This document discusses composite materials, beginning with a classification system. It describes composite materials as consisting of two or more materials with different physical or chemical properties. Composites are classified according to the type of reinforcement (particles, fibers, structural) and matrix (metal, ceramic, polymer). Particle-reinforced composites are discussed in more detail, including common reinforcements like silicon carbide and properties dependent on particle size and distribution. The rule of mixtures is introduced to explain how composite properties relate to the volume fraction and properties of the constituents.
Dr P R Rathod from L D College of Engineering in Ahmedabad provides a document discussing composite materials. The document defines composites as materials composed of two or more chemically distinct phases at the microscopic scale that have significantly different properties. It then discusses the history of composites dating back to ancient uses of materials like papyrus and straw bricks. It also provides examples of composites in everyday life like concrete, wood, and the human body. The document then covers various topics related to composites including their constituents, classification based on matrix and reinforcement, fiber reinforced composites, and structural composite materials like laminates and sandwich structures.
207682663-Composite-Material-An-Introduction.pptxAbinash Behera
The document provides an introduction to composite materials, including:
1. A brief history of composite materials from natural occurrences to modern developments.
2. A definition of composite materials as a combination of two materials and a basic composition of a composite including a matrix and reinforcements.
3. A classification of composites based on the matrix phase (polymer, metal, ceramic) and the type of reinforcements used (fibers, particulates, flakes, whiskers).
4. An overview of how to characterize the mechanical properties of composites including rule of mixtures, loading orientation, and methods to estimate properties like modulus of elasticity, strength, and thermal expansion.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more inherently different materials that when combined produce properties exceeding the individual components. The matrix holds the reinforcement and transfers load, while the reinforcement provides properties like strength and stiffness. Common matrix materials include epoxies, metals, and ceramics. Fiber reinforcements include glass, carbon, and aramid fibers. The document discusses different types of composites and their applications, advantages like high strength and design flexibility, and disadvantages like anisotropic properties and difficulties in inspection.
This document provides an overview of composite materials. It defines a composite as a material made of two or more physically distinct phases that produce properties different from the individual components. The document discusses various types of composite materials, including metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites. It also covers the classification of composites, functions of the matrix, reinforcing phases, properties, processing techniques, and applications.
This document provides an overview of composite materials, including their advantages over traditional materials like metals. It discusses key topics such as the constituents of composites, different manufacturing methods, mechanical properties, applications, and challenges. The goal of the course is for students to gain an understanding of composite terminology, develop models to predict mechanical response, and be able to optimally design composite structures.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of AA7050 Reinforced with SiC Metal Matri...veeru veeru
This document discusses evaluating the mechanical properties of AA7050 aluminum reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) metal matrix composite. It aims to improve properties like strength, hardness, and corrosion/wear resistance of the aluminum alloy. The work fabricates the composite by ultrasonically dispersing SiC particles in molten AA7050 aluminum alloy. It analyzes the mechanical properties including hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength compared to the base alloy. The weight percentage of SiC is varied from 0-20% and properties are correlated with processing parameters like weight percentage. The composite shows improved properties like high strength, hardness, thermal shock resistance, and wear resistance over the unreinforced alloy.
undamentals of Crystal Structure: BCC, FCC and HCP Structures, coordination number and atomic packing factors, crystal imperfections -point line and surface imperfections. Atomic Diffusion: Phenomenon, Fick’s laws of diffusion, factors affecting diffusion.
Dr P R Rathod from L D College of Engineering in Ahmedabad provides a document discussing composite materials. The document defines composites as materials composed of two or more chemically distinct phases at the microscopic scale that have significantly different properties. It then discusses the history of composites dating back to ancient uses of materials like papyrus and straw bricks. It also provides examples of composites in everyday life like concrete, wood, and the human body. The document then covers various topics related to composites including their constituents, classification based on matrix and reinforcement, fiber reinforced composites, and structural composite materials like laminates and sandwich structures.
207682663-Composite-Material-An-Introduction.pptxAbinash Behera
The document provides an introduction to composite materials, including:
1. A brief history of composite materials from natural occurrences to modern developments.
2. A definition of composite materials as a combination of two materials and a basic composition of a composite including a matrix and reinforcements.
3. A classification of composites based on the matrix phase (polymer, metal, ceramic) and the type of reinforcements used (fibers, particulates, flakes, whiskers).
4. An overview of how to characterize the mechanical properties of composites including rule of mixtures, loading orientation, and methods to estimate properties like modulus of elasticity, strength, and thermal expansion.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more inherently different materials that when combined produce properties exceeding the individual components. The matrix holds the reinforcement and transfers load, while the reinforcement provides properties like strength and stiffness. Common matrix materials include epoxies, metals, and ceramics. Fiber reinforcements include glass, carbon, and aramid fibers. The document discusses different types of composites and their applications, advantages like high strength and design flexibility, and disadvantages like anisotropic properties and difficulties in inspection.
This document provides an overview of composite materials. It defines a composite as a material made of two or more physically distinct phases that produce properties different from the individual components. The document discusses various types of composite materials, including metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites. It also covers the classification of composites, functions of the matrix, reinforcing phases, properties, processing techniques, and applications.
This document provides an overview of composite materials, including their advantages over traditional materials like metals. It discusses key topics such as the constituents of composites, different manufacturing methods, mechanical properties, applications, and challenges. The goal of the course is for students to gain an understanding of composite terminology, develop models to predict mechanical response, and be able to optimally design composite structures.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of AA7050 Reinforced with SiC Metal Matri...veeru veeru
This document discusses evaluating the mechanical properties of AA7050 aluminum reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) metal matrix composite. It aims to improve properties like strength, hardness, and corrosion/wear resistance of the aluminum alloy. The work fabricates the composite by ultrasonically dispersing SiC particles in molten AA7050 aluminum alloy. It analyzes the mechanical properties including hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength compared to the base alloy. The weight percentage of SiC is varied from 0-20% and properties are correlated with processing parameters like weight percentage. The composite shows improved properties like high strength, hardness, thermal shock resistance, and wear resistance over the unreinforced alloy.
undamentals of Crystal Structure: BCC, FCC and HCP Structures, coordination number and atomic packing factors, crystal imperfections -point line and surface imperfections. Atomic Diffusion: Phenomenon, Fick’s laws of diffusion, factors affecting diffusion.
The document provides an introduction to materials science and engineering. It discusses the key concepts of structure, properties, processing and performance as they relate to materials. It then classifies common materials as metals, ceramics, polymers and composites, providing examples of each and comparing their typical properties. The document concludes by discussing advanced materials, including semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials and nano-engineered materials.
This document discusses composite materials, including their definition, constituents, types, and applications. It provides the following key points:
1. Composite materials are formed by combining two or more materials with different physical or chemical properties, where the constituent materials remain separate on a macro scale. Fibers provide strength and stiffness while the matrix binds the fibers together.
2. There are three main types of composites: metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and polymer matrix. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are the most widely used.
3. The matrix protects the fibers, transfers stress to the fibers, and holds the fibers in the desired orientation. The properties of the composite depend on the properties and relative amounts of the
The document discusses different types of composite materials including their definitions, advantages, classifications, and properties. It describes metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites. Key points include that composites can have high strength and stiffness yet be lightweight, and that their properties depend on the constituent materials, geometry, and interactions between phases.
This document provides information about various composite materials and their properties. It discusses:
1. Thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers, giving examples like acrylic, ABS, and nylon.
2. Metal matrix composites, which consist of fibers or particles in a metal matrix. Common matrix materials include aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. Reinforcements include silicon carbide, alumina, and graphite fibers or particles.
3. Applications of composites in aerospace, automotive, and other industries due to properties like high strength and temperature resistance. However, metal matrix composites have higher costs than organic composites.
This document discusses composite materials and provides classifications. It begins by defining composite materials as materials made from two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties. Composites are then classified into two levels: by matrix (organic, metal, ceramic) and by reinforcement form (fiber reinforced, laminar, particulate). Fiber reinforced composites can be continuous or discontinuous. Conventional materials like plastics, ceramics, and metals are also discussed and their advantages and limitations compared. The document provides an overview of composite materials and classifications.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials, including:
- A composite consists of two or more materials combined to take advantage of their combined properties. Composites have higher strength and stiffness than metals but allow for tailored design.
- Common fibers include glass, carbon, and aramid, and matrices include polymers, metals, and ceramics. Different manufacturing methods are used to produce composites.
- Composites have advantages over metals like higher strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and fatigue life. Their properties can be optimized for different applications.
This document provides an overview of composite materials, including definitions, key components, types of composites, and applications. It defines a composite as a material made from two or more constituent materials combined to give unique properties. Composites consist of a reinforcement material, such as fibers, and a matrix that holds the reinforcements together. The document describes different types of reinforcements, matrices, and the roles they play in composites. It also outlines various composite material types and their applications in industries such as aerospace, automotive, marine, and consumer goods.
Composites, green chemistry, biodiesel, carbon neutralityVishnu Thumma
This document provides information about a chemistry course taught at Matrusri Engineering College. The course objectives include correlating material properties with structure, applying electrochemistry principles, gaining knowledge about corrosion prevention and water treatment, and learning about green chemistry and biodiesel. The course outcomes are that students will be able to analyze battery cell potentials, identify water hardness and alkalinity, discuss polymers for various uses, identify fuel types, and outline green chemistry principles for sustainable environments and biodiesel production. One course module focuses on composites, green chemistry, and biodiesel.
Composite materials are made by combining two or more materials with different properties to create a new material with unique characteristics. The document discusses the history, types, manufacturing, and applications of composite materials. It notes that composite materials are increasingly being used in industries like automotive and aerospace due to advantages like higher strength and stiffness compared to traditional materials, while remaining lightweight. New techniques like textile composites aim to lower costs and improve performance of composites.
The document discusses various types of functional materials including oxides, composites, polymers, conducting polymers, nanomaterials, and their properties and applications. It covers topics such as oxide structures of types AB, AB2, and ABO3; types and properties of composites; classes of polymers like thermosetting and thermoplastic and examples including TEFLON and BAKELITE; conducting polymers including polyacetylene and doping; OLED display devices; introduction to nanomaterials comparing bulk vs nano properties with example of quantum dots; top-down and bottom-up synthesis approaches; and properties of gold nanoparticles.
This document discusses advanced materials, specifically composite materials, and their uses in aeronautical engineering. It defines composites as materials made from two or more constituent materials that form a continuous matrix reinforced by another material. Composites provide benefits like reduced weight, improved strength, and corrosion resistance. The document categorizes composites into polymer matrix, metal matrix, and ceramic matrix composites and describes examples and properties of each type. It outlines key applications of composites in aircraft, including structural components, engines, and interior panels, due to composites' high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance compared to metals.
Unit 1-Introduction to Composites.pptxrohanpanage1
Composite materials can be summarized as follows:
1. Composite materials consist of a matrix and reinforcement, where the reinforcement is embedded within the matrix to improve its properties. Composites take advantage of the strengths of both materials.
2. Composites are classified based on their matrix, which can be polymer, metal, or ceramic. They are also classified based on the type of reinforcement, which can be particles, fibers, whiskers, or structural.
3. The matrix holds the reinforcement in place and protects it, while the reinforcement improves properties like strength and stiffness. Together they provide benefits like weight reduction, durability, and design flexibility compared to traditional materials.
Review on Hybrid Composite Materials and its ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes hybrid composite materials and their applications. It begins by defining composite materials as mixtures of two or more distinct materials that result in properties different from the individual components. Advanced composites consist of stiff fibers embedded in a matrix, such as carbon fibers in epoxy.
The document then discusses several types of composites - particle-reinforced, nanocomposites, fiber-reinforced, and graphene-based. It provides examples of each type and describes their reinforcement mechanisms. Applications are highlighted for aerospace, automotive, wind turbines, construction and more. The document concludes that studies of composite materials and technologies help research in this area.
IRJET- Research and Development of Advanced Matrix Materials Composites and P...IRJET Journal
The document discusses advanced matrix materials composites (AMMC), which are composite materials reinforced with fibers or particles. It describes several types of AMMC including polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and ceramic matrix composites. It provides examples of materials used for each matrix, such as plastics, metals, carbon, and discusses their properties and applications. The document aims to highlight research and development of lightweight structural composites and their increasing use in aerospace, aeronautics, and other industries due to benefits like lower weight and cost.
This document provides information on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. It discusses the production of CFRP through various molding techniques like vacuum bagging and compression molding. It also covers the properties of CFRP composites like their light weight and high strength compared to other materials. Some disadvantages of CFRP like their high cost are also mentioned. Applications of CFRP composites in the aerospace, automotive and defense industries are summarized.
The document discusses different types of composite materials. It defines composites as materials made from two or more constituent materials with different physical properties. Composites are classified based on the matrix and geometry of reinforcements. The main types of matrices are polymer, metal, ceramic and carbon. Fiber reinforced, laminar and particulate composites are types based on reinforcement geometry. The document provides examples and images to explain different composite materials.
The document summarizes composites and their classification. It discusses that composites are made of two or more materials to produce new properties. Composites are classified based on the matrix and reinforcement geometry. The main matrix types are polymer, metal, ceramic. Reinforcements include fibers, sheets and particles. Fiber reinforced composites are widely used. Applications of composites include aerospace, automotive, construction, medical and more due to their high strength and stiffness but low density.
Experimental evaluations and performance of the aluminum silicon carbide par...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study on aluminum-silicon carbide particle metal matrix composites. Ring-shaped composites were fabricated using solid-state processing with varying sintering temperatures and times. The composites were subjected to thermal shock at +800C and -800C, and their radial crushing strength was tested. Micrographs of the fractured surfaces were analyzed. Thermal shock from sub-ambient temperatures was found to be more damaging than from elevated temperatures. Failure from elevated temperatures was dominated by cavity formation at interfaces, while sub-ambient temperatures caused more interfacial and matrix damage. The study evaluated the effect of reinforcement particles on the mechanical properties of the composites.
Experimental evaluations and performance of the aluminum silicon carbide par...IAEME Publication
Stresses induced due to thermal mismatch between the metal matrix and the ceramic reinforcement in metal matrix composite may impart plastic deformation to the matrix there by
resulting in a reduction of the residual stresses. Thermal mismatch strains also may quite often crack
the matrix resulting in a relaxation of the residual stresses. The interface in MMCs is a porous, noncrystalline portion in comparison with the matrix or the reinforcement (metal matrix and ceramic reinforcement in this case).
This document discusses composite materials. It defines a composite as a material made from two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties. Composites can be stronger and stiffer yet lighter than steel or aluminum. It classifies composites based on their matrix material (polymer, metal, ceramic, carbon) and reinforcement geometry (particulate, flake, fiber). It provides examples of different composites and their applications in aerospace, aircraft, automotive, and other industries due to properties like high strength and stiffness but low weight.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
The document provides an introduction to materials science and engineering. It discusses the key concepts of structure, properties, processing and performance as they relate to materials. It then classifies common materials as metals, ceramics, polymers and composites, providing examples of each and comparing their typical properties. The document concludes by discussing advanced materials, including semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials and nano-engineered materials.
This document discusses composite materials, including their definition, constituents, types, and applications. It provides the following key points:
1. Composite materials are formed by combining two or more materials with different physical or chemical properties, where the constituent materials remain separate on a macro scale. Fibers provide strength and stiffness while the matrix binds the fibers together.
2. There are three main types of composites: metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and polymer matrix. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are the most widely used.
3. The matrix protects the fibers, transfers stress to the fibers, and holds the fibers in the desired orientation. The properties of the composite depend on the properties and relative amounts of the
The document discusses different types of composite materials including their definitions, advantages, classifications, and properties. It describes metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites. Key points include that composites can have high strength and stiffness yet be lightweight, and that their properties depend on the constituent materials, geometry, and interactions between phases.
This document provides information about various composite materials and their properties. It discusses:
1. Thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers, giving examples like acrylic, ABS, and nylon.
2. Metal matrix composites, which consist of fibers or particles in a metal matrix. Common matrix materials include aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. Reinforcements include silicon carbide, alumina, and graphite fibers or particles.
3. Applications of composites in aerospace, automotive, and other industries due to properties like high strength and temperature resistance. However, metal matrix composites have higher costs than organic composites.
This document discusses composite materials and provides classifications. It begins by defining composite materials as materials made from two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties. Composites are then classified into two levels: by matrix (organic, metal, ceramic) and by reinforcement form (fiber reinforced, laminar, particulate). Fiber reinforced composites can be continuous or discontinuous. Conventional materials like plastics, ceramics, and metals are also discussed and their advantages and limitations compared. The document provides an overview of composite materials and classifications.
This document provides an introduction to composite materials, including:
- A composite consists of two or more materials combined to take advantage of their combined properties. Composites have higher strength and stiffness than metals but allow for tailored design.
- Common fibers include glass, carbon, and aramid, and matrices include polymers, metals, and ceramics. Different manufacturing methods are used to produce composites.
- Composites have advantages over metals like higher strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and fatigue life. Their properties can be optimized for different applications.
This document provides an overview of composite materials, including definitions, key components, types of composites, and applications. It defines a composite as a material made from two or more constituent materials combined to give unique properties. Composites consist of a reinforcement material, such as fibers, and a matrix that holds the reinforcements together. The document describes different types of reinforcements, matrices, and the roles they play in composites. It also outlines various composite material types and their applications in industries such as aerospace, automotive, marine, and consumer goods.
Composites, green chemistry, biodiesel, carbon neutralityVishnu Thumma
This document provides information about a chemistry course taught at Matrusri Engineering College. The course objectives include correlating material properties with structure, applying electrochemistry principles, gaining knowledge about corrosion prevention and water treatment, and learning about green chemistry and biodiesel. The course outcomes are that students will be able to analyze battery cell potentials, identify water hardness and alkalinity, discuss polymers for various uses, identify fuel types, and outline green chemistry principles for sustainable environments and biodiesel production. One course module focuses on composites, green chemistry, and biodiesel.
Composite materials are made by combining two or more materials with different properties to create a new material with unique characteristics. The document discusses the history, types, manufacturing, and applications of composite materials. It notes that composite materials are increasingly being used in industries like automotive and aerospace due to advantages like higher strength and stiffness compared to traditional materials, while remaining lightweight. New techniques like textile composites aim to lower costs and improve performance of composites.
The document discusses various types of functional materials including oxides, composites, polymers, conducting polymers, nanomaterials, and their properties and applications. It covers topics such as oxide structures of types AB, AB2, and ABO3; types and properties of composites; classes of polymers like thermosetting and thermoplastic and examples including TEFLON and BAKELITE; conducting polymers including polyacetylene and doping; OLED display devices; introduction to nanomaterials comparing bulk vs nano properties with example of quantum dots; top-down and bottom-up synthesis approaches; and properties of gold nanoparticles.
This document discusses advanced materials, specifically composite materials, and their uses in aeronautical engineering. It defines composites as materials made from two or more constituent materials that form a continuous matrix reinforced by another material. Composites provide benefits like reduced weight, improved strength, and corrosion resistance. The document categorizes composites into polymer matrix, metal matrix, and ceramic matrix composites and describes examples and properties of each type. It outlines key applications of composites in aircraft, including structural components, engines, and interior panels, due to composites' high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance compared to metals.
Unit 1-Introduction to Composites.pptxrohanpanage1
Composite materials can be summarized as follows:
1. Composite materials consist of a matrix and reinforcement, where the reinforcement is embedded within the matrix to improve its properties. Composites take advantage of the strengths of both materials.
2. Composites are classified based on their matrix, which can be polymer, metal, or ceramic. They are also classified based on the type of reinforcement, which can be particles, fibers, whiskers, or structural.
3. The matrix holds the reinforcement in place and protects it, while the reinforcement improves properties like strength and stiffness. Together they provide benefits like weight reduction, durability, and design flexibility compared to traditional materials.
Review on Hybrid Composite Materials and its ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes hybrid composite materials and their applications. It begins by defining composite materials as mixtures of two or more distinct materials that result in properties different from the individual components. Advanced composites consist of stiff fibers embedded in a matrix, such as carbon fibers in epoxy.
The document then discusses several types of composites - particle-reinforced, nanocomposites, fiber-reinforced, and graphene-based. It provides examples of each type and describes their reinforcement mechanisms. Applications are highlighted for aerospace, automotive, wind turbines, construction and more. The document concludes that studies of composite materials and technologies help research in this area.
IRJET- Research and Development of Advanced Matrix Materials Composites and P...IRJET Journal
The document discusses advanced matrix materials composites (AMMC), which are composite materials reinforced with fibers or particles. It describes several types of AMMC including polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and ceramic matrix composites. It provides examples of materials used for each matrix, such as plastics, metals, carbon, and discusses their properties and applications. The document aims to highlight research and development of lightweight structural composites and their increasing use in aerospace, aeronautics, and other industries due to benefits like lower weight and cost.
This document provides information on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. It discusses the production of CFRP through various molding techniques like vacuum bagging and compression molding. It also covers the properties of CFRP composites like their light weight and high strength compared to other materials. Some disadvantages of CFRP like their high cost are also mentioned. Applications of CFRP composites in the aerospace, automotive and defense industries are summarized.
The document discusses different types of composite materials. It defines composites as materials made from two or more constituent materials with different physical properties. Composites are classified based on the matrix and geometry of reinforcements. The main types of matrices are polymer, metal, ceramic and carbon. Fiber reinforced, laminar and particulate composites are types based on reinforcement geometry. The document provides examples and images to explain different composite materials.
The document summarizes composites and their classification. It discusses that composites are made of two or more materials to produce new properties. Composites are classified based on the matrix and reinforcement geometry. The main matrix types are polymer, metal, ceramic. Reinforcements include fibers, sheets and particles. Fiber reinforced composites are widely used. Applications of composites include aerospace, automotive, construction, medical and more due to their high strength and stiffness but low density.
Experimental evaluations and performance of the aluminum silicon carbide par...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study on aluminum-silicon carbide particle metal matrix composites. Ring-shaped composites were fabricated using solid-state processing with varying sintering temperatures and times. The composites were subjected to thermal shock at +800C and -800C, and their radial crushing strength was tested. Micrographs of the fractured surfaces were analyzed. Thermal shock from sub-ambient temperatures was found to be more damaging than from elevated temperatures. Failure from elevated temperatures was dominated by cavity formation at interfaces, while sub-ambient temperatures caused more interfacial and matrix damage. The study evaluated the effect of reinforcement particles on the mechanical properties of the composites.
Experimental evaluations and performance of the aluminum silicon carbide par...IAEME Publication
Stresses induced due to thermal mismatch between the metal matrix and the ceramic reinforcement in metal matrix composite may impart plastic deformation to the matrix there by
resulting in a reduction of the residual stresses. Thermal mismatch strains also may quite often crack
the matrix resulting in a relaxation of the residual stresses. The interface in MMCs is a porous, noncrystalline portion in comparison with the matrix or the reinforcement (metal matrix and ceramic reinforcement in this case).
This document discusses composite materials. It defines a composite as a material made from two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties. Composites can be stronger and stiffer yet lighter than steel or aluminum. It classifies composites based on their matrix material (polymer, metal, ceramic, carbon) and reinforcement geometry (particulate, flake, fiber). It provides examples of different composites and their applications in aerospace, aircraft, automotive, and other industries due to properties like high strength and stiffness but low weight.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
1. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
1
TOPIC 8. COMPOSITE MATERIALS
1
1. Classification according to type of reinforcement and matrix
2. Type of constituents
3. Particle reinforced composite materials
4. Rule of mixtures
5. Fiber reinforced composite materials
5.1 Types of fibers (glass, carbon, aramid, boron and
ceramics)
6. Structural composite materials (laminates and sandwich
structures)
Universidad
Carlos III de Madrid
www.uc3m.es
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
2. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
2
“Mix of two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or
chemical properties which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level
within the finished structure”
Reinforcement:
Particles (dispersion strengthened
or large particles)
Fibers (discontinuous - short or
continuous - aligned )
Structural (laminates and sandwich
structures)
Matrix:
Metal matrix composites (MMC)
Ceramic matrix composites (CMC)
Polymer matrix composites (PMC)
When is a material considered to be a composite?
Microstructural level (< 0,01 cm) to macrostructural (> 0,01 cm)
Wood Concrete
Hypoeutectoid steel Reinforce concrete
Austenitic stainless steel Cement
Cellophane Reinforced plastic
Paper
1. CLASSIFICATION
DEFINITION AND TYPES
?
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
3. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
3
Wood (lignin + celullose)
Concrete (gravel + cement)
Hypoeutectoid steel (ferrite + pearlite)
Reinforced concrete (gravel + cement + steel)
Austenitic stainless steel (grains =)
Cement
Cellophane (Multiple polymeric layers)
Reinforced plastic (it doesn’t improve its properties)
Paper (only cellulose fibers)
- Composite material
- Limit of composite material
- Not a composite material
DEFINITION AND TYPES
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
4. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
Wood
cellulose-filaments in a matrix of lignin and hemicellulose
growth rings form a layered composite
perpendicular to the growth rings are radially oriented
ribbon-like structures : rays which provide a redial stiffening
and reinforcement
COMPOSITES IN NATURE
Abalone shell:
CaCO3
+ 3% organic material
>3000* stronger than calcite
Oak wood
pine wood
Sea shells
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wood_structure_numbers.svg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hard_Soft_Wood.jpg
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
5. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
Properties to take into account for material design ⇒
For ceramic and metallic component: Physical (thermal, electrical,
optical…) and mechanical (stiffness, toughness, stress-strain
behaviour…)
For plastic components: Physical and mechanical. Also the water
absorption and transmission
Different matrix, reinforcement and properties of CM
Matrix Reinforcement material Properties
Metal Metal fibers, ceramic, carbon, glass
Electric resistance to temp.↑
thermal stability
Ceramic
Particles and metallic fibers and
ceramics
Chemical and thermal
resistance to temp. ↑
Glass Glass and ceramic particles
Mechanical strength and
chemical resistance to temp.↑
thermal stability
Organic Carbon, glass and organic fibers
Mechanical strength to high
temp. chemical and electrical,
and erosion resistance,
flexibility and thermal stability
CLASSES ACCORDING TO REINFORCEMENT AND MATRIX
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
6. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
Structures, reinforcements, types and properties of composite
materials
6
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Particle-reinforced Fiber-reinforced Structural
Large-
particle
Dispersion
strengthen
Continuous
(aligned)
Discontinuous
(short)
Laminates Sandwich
panels
TYPE OF CONSTITUENTS
aligned Randomly oriented
Structure
Reinforcement Composite material Properties
Particles Particle-reinforced Isotropic
Short fibres Random
Aligned
Isotripic
Anisotropic
Continious fibers Aligned continous fibres Anisotropic
Laminates or
layers
laminates Anistotropic
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
7. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
7
Schematic representation of several geometric and spatial characteristics of
particles of the dispersed phase
The composite material properties depend upon the properties of each of
its phases, their relative proportions and their geometry
TYPE OF CONSTITUENTS
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
8. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
8
3. PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Particles: geometrical variety
Factors that have an influence in physical an mechanical properties:
size, distribution and particle content
Advantages of particle reinforced composite materials
Low cost
High stiffness and strength (inorganic particles)
Wear resistance
Simpler manufacturing process
Mechanical properties depend on the reinforcement, manufacturing
and subsequent treatments
Most used metallic matrixes are Al, Mg, Ti y Ni
Polymeric matrixes are reinforced to improve their mechanical
strength and abrasion resistance
General aspects of particle reinforce composites:
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
9. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
9
TYPES OF PARTICLES
Great variety of ceramic particles
To select the appropriate reinforcement it should be taken into account:
Structural
High modulus
Low density
Particle shape (avoid corners)
Thermal:
Expansion coefficient and conductivity
Properties of SiC and Al2O3 particles:
Particle
3. PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
10. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
10
⇒ Dispersed phase: Particles with d=10-250 nm ⇒ Dislocation movement is
blocked causing hardening (↑ hardness, ↑ E, ↑ σ).
⇒ Continuous phase: Matrix is bearing the load
System Application
Ag-CdO Electrical connectors
Al-Al2O3 Nuclear reactors
Be-BeO Nuclear reactor and aerospace
Co-ThO2,Y2O3 Magnetic materials resistant to yield
Ni-20% Cr-ThO2 Turbojet components
Pb-PbO Battery grid
Pt-ThO2 Wires, electrical components
Examples and applications of dispersion strengthened compounds
3. PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
11. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
11
3.2 Composite materials reinforced with large particles
3. PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
12. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
12
CERMETS (cemented carbides) Hard ceramic particles scattered in a metallic
matrix
Tungsten carbide particles, WC (hard, stiff, and ↑Tm) scattered in metallic
matrixes are used as cutting tools
These composites are brittle ⇒ toughness improvement: it is combined with Co
powder that when sintered acts as an adhesive for WC particles.
ABRASIVE cutting and forming discs from alumina Al2O3, silicon carbide, SiC cubic boron
nitride, BN. This particles are cemented in vitreous or polymeric matrixes
CAST PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITES Al casting with SiC particles for
applications in the car industry (pistons and connecting rods)
3. PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
13. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
13
CONCRETE
It is a matrix of cement together with gravel or sand particles
“It is a composite of particles held together by cement”
There are two kinds of cement: Asphalt cement (for paving) and Portland cement (for
building construction)
PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE
Ingredients: Fine aggregate Portland cement (sand), coarse aggregate (gravel) and water
⇒ fine sand particles occupy the empty spaces between gravel particles. These
aggregates are 60-80% of the total volume.
⇒ The cement-water mixture must cover the sand and gravel particles. The final
bonding cement-particles depends upon the quantity of water (insufficient water:
incomplete bonding; excess water: porosity)
PROBLEMS: low strength and extremely brittle; it dilates and contracts
with temperature; cracks appear when it undergoes freezing-defreezing
cycles.
SOLUTION: Reinforcements REINFORCED CONCRETE (STEEL tubes,
bars, wires or meshes in cement before curing)
3. PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
14. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
14
Maximum: Minimum:
Relationship between volume fraction and E ⇒”Value of E constrained”
Rule of mixtures: The properties of a composite material depend upon the relative quantities
and properties of its constituents
PCM= Properties of the composite material;
f= volumetric fraction of each i (∑fi=1)
i= i-th component
Particle-reinforced composite → Isotropic properties
E: elastic modulus
V: fraction of volume
m: matrix
p: reinforcement
c: composite material
3. RULE OF MIXTURES
William D. Callister, Jr. ,Materials Science and
Engineering: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
15. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
Examples: Particle Reinforced composite
1 µm
Carbon Black particle reinforcement in
Styrene-Butadiene synthetic rubber for
car tire application.
WC–Co cemented carbide. Light
areas are the cobalt matrix; dark
regions, the particles
of tungsten carbide x100.
William D. Callister, Jr. ,Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
16. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
16
5. FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
17. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
17
Continuous fibers
(aligned)
Short or discontinuous fibers (aligned
or randomly scattered)
Classification according to shape
a)Continuous and aligned fibers
b)Discontinuous and aligned
fibers
c)Discontinuous and randomly
places fibers
Longitudinal direction
Transverse
direction
5. FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
18. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
18
Glass Fibers
5. FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glass_reinforced_plastic_SEM_Stereo_200x.JPG
Composite material fiberglass
reinforced polymeric matrix
(stereoscopic SEM image of the
fracture surface)
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
19. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
19
5.1 TYPES OF FIBERS: Glass Fibers
Used to reinforce plastic matrixes
Composition: Base of SiO2 (50-70%) + Oxides Ca, Al, B, Na, Mg and K
Properties: non combustible, good chemical, biological and thermal
resistance (Tm↑,α↓), thermal insulator (K↓), electric insulator (σ↓),
low expansion coefficient and low cost
Types and composition of different fiberglass:
Material, % in weight
Type of
glass
Silica Alumina Ca Oxide Magnesium B Oxide Na2CO3 Ca Fluoride
Secondary
Oxides
E (1) 54 14 20,5 0,5 8 1 1 1
A (2) 72 1 8 4 - 14 - 1
ECR 61 11 22 3 - 0,6 - 2,4
S (3) 64 25 - 10 - 0,3 - 0,7
(1) Ca Aluminoborosilicate
(2) Rich in alkali
(3) Mg Aluminosilicate without B
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
20. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
20
Fiberglass properties
Type
of
glass
ρrelative
σtensile
(MPa) E (GPa)
α × 10-6
(K)
ε
(a 20 ºC y 1
MHz)
Tm (ºC) For applications that require
E 2,58 3450 72,5 5,0 6,3 1065
Good electrical properties and dimensional
stability (circuit boards)
A 2,50 3040 69,0 8,6 6,9 996 Chemical resistance
ECR 2,62 3625 72,5 5,0 6,5 1204
Good electrical properties and chemical
resistance
S 2,48 4590 86,0 5,6 5,1 1454
Tensile strength and thermal stability
(aerospace and aeronautic industries)
• The strength of these fibers is high but not extreme: there are limits in their application
• E glass is the cheapest and has the highest moisture resistance (polymeric matrixes)
• All the fibers are good insulators
Common polymeric matrixes:
Thermoplastics: Nylon 66, Polycarbonate y Polystyrene
Thermoplastics: Epoxy, polyesters, phenolic, silicon
5.1 TYPES OF FIBERS: Glass Fibers
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
21. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
21
a) Continuous fibers
b) Discontinuous
c) Woven fiber (for laminated structures)
There are three possible configurations for fiberglass reinforced
composite materials:
5.1 TYPES OF FIBERS: Glass Fibers
a.
b.
c.
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
22. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
22
Advanced composites for aerospace and aeronautic fibers
⇒Very good thermal and physical properties (High electrical conductivity and high
thermal conductivity).
⇒ Carbon fibers in composites with plastic resins (i.e.: epoxy) good combination of
high mechanical strength, stiffness and low weight →aerospace applications
-Low cost: sport equipment manufacturing, industrial and commercial products
(70’s ≈ 220 $/kg and 80’s ≈ 9$/kg)
⇒ Manufactured from organic precursors:
Rayon and isotropic tars (fibers E↓ , ≤ 50 GPa)
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and liquid crystal tar (E↑) (easier to orientate)
1. STABILIZATION Stretching (200-300ºC): fibrillar network
2. CARBONIZATION 1000-1500ºC inert atmosphere ⇒ Removal O,H,N HT-CF
3. GRAPHITIZATION T>1800ºC. Degree of orientation increased: ↑E and strength: HM-CF
5.1 TYPES OF FIBERS: Carbon fiber
PAN fiber
Stabilization
at 200-220oC
Carbonization at
1000-1500oC
Grafitization at
1800oC
High-strength
carbon fiber
High-modulus
carbon fiber
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
23. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
23
⇒ Kevlar polyamide (poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide ))
⇒The aromatic ring provides thermal stability
⇒ E ↑↑ due to its configuration: rigid molecules are arrayed in ordered domains (liquid
crystal polymer)→ during extrusion they are oriented in the direction of the flow
⇒ Thermal and electrical insulator, ↓α, high impact strength and ↓E (compared to
carbon)
Properties of the three types of Kevlar
Material ρ (g/cm3) Dwire (µm) σtensile(GPa) E (GPa) ε (%)
Kevlar 29 1,44 12 3,6 83 4,0
Kevlar 49 1,44 12 3,6-4,1 131 2,8
Kevlar 149 1,47 12 3,4 186 2,0
5.1 TYPES OF FIBERS: Aramid fiber
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Kevlar_chemical_structure_H-bonds.png
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
24. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
24
Boron fibers
Ceramic fibers: Mainly quartz (Al2O3, Si3N4,…)
Manufactured through a vapor deposition of B over a core of W
5.1 TYPES OF FIBERS: Boron and ceramics
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25. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
25
5.1 TYPES OF FIBERS
Mechanical properties of the different fibers
William F. Smith, Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 3/e, McGraw-Hill 2004
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
26. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
26
6. STRUCTURAL COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Formed by composite materials and homogeneous materials
Properties depend on the geometry of the structural elements
Types → laminated composites
→ sandwich structures
Piling of layers or lamina of unidirectional composite material
Laminar composite example: continuous and aligned fiber reinforced plastics
with matrixes such as epoxy, polyester, PE, PA, PET…
In order to get different mechanical properties ⇒ layers of materials with
different properties are piled, or a different way of piling layers on top of each
other.
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
27. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
27
⇒Orientation of fibers with respect to the lamina:
Usual fiber orientations: 0, 90, +/-45. By combining these orientations, the desired strength
and stiffness is achieved. Plane isotropy can be achieved.
Fiber layers arranged in a way so that strength is maximized and weight is minimized.
Laminated composites must always
be symmetric with respect to their
middle plane, and the must also be
balanced to avoid anomalous
distortions in the structure
The strength and stiffness varies
greatly with the orientation.
A piling of woven materials without
any bonding does not have any
structural use. Therefore a matrix is
needed.
Exclusively unidirectional composites
are never used.
Piled lamina. The orientation of the direction with
↑R changes in each of the layers
Unidirectional
Crossplied
Quasi-isotropic
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28. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
28
2 external strong layers (face sheets) attached to a layer of less dense material
(core) with low stiffness and low strength
Role of the face sheets they withstand most of the plane loads and transversal bending
stresses
Face sheet material Al alloys, fiber-reinforced plastics, Ti, steel and plywood.
Core material separates both face sheets and resists deformations perpendicular to the
face plane. Provide resistance to shear stress along the planes perpendicular to the face
sheets
Core materials may have different
and have different structures: polymer
foams, synthetic rubber, inorganic
cement and balsa wood
Typical core with honeycomb
structure→ thin layers arranged in
hexagonal cells.
honeycomb panel used in aircraft
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CompositeSandwich.png
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
29. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
Applications of composites
GLARE
"GLAss-REinforced" Fibre Metal Laminate (FML),
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LCA_Composites.jpg
honeycomb panel
used in aircraft
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano
30. Dpt. Materials Sci. and Eng. and Chem. Eng. UC3M
Topic 8. Composite materials (I)
30
Applications of composites
Sophia A. Tsipas / Berna Serrano