Series of Pharmacology lectures to undergraduate medical students, based on illustrations and hints that aid studying from standard textbook.

1. CHEMOTHERAPY
HIGHLIGHTS
MOHAMED BAHR; MD, PHD
General Principles

2. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES

3. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
REVOLUTION
The germ theory of disease
Pasteur, 1861

4. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
MICROORGANISMS
Bacteria Viruses Fungi
Parasites

5. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
Chemotherapy
Antimicrobial
Agents
Antibacterial
Antifungal
Antiviral
Antiparasitic
Agents
Anthelmintics
Antiprotozoal
Anticancer
Chemotherapy

6. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
SELECTIVE ON
MICROBES

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GOALS

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Some laboratory
techniques
useful in diagnosis of
microbial diseases

12. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
EFFECT ON BACTERIA

13. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
Effects of
bacteri-
cidal and
bacterio-
static
drugs on
growth of
bacteria in
vitro

14. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
ANTIBIOTIC PHARMACODYNAMIC
CATEGORIES
Determination of
MIC and MBC of
an antibiotic

15. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
Determination of
MIC and MBC of
an antibiotic

16. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
• Bactericidal effect is increased with drug concentration .
Optimum effect is achieved with concentrations 10 times MIC.
• Trough drug concentration may fall below MIC during dosing
interval without loss of efficacy, as bacterial regrowth is
inhibited by PAE → ↓ resistance.
• Aminoglycosides
• Quinolones
• Azithromycin
Concentration–Dependent (with PAE)
• Bactericidal effect depends on the duration that the drug level
exceeds MIC.
• Concentration should be maintained at 2-4 times MIC
throughout dosing interval, as bacterial regrowth starts very
soon after trough falls below MIC, since the drugs have no
PAE.
• β-lactams
• Vancomycin
Time-Dependent (with minimal or no PAE)

17. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
A. Significant dose-dependent killing effect shown by tobramycin.
B. Nonsignificant dose-dependent killing effect shown by
ticarcillin.
cfu = colony forming units; MIC = minimum inhibitory
concentration.

18. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
SPECTRUM

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Bacterial
infections

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MECHANISM OF
ACTION

26. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhDBar chart showing the six most commonly used drug families

27. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
Bar chart with
the drugs
of choice for
treatment of
S aureus

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RESISTANCE

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COST
Relative cost of some drugs used for
treatment of PU caused by H pylori

32. Mohamed Bahr; MD, PhD
REFERENCES
Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews, 5th ed.
Color Atlas of Pharmacology, 2nd ed.
Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics, 12th ed.