3. THREE TYPES OF CHEMICAL BOND
1. IONIC BOND
A CHEMICAL BOND THAT CAN BE FORMED BY THE TRANSFER OF ONE OR
MORE ELECTRONS FROM ONE ATOM OR GROUP OF ATOMS TO ANOTHER.
IT IS ALSO CALLED ELECTROVALENT BOND.
THIS OCCURS WHEN ELEMENTS WITH LOW ELECTRONEGATIVITIES (METALS)
REACT WITH ELEMENTS WITH HIGH ELECTRONEGATIVITIES (NON-METALS) TO
FORM IONIC COMPOUNDS CALLED SALTS.
4. THREE TYPES OF CHEMICAL BOND
2. COVALENT BOND
POLAR COVALENT BOND
A COVALENT BOND IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE SHARED UNEQUALLY
BETWEEN TWO ATOMS IS CALLED A POLAR COVALENT BOND. THE UNEQUAL
SHARING OF ELECTRONS LEADS TO TWO OPPOSITE POLES, OR A DIPOLE
5. THREE TYPES OF CHEMICAL BOND
2. COVALENT BOND
NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND
A NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND RESULTS WHEN ELECTRONS OF ATOMS
WITH SOME ELECTRONEGATIVITY ARE SHARED EQUALLY. THIS HAPPENS
WHEN ELEMENTS SHARE ELECTRONS. THIS OFTEN OCCURS AMONG
DIATOMIC MOLECULES. IN H2, O2, AND N2 MOLECULES, EACH OF THE
BOND ELECTRONS SPEND AN EQUAL AMOUNT OF TIME IN THE VICINITY OF
EACH ATOM.
EQUAL SHARING OF ELECTRONS OCCURS.
6. THREE TYPES OF CHEMICAL BOND
3. METALLIC BOND
ABOUT 75% OF THE ELEMENTS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE ARE
METALS.
THE BONDING IN METALS
THIS CONSISTS OF THE ATTRACTIONS AMONG THE
POSITIVELY CHARGED METAL IONS FOR THE MOBILE,
DELOCALIZED, OR FREE-FLOATING ELECTRONS.
12. Example:
1. Predict the bond formed between calcium and fluorine using their electronegativity
values
2. Predict the bond formed between oxygen and sulfur using their electronegativity
values.
3. Predict the bond formed between iron and copper using their electronegativity
values.
13. ACTIVITY : PREDICTING THE TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS FORMED BY USING
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
DIFFERENCE
Directions: Compute for the electronegativity difference of the following elements and
predict their type of bond formed. Show your solution. Refer to the table below showing
the difference in electronegativity between atoms and the type of bond formed
14. ACTIVITY : PREDICTING THE TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS FORMED BY USING
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
DIFFERENCE
Elements Electronegativity
Difference
Type of Bond Formed
1. Rubidium – Magnesium
2. Francium – Fluorine
3. Oxygen – Fluorine
4. Iodine – Iodine
5.Nickel – Nickel
6.Carbon – Nitrogen
7.Titanium – Aluminum
15. ACTIVITY : PREDICTING THE TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS FORMED BY USING
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
DIFFERENCE
Elements Electronegativity
Difference
Type of Bond Formed
Chlorine – Bromine
Phosphorus – Sulfur
Hydrogen – Barium
Silver – Mercury
Sodium – Fluorine
Copper – Nitrogen
Sulfur – Fluorine
Phosphorus – Selenium
16. ACTIVITY : PROPERTIES AND USES OF
SUBSTANCES BASED ON THEIR CHEMICAL BONDS
Directions: Below are descriptions of the properties and uses of substances based on their
chemical bonds. Identify each description by writing NCB for nonpolar covalent bond, PCB for
polar covalent bond, IB for ionic bond, and MB for metallic bond, on the spaces provided for
17. Type of Bond Description
Molecules are made up of identical atoms like H2 and O2 .
Ions are bonded together by the attractive force between the
They are good solvents for chemicals such as paints, thinners, bleach, etc.
Atoms contain several free electrons that move about the crystal
They are widely used in the production of polymers such as synthetic rubbers and plastics
They can be used as electrolytes to conduct electricity
They have lower volatilities and higher melting and boiling points as compared to nonpolar
substances
They are lustrous, malleable, ductile, and have high densities
They have brittle crystal structure and poor conductors in solid phase, but good conductors in
liquid state
Substances have very weak intermolecular forces and very soft structure
They are useful in the construction of roads, bridges, and buildings because of their strength
and durability
Molecules contain positive and negative charges which are not distributed symmetrically in
space.
Directions: Below are descriptions of the properties and uses of substances based on their
chemical bonds. Identify each description by writing NCB for nonpolar covalent bond, PCB for
polar covalent bond, IB for ionic bond, and MB for metallic bond, on the spaces provided for
Editor's Notes
This kind of bond accounts for the physical properties of metals
The outer electrons are so weakly bound to metal atoms that they are free to roam across the
entire metal. Having ‘lost’their outer electrons, individual metal atoms are more like positive ions in
a swarm of communal electrons
