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APPROACHES TO
THE SCHOOL
CURRICULUM
THREE WAYS OF
APPROACHING A
CURRICULUM
1. CURRICULUM
AS A CONTENT
OR BODY OF
KNOWLEDGE
2. Curriculum
as a Process
3.Curriculum
as a Product
1. Curriculum as a
Content or Body of
Knowledge
Focus will be the
body of knowledge
to be transmitted to
students using
appropriate
teaching method.
The likelihood of teaching
will be limited to the
acquisation of facts,
concepts and principles of
the subject matter; however,
the content can also be
taken as a means to an end.
WAYS OF PRESENTING
THE CONTENT IN THE
CURRICULUM
*Topical approach-
much content is
based on knowledge,
and experiences are
included. *Concept approach-
fewer topics in clusters
among major and sub-
concepts and their
interaction, with
relatedness
emphasized.
*Thematic Approach-
combination of
concepts that
develop conceptual
structures.
*Modular
Approach- leads
to complete units
of instruction.
Criteria in Selection of
Content
( Scheffer,1970 in Bilbao, et
al 2009)
Significance
Validity
Utility
Learnability
Feasibility
Interest
SIGNIFICANCE
Content should contribute
to the ideas, concepts,
principles and
generalization that should
attain the overall purpose of
the curriculum.
Content becomes the
means of developing
cognitive, affective, or
psychomotor skills of
the learners.
VALIDITY
Authenticity of
the subject
matter forms
its validity. There is a need for
validity check and
verification at a regular
interval, becausecontent
may not continue to be
valid.
UTILITY
Usefulness of the
content in the
curriculum is relative
to the learners who
are going to use this.
LEARNABILITY
The complexity of
the content must
be within the range
of the learners.
FEASIBILITY
Can the subject be
learned within the time
allowed, resources
available, expertise of
the teachers and the
nature of the learners?
Are the contents of
learning which can be
learned beyond the
formla teaching-learning
engagement?
INTEREST
Will the learners take
interest in the content?
What value will the
contents have in present
and fututre life of the
learners? Interest is one of
the driving forces
for the students
to lean better.
GUIDE IN THE SELECTION
OF THE CONTENT IN THE
CURRICULUM
1. Commonly used in
the daily life
2. Appropriate to the
maturity levels and
abilities of the
learners. 3. Valuable in
meeting the needs
and competencies of
the future career.
4. Related to other
subject fields or
dicipline for
complementation
and integration.
5. Important in
transfer of
learning to
other discipline.
BASIC Principles
of Curriculum
Content
In 1952, Palma
proposed the principle
BASIC as a guide in
addressing CONTENT
in the curriculum
BALANCE
Content should be
fairly distributed in
depth and breadth.
ARTICULATION
As the content
complexities
progresses with the
education levels
bridging should be
provided.
SEQUENCING
The logical
arrangement of the
content refers to
sequence or order.
INTEGRATION
Content in the
curriculum does not
stand alone or in
isolation. It has
relatedness to other
contents.
CONTINUITY
Curriculum should
continously flow as it
was before, to where it
is now,, and where it
will be in the future.
CURRICULUM
AS A PROCESS
Curriculum happens in
the classroom as the
questions asked b the
teacher and learning
activities engaged in by
the students.
The process of the teaching
and learning process
becomes the central concern
of teaching to emphasize
critical thinking meaning-
making and heads on, hands-
on doing and many others.
There are the ways of
teaching, ways of managing
the content, guiding learning,
methods of teaching and
learning and strategies of
teaching or delivery modes.
WHEN CURRICULUM IS
APPROACHED AS A
PROCESS, GUIDING
PRINCIPLES ARE
PRESENTED
Curriculum process
in the form of
teaching methods or
strategies are means
to achieve the end.
There is no single
best process in
method.
Curriculum should
stimulate the learners’
desire to develop the
cognitive, affective,
psychomotor domain in
each individual.
In the choice of
methods, learning and
teaching styles should
be considered.
Every method or
process should resultto
learning outcomes
which can be described
as cognitive, affective.
Flexibilty in the use
of the process or
methods should be
considered.
Both teaching and
learning are the two
important processes in
the implementation of
the curriculum.
CURRICULUM AS
A PRODUCT
Central to the approach
is the formulation of
behavioral objectives
stated as intended
learning outcomes. These learned or achieved
learning outcomes are
demonstrated by the person
who has meaningful
experiences in the
curriculum. All these result
of planning, content and
processes in the curriculum.
THANK
YOU <3

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CHAPTER-2.2.APPROACHES-TO-THE-SCHOOL-CURRICULUM.pptx

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