Chemotherapy of Malignancy/Cancer Anticancer Drugs /Antineoplastic Drugs

1. Sinhgad Technical Education Society᾽s
Sinhgad College Of Pharmacy,Vadgaon (BK) Pune-41
17-05-2022
JAJNURE
MADHAV
Name of student
Mr. Madhav Jajnure
M.Pharm Sem- IV
Pharmacology
Name of guide
Prof. Prashant Mali
HOD-Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy of malignancy
Presentation
On
UNIT- IV

2. Chemotherapy
1)
Introduction
Definations
2)
Cancer
3)
Cell
division
4)
Treatment
(MOA)

3.  Introduction:
Antimicrobials : Those drugs which are obtained from naturally or synthetically and act
against microorganisms.
 All antibiotics act as antimicrobials but all antimicrobials are not antibiotics.
Ex. Quinine – Antimalerial
metronidazole- Antiamoebic
Chemotherapy : Use of chemical to destroy microorganisms.
 Examples :
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• virus
• Protozoa
• parasites
Father of chemotherapy : Paul Ehrlich
Antibiotics :
Anti – Against
Biotics – Living organisms
• Obtained from microorganisms
• Supress the growth or kill microorganisms
Penicillins : inhibit cell wall synthesis
Tetracyclines : inhibit protein synthesis
 They are selective
• ex. Penicillin – P. Notatum
• Streptomycin – S. Griseus

4.  Malignancy :
Malignancy - Cancer
Cancer: Uncontrolled , abnormal growth of cells.

5.  Causes of Cancer

6. This malignant
tumor we also
called cancer.
 Tumor :

7.  Cell Division
 Cell division is the process by which a mother cell divides into two daughter cell.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Tetophase
Preparation Phase

8. I
• Synthesize preotein and enzymes.
• Replication of most of cell organelles.
• Cell size get increased
G1
S
G2 • Protein Synthesis
• Replication of remaining all organelles
• Fully grow
Mitosis
M
• Chromosome start condense
and become short and thick
• Cetrosomes start forming
microtubuls.
Prophase
Metaphase
Microtubules extends and
attached to the chromatid
Anaphase
• Microtubules gets
pulls back .
• Cell elongate
Telophase • Actin and Myosin
Check Point
Daughter cell
DNA replication

9. • Helicase : cut the DNA
• Topoisomerase I &II
• Polymerase : form the leading and lagging strand and DNA repair

10.  Targates of Anticancer drugs (Cytotoxic drugs)
 DNA replication
 Pyrimidine and purine
 Microtubules
 Topoisomerase I&II
Cell Division

11.  Anticancer /antineoplastic/antitumor drugs:
 The drugs which are used in treatment of cancer is called anticancer drugs.
KD Tripathi 8th Edition

12.  MOA
they produce the carbonium ion (electron deficient)
Guanine has two extra electrons that’s why the carbonium ions
transfer with alkyl group and forms a covalent bond with N7
guanine .
In this way they do the cross linking / abnormal base pairing
/ DNA strand breakage
Results DNA proliferation
Alkylating agent

13.  Topoisomerase Inhibitors

14.  Antimetabolites
dUMP
( deoxyuridine monophosphate)
dTMP
( deoxythymidine monophosphate)
Thymidylase synthase
Methylene THF
DHF
(Dihydrofolate)
THF
(Tetrahydrofolate)
DHFR (Dihydrofolate reductase)
Pyrimidine nucleotides:
( Thymidine , cytosine)
Purine nucleotide:
(Adenine , Guanine)
5-Fliurouracil
Methotrexate
Inhibits DNA
Synthesis

15.  Microtubule damaging agents
 The drugs bind to tubulin and inhibit its polymerisation into microtubules,
preventing spindle formation in dividing cells and causing arrest at metaphase.

17. Etoposide
Methotrexate
6- Mercaptopurine
5- flurouracil
Vincristin
Vinblastin
Paclitaxel
Etoposide
Topotecan
Irinotecan
CCS
(Cell cycle specific)
G1
G2
S
M
 Cell Cycle Specific Drugs

18. • Bone marrow toxicity (myelosuppression) with decreased leukocyte production
and thus decreased resistance to infection
• Impaired wound healing
• Loss of hair (alopecia)
• Lamage to gastrointestinal epithelium (including oral mucous membranes)
• Depression of growth in children
• Teratogenicity
 General Toxicities of cytotoxic drugs

19.  References
 Google

20. Thank You