on the cause of childhood obesity, and as well as advice to children and to their parents to help them overcome obesity. With this interview, we now have a better understanding of the role psychology plays in childhood obesity. “Overweight and Obesity.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 30 Sept. 2010. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2010. <http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html>. This web site showcases a lot of information on Childhood Obesity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web site has a lot of useful information, and was even cited in the ASPE source used earlier. The site starts off with a summary on obesity, than goes into childhood obesity. From there, different links are provided for different parts of the web site. Some of these links list causes for childhood obesity, goes into depth about different genomics involved in obesity, and showcase different statistics over a period of time to back up the increase of childhood obesity in the United States. There are even other links provided to help broaden the information given on the web site, or to cite where they may have received some of their information. This site was first started in the year 2001, but has been reviewed and updated as of September 30th, 2010.
102. Annotated Bibliography . “Prader-Willi syndrome.” Genetic Disease Foundation. 2010. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2010. <http://www.geneticdiseasefoundation.org/genetic-diseases/prader-willi-syndrome/?gclid=CKmH-5mgsKUCFQm87QodaT3OYg>. This web site provided information about a genetic disorder linked to obesity: the Prader-Willi syndrome. This genetic disorder is a rare case which can come from anyone, male or female, from all races. It’s a defect in the 15th chromosome that causes low muscle tone, short stature if not treated quickly enough, incomplete sexual development, and a development of life-threatening obesity. This obesity results from a chronic feeling of hunger that evolves from this genetic disorder, along with a slow metabolism. This disorder shares a lot of similarities with the Bardet-Biedl syndrome, which was cited earlier and also results in obesity. Still, the Prader-Willi syndrome doesn’t result in vision loss, but is rarer than the other genetic disorder. This link only states that it was created and updated in 2010, but it does provide various links describing what the Genetic Disease Foundation is and information relevant to the web site. “The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity." Office of the Surgeon General (OSG). Web. 15 Nov. 2010. <http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_glance.htm>. This source is an information based website provided by the Office of the Surgeon General. The Surgeon General is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human services. The website is basically a list of facts and percentages related to obesity and being overweight. The information is provided from several data collecting surveys that were done in a study from 1988 to 1994 and also includes info from 1999. Although the collected data was from over a decade ago, most of the information is still relevant today. Included in the website are details about different ethnic groups that were sampled along with members of different economical status. Their research includes info about causes and effects of obesity. It lists how much physical activity children and adults should get verses how much they actually get and consequences of their inactivity. Also, about how watching T.V. is an increased reason why children don’t get enough exercise and how much television is too much. Wimberly, Laura. Personal Interview. 17 November 2010 Elementary school teacher, Campus Charter School; Florida An elementary school teacher with an inside opinion on activities of children and why they may be obese because of her teaching position