Chapter five discusses the importance of management information systems (MIS) infrastructure in supporting business operations, enabling change, and promoting sustainability. It outlines different types of MIS infrastructures, including information, agile, and sustainable infrastructures, while highlighting the associated plans for disaster recovery and business continuity. Additionally, the chapter emphasizes the environmental impacts of technology and introduces methods to build sustainable MIS infrastructures, such as grid computing, virtualization, and cloud computing.

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Chapter Five
Infrastructures – Sustainable
Technologies
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CHAPTER FIVE OVERVIEW
SECTION 5.1 – MIS INFRASTRUCTURE.
• The Business Benefits of a Solid MIS Infrastructure.
• Supporting Operations: Information MIS Infrastructure.
• Supporting Change: Agile MIS Infrastructure.
SECTION 5.2 – BUILDING SUSTAINABLE MIS
INFRASTRUCTURES.
• MIS and the Environment.
• Supporting the Environment: Sustainable MIS
Infrastructure.
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SECTION 5.1
MIS INFRASTURES
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SECTION 5.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Explain MIS infrastructure and its three primary types.
2. Identify the three primary areas associated with an
information MIS infrastructure.
3. Describe the characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure.
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THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS
INFRASTRUCTURE 1
MIS infrastructure – Includes the plans for how a firm will
build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS
assets.
• Hardware.
• Software.
• Network.
• Client.
• Server.
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THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS
INFRASTRUCTURE 2
Supporting operations.
• Information MIS infrastructure.
Supporting change.
• Agile MIS Infrastructure.
Supporting the environment.
• Sustainable MIS infrastructure.
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SUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS
INFRASTRUCTURE
Backup and recovery plan.
Disaster recovery plan.
Business continuity plan.
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BACKUP AND RECOVERY PLAN 1
Backup – An exact copy of a
system’s information.
Recovery – The ability to get a
system up and running in the event
of a system crash or failure.
• Fault tolerance.
• Failover.
• Failback.
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BACKUP AND RECOVERY PLAN 2
Disaster recovery plan - A detailed process for recovering
information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic
disaster such as a fire or flood.
Disaster recovery cost curve - Charts (1) the cost to the
organization of the unavailability of information and
technology and (2) the cost to the organization of recovering
from a disaster over time.
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BACKUP AND RECOVERY PLAN 3
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BACKUP AND RECOVERY PLAN 4
Hot site - A separate and fully equipped facility where the
company can move immediately after a disaster and resume
business.
Cold site - A separate facility that does not have any
computer equipment, but is a place where employees can
move after a disaster.
Warm site – A separate facility with computer equipment that
requires installation and configuration.
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BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN 1
Business continuity
planning (BCP) - A plan for
how an organization will
recover and restore partially
or completely interrupted
critical function(s) within a
predetermined time after a
disaster or extended
disruption.
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BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN 2
Emergency – a sudden
unexpected event
requiring immediate
action.
Emergency preparedness
– ensures a company is
ready to respond to an
emergency in an
organized, timely, and
effective manner.
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BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN 3
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BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN 4
Business impact analysis – Identifies all critical business
functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have
upon them.
Technology failure – occurs when the ability of a company
to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or
data outage.
Incident – Unplanned interruption of a service.
Incident management – the process responsible for
managing how incidents are identified and corrected.
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SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
Characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure.
• Accessibility.
• Availability.
• Maintainability.
• Portability.
• Reliability.
• Scalability.
• Usability.
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ACCESSIBILITY
Accessibility - Refers to the varying levels that define what
a user can access, view, or perform when operating a
system.
Web accessibility – Allows people with disabilities to use
the Web.
Administrator access – Unrestricted access to the entire
system.
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AVAILABILITY
Availability – Time frames when the system is operational.
Unavailable – Time frames when a system is not operating
and cannot be used.
High availability – System is continuously operational at all
times.
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MAINTAINABILITY
Maintainability – How quickly a system can transform to
support environmental changes.
Organizations must watch today’s business, as well as
tomorrow’s, when designing and building systems.
Systems must be flexible enough to meet all types of
business changes.
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PORTABILITY
Portability – The ability of an application to operate on
different devices or software platforms.
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RELIABILITY
Reliability - Ensures a system is functioning correctly and
providing accurate information.
Reliability is another term for accuracy when discussing the
correctness of systems within the context of efficiency IT
metrics.
Vulnerability – a system weakness that can be exploited by a
threat.
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SCALABILITY
Scalability - How well a system can scale up, or adapt to the
increased demands of growth.
Performance - Measures how quickly a system performs a
process or transaction.
Capacity planning - Determines future environmental
infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system
performance.
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USABILITY
Usability – The degree to which a system is easy to learn
and efficient and satisfying to use.
Serviceability – How quickly a third-party can change a
system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any
contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability,
or availability.
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SECTION 5.2
BUILDING SUSTAINABLE MIS
INFRASTRUCTURES
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SECTION 5.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES
4. Identify the environmental impacts associated with MIS.
5. Explain the three components of a sustainable MIS
infrastructures along with their business benefits.
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MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1
Moore’s Law - Refers to the computer chip performance per
dollar doubles every 18 months.
Sustainable, or “green,” MIS - Describes the production,
management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that
minimizes damage to the environment.
Corporate social responsibility - Companies’
acknowledged responsibility to society.
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MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2
Three Primary Side Effects Of Businesses’ Expanded
Use Of Technology.
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INCREASED ELECTRONIC WASTE
E-waste - Refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic
devices.
Sustainable MIS disposal - Refers to the safe disposal of
MIS assets at the end of their life cycle.
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INCREASED ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Energy consumption – The amount of energy consumed by
business processes and systems.
Huge increases in technology use have greatly amplified
energy consumption.
The energy consumed by a computer is estimated to
produce as much as 10 percent of the amount of carbon
dioxide produced by an automobile.
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INCREASED CARBON EMISSIONS
Carbon emissions – Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
produced by business processes and systems.
When left on continuously, a single desktop computer and
monitor can consume at least 100 watts of power per hour.
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SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT: SUSTAINABLE MIS
INFRASTRUCTURE
The components of a
sustainable MIS
infrastructure include.
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GRID COMPUTING
Grid computing - A collection
of computers, often
geographically dispersed, that
are coordinated to solve a
common problem.
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VIRTUALIZED COMPUTING1
Virtualization - Creates multiple “virtual” machines on a
single computing device.
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VIRTUALIZED COMPUTING2
Data center – A facility used to house management
information systems and associated components, such as
telecommunications and storage systems.
Sustainable data centers.
• Reduces carbon emissions.
• Reduces required floor Space.
• Chooses Geographic location.
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CLOUD COMPUTING1
Multi-tenancy – The cloud means that a single instance of a
system serves multiple customers.
Single-tenancy – Each customer or tenant must purchase
and maintain an individual system.
Cloud fabric – The software that makes possible the
benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-tenancy.
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CLOUD COMPUTING2
On-Demand Self-Service: Users can increase storage and
processing power a needed.
Broad Network Access: All devices can access data and
applications.
Multi-Tenancy: Customers share pooled computer resources.
Measured Service: Clients can monitor and measure
transactions and use of resources.
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CLOUD COMPUTING3
Infrastructure as a service: Offers computer hardware and
networking equipment on a pay-per-use basis, Example:
Amazon EC2.
Software as a service: Offers applications on a pay-per-use
basis, Example: Salesforce.com.
Platform as a service: Offers hardware, networking, and
applications on a pay-per-use basis. Example: Google
Application Engine.
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CLOUD COMPUTING4
Private cloud: Single tenancy, on-premise, one organization,
Example: Bank, government, corporation.
Public cloud: Multi-tenancy, off-premise, several
organizations, Example: Amazon EC2, Windows Azure.
Hybrid cloud: Mix of private, public, or community, Example:
Private cloud of the company and a public cloud for
customers, suppliers, and partners.
Community cloud: Multi-tenancy, off-premise, several
organizations, Example: Private hospital, all Colorado State
government organizations.
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LEARNING OUTCOME REVIEW
Now that you have finished the chapter please
review the learning outcomes in your text.
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