The document discusses chest x-rays and what they can reveal. It defines a chest x-ray as a procedure used to evaluate organs and structures in the chest. It lists what a chest x-ray includes - the lungs, heart, part of the GI tract, thyroid gland, and chest bones. It provides guidance on how to read a chest x-ray, noting what to examine like the lungs, heart position, and soft tissues. It also lists common abnormalities that may appear on chest x-rays like consolidations, collapses, and pleural effusions.

1. CHEST X RAYCHEST X RAY
REVEALEDREVEALED
PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BY
RAKESH VALLITTAYILRAKESH VALLITTAYIL
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2. DEFENITION:
 A CHEST X RAY IS A PROCEDURE USED TO EVALUATE ORGANS AND
STRUCTURES WITHIN THE CHEST FOR SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE
STRUCTURES: CHEST X RAY INCLUDES VIEWS OF
 LUNGS,
 HEART,
 PORTION OF THE GI TRACT
 THYROID GLAND
 BONES OF CHEST AREA
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3. HOW TO READ A CHEST X RAY
IT MAY PROVE QUITE RIGHT BUT STOP AND BE
CERTAIN HOW LUNG APPEAR
 I-IDENTIFICATION
 M-MARKERS
 P-POSITION
 Q- QUALITY
 R- RESPIRATION(FULL INSPIRATION)
 S- SOFT TISSUE(SWELLING ETC)
 A- ABDOMEN (FREE ABDOMINAL AIR)
 B-BONE (# AT LATERAL ENDS)
 C- CENTRAL SHADOW (>50% =ENLARGEMENT )
 H-HILA(HILAR LYMPH ADENOPATHY)
 A-ABSENT STRUCTURES
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4. rakesh vallittayil

5. How to readHow to read
 FIRST LOOK AT MEDIASTINALFIRST LOOK AT MEDIASTINAL
CONTOURSCONTOURS
 TRACHEA SHOULD BETRACHEA SHOULD BE
CENTRALCENTRAL
 AORTIC ARCH IS THE FIRSTAORTIC ARCH IS THE FIRST
STRUCTURE IN THE LEFT.STRUCTURE IN THE LEFT.
 THEN WE CAN SEE P.THEN WE CAN SEE P.
ARTERIES FANNINGARTERIES FANNING
OUTTHROUGH LUNGOUTTHROUGH LUNG
 TWO THIRD OF THE HEARTTWO THIRD OF THE HEART
LIES IN THE LEFT.LIES IN THE LEFT.
 LEFT BORDER MADE UP OFLEFT BORDER MADE UP OF
LEFT ATRIUM AND VENTRICLELEFT ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE
 RIGHT BORDER WITH RIGHTRIGHT BORDER WITH RIGHT
ATRIUM ALONEATRIUM ALONE
 LUNGS SHOULD BE BLACK.LUNGS SHOULD BE BLACK.
 COSTOPHRENIC ANDCOSTOPHRENIC AND
CARDIOPHRENIC ANGLESCARDIOPHRENIC ANGLES
SHOULD NOT BE BLUNDEDSHOULD NOT BE BLUNDED
WHICH SUGGEST EFFUSION.WHICH SUGGEST EFFUSION.
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6. COMMON RADIOLOGICAL
ABNORMALITIES
CONSOLIDATION:HOMOGENOUS OPACITIES WITH WELL DEFINED
MARGINS
COLLAPSE:HOMOGENOUS OPACITIES WITH CLEARCUT CONCAVE
MARGINES
FIBROSIS:STREAKY LINEAR SHADOWS WITH SHIFT OF TRACHEA
N MEDIASTINUM
PLEURAL EFFUSION:PRESENCE OF SMALL QUANTITY OF FLUID IN
PLEURA
PNEUMOTHORAX:PRESENCE OF AIR IN THE PLEURA
CAVITIES:AREAS OF CENTRAL TRANSLUENCY
OPACITIES IN THE LUNG: MAY BE SINGLE OR MULTIPLE
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7. CHEST X RAYS IN VARIOUS CLINICAL
CONDITIONS
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8.  DEXTRO CARDIACDEXTRO CARDIAC
 VISCERA ,ATRIA . AORTICVISCERA ,ATRIA . AORTIC
ARCH ARE IN NORMALARCH ARE IN NORMAL
POSITION BUT CARDIACPOSITION BUT CARDIAC
APEX IS ON RIGHTAPEX IS ON RIGHT
 DEXTROPOSITION IS THEDEXTROPOSITION IS THE
SHIFTING OF HEART TOSHIFTING OF HEART TO
RIGHT DUE TO LESIONS.RIGHT DUE TO LESIONS.
 BOTHARE DIFFERENTBOTHARE DIFFERENT
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9.  NGT
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10. CHEST TUBECHEST TUBE
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11. ENDOTRACHEAL TUBEENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
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12. PACE MAKERPACE MAKER
PACE MAKERPACE MAKER
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13. TRACHEOSTOMY
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14. BRONCHOGENIC
CARCINOMA
• TUMOUR FROM
BRONCHIAL
WALL.
• ‘COIN LESION’
IS A CIRCULAR
SHADOW WHICH
IS THE
CHARECTEREST
IC
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15. ASPIRATION OF COIN
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16. BULLOUS EMPHYSEMA
 Hyperlucency
 Low set flat
diaphragm
 Vertical heart
 Barrel shaped chest
 Avscular zones
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17. ASPHYXIATING CHESTASPHYXIATING CHEST
DYSTROPHYDYSTROPHY
 BREATH LESS NESSBREATH LESS NESS
DUE TODUE TO
CONGENITALCONGENITAL
MALFORMATION OFMALFORMATION OF
CHESTCHEST
 PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE
MUSCULARMUSCULAR
WEAKNESSWEAKNESS
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18. PNUEMO PERICARDIUMPNUEMO PERICARDIUM
• ACCUMULATION OF
AIR IN THE
PERICARDIAL
CAVITY
• CONGENITAL AND
TRAUMATIC
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19. LYMPHOMA
 IT IS A TYPE OF
SOLID NEOPLASM
THAT ORGINATES
IN LYMPHOCYTES
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20. CANNON BALL
 MULTIPLE BALL LIKE
OPACITIES
MAINLY DUE TO
CANCER METASTASIS
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21. Pneumo thorax
 ‘Collapsed lung’ is a
medical emergency
 Caused by the
accumulation of gas in
pleural cavity
 Mostly due to
penetrating wounds
 Picture shows left sided
tension pneumo thorax
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22. Pleural effusion
 IT IS THE
ACCUMULATION OF
EXCESS FLUID IN
PLEURAL CAVITY
 BLOOD-HEMOTHORAX
 SEROUS FLUID –
HYDROTHOAX
 CHYLE-
CHYLOTHORAX
 PUS- PYOTHORAX OR
EMPHYSEMA
 IN PICTURE:A SHOWS
FLUID LAYERING AND B
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23. THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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24. Wellcome to kerala
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