This document provides an overview of Chapter 6 from a finance textbook. It covers key concepts related to interest rates and bond valuation, including defining important bond features, discussing how bond values fluctuate based on interest rates, explaining bond ratings, and evaluating the impact of inflation on interest rates. The chapter outline lists topics like bond types, bond markets, and determinants of bond yields. Worked examples are provided for pricing bonds and calculating yield to maturity.
Wayne lippman present s bonds and their valuationWayne Lippman
Bonds are simply long-term IOUs that represent claims against a firm’s assets.
Bonds are a form of debt
Bonds are often referred to as fixed-income investments.
Key Features of a Bond
Debt instrument issued by a corp. or government.
Par value = face amount of the bond, which is paid at maturity (assume $1,000).
Coupon rate – stated interest rate (generally fixed) paid by the issuer. Multiply by par to get dollar payment of interest.
BONDS, FEATURES OF BONDS, BOND VALUATION, MEASURING YIELD, ASSESSING RISK, TYPES OF LONG- TERM DEBT INSTRUMENTS, SERIAL BONDS, TYPES OF RISK, SEMI- ANNUAL BONDS, YIELD TO CALL, YIELD TO MATURITY, DEFAULT RISK & FACTORS AFFECTING DEFAULT RISK & BOND RATINGS, etc.
Wayne lippman present s bonds and their valuationWayne Lippman
Bonds are simply long-term IOUs that represent claims against a firm’s assets.
Bonds are a form of debt
Bonds are often referred to as fixed-income investments.
Key Features of a Bond
Debt instrument issued by a corp. or government.
Par value = face amount of the bond, which is paid at maturity (assume $1,000).
Coupon rate – stated interest rate (generally fixed) paid by the issuer. Multiply by par to get dollar payment of interest.
BONDS, FEATURES OF BONDS, BOND VALUATION, MEASURING YIELD, ASSESSING RISK, TYPES OF LONG- TERM DEBT INSTRUMENTS, SERIAL BONDS, TYPES OF RISK, SEMI- ANNUAL BONDS, YIELD TO CALL, YIELD TO MATURITY, DEFAULT RISK & FACTORS AFFECTING DEFAULT RISK & BOND RATINGS, etc.
1 Time Value of MoneyMilestone One Time Value of Money (please fi.docxmonicafrancis71118
1 Time Value of MoneyMilestone One: Time Value of Money (please fill in YELLOW cells) Explanations:Interest Rate8% FCF (Free Cash Flows) is the net change in cash generated by the operations of a business during a reporting period, minus cash outlays for working capital, capital expenditures, and dividends during the same period. This is a strong indicator of the ability of an entity to remain in business.
Note: For Milestone One, please use the Free Cash Flows from the United Parcel Service 2017 Annual Report for the years 2015, 2016, and 2017 located on Page 2 of the Report.
FCF - YearsFCF - 2015FCF - 2016FCF - 2017Amounts*6,0826,0073,573Pv*(5,631.48)(5,150.03)(2,836.36)Total Pv*(13,617.88)*In millionsInterest Rate (given) - For purposes of this exercise, use 8% interest rate. Pv=FVN/(1+I)^NPV(I,N,0,FV)With 10% decrease in FCFInterest Rate8%FCF - YearsFCF - 2015FCF - 2016FCF - 2017Amounts*5,4745,4063,216Pv*(5,068.33)(4,635.03)(2,552.73)Total Pv*(12,256.09)*In millions
2 Stock and Bond ValuationMilestone Two: Stock Valuation and Bond Issuance (fill in the YELLOW cells) PART I: STOCK VALUATIONDividend from Financial Statements:Read the Explanations to the right of the calculation cells for specific information on the data.Explanations:Year Cash Div/share ($)Dividend YieldStockholder's Equity (in millions)Stock PriceNote:
1. The dividends declared and paid by UPS for 2015, 2016, and 2017 are found on the second page of the 2017 UPS Annual Report.
2. The dividend yield for 2015, 2016, and 2017 are found on the second page of the 2017 UPS Annual Report.
3. Stockholder's/Shareholder's equity for 2015, 2016, and 2017 are found on the second page of the UPS Annual Report. 20152.923.00%2,49197.333333333320163.122.70%429115.555555555620173.322.60%1,030127.69230769231. Stock Valuation - The new dividend yield if the company increased its dividend per share by 1.75Year Cash Div/Share ($) +1.75Dividend YieldStockholder's Equity (in millions)Stock PriceDividend Yield - annual cash dividend per share of common stock divided by the market price of a share of the common stock. (Dividend yield = Annual Dividend/Current Stock Price)
Note: Current Stock Price is not part of the Financial Statements - calculated using the formula for Dividend Yield20154.674.80%2,49197.333333333320164.874.21%429115.555555555620175.073.97%1,030127.69230769232. The dividend yield if the firm doubled it's outstanding sharesYear Cash Div/Share ($) Dividend YieldStockholder's Equity (in millions) -doubledStock PriceStockholder's Equity = Assets - Liabilities. This represents the ownership of a corporations. Owners are called stockholder because they hold stocks or share of the company. The main goal of every corporate manager is to generate shareholder value. .
INVESTING IN STOCKS AND BONDSWhy Consider BondsBond.docxmariuse18nolet
INVESTING IN
STOCKS AND BONDS
Why Consider Bonds?
Bonds reduce risk through diversification.
Bonds produce steady income.
Bonds can be a safe investment if held to maturity.
Your Rights as a Bondholder
Bondholders are creditors
Bond indenture
Protective covenants
Payment Characteristics of Bonds
Face value: The amount the issuer pays to redeem the bond
It is usually $1,000 for corporate bonds.
Coupon interest payments:
Most bonds have a fixed rate of return, which are the interest payments that are made every 6 months.
The amount of the payment is determined by multiplying the bond’s coupon rate by the face value of $1,000.
Example: An 8% bond pays $80 in interest per year (0.08 × $1,000) divided into two payments of $40 semiannually.
Retirement Methods
Redeemed at maturity
Call provision
Sinking fund provision
Convertible bonds can be converted into common stock.
Corporate Bonds
Corporate bonds - allow firms to borrow money, are a major source of funding.
Denominations in $1000.
Secured bond – backed by collateral.
Unsecured bond – a debenture.
Hierarchy of bonds – subordinated debentures are low on the list.
Government-Issued Bonds
U.S. Treasury Securities
U.S. Agency Bonds
Conventional
Mortgage-backed
Municipal Bonds
General obligation (GO) bonds
Revenue bonds
Special Types of U.S. Treasury Bonds
U.S. Treasury Strips
Inflation-Indexed Bonds
Intended to lessen price risk of bonds
The coupon rate is not changed.
The redemption value is adjusted periodically to reflect inflation. Example: If annual inflation is 3%, the redemption value is increased to $1,030.
Munis’ Income Tax Advantage
Example:
Muni Yield = 5.91% and Tax rate = 28% (0.28)
FTEY = 5.91/(1.00 – 0.28)
= 5.91/0.72 = 8.21%
Compare to yields on taxable bonds and choose the bond with the highest yield.
Special Situation Bonds
Zero Coupon Bonds
Junk bonds
Bond Ratings – A Measure
of Riskiness
Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s provide ratings on corporate and municipal bonds.
Ratings involve a judgment about a bond’s future risk potential.
Default risk – ability to repay principal.
Inability to meet interest obligations.
The lower the rating, the higher the rate of return demanded by investors.
Safest bonds receive AAA, D is extremely risky.
Expected Return from Bonds
Current yield (CY): annual interest divided by current price
Example:
Bond price (P) = $900
Annual coupon interest (I) = $120
The current yield calculation:
CY = I/P = $120/$900 = 0.1333 or 13.3%
The advantage of this calculation is that it is easy.
The disadvantage is that ignores maturity.
Yield to Maturity (YTM)
Yield to maturity is the return you would earn by buying a bond today and holding it until it is redeemed by the issuer.
Formula (approximation)
YTM = [ I + (1,000 – P)/N]/ [(P + 1,000)/2]
Example: I = 120, P = 900, N = 5
YTM = [120+(1,000 – 900)/5]/ [(900 + 1,000)/2]
= [120 + 20]/ [950]
= 140/950 = 0.1474 or 14.74%
YTM Example..contd.
.
time value of money
,
concept of time value of money
,
significance of time value of money
,
present value vs future value
,
solve for the present value
,
simple vs compound interest rate
,
nominal vs effective annual interest rates
,
future value of a lump sum
,
solve for the future value
,
present value of a lump sum
,
types of annuity
,
future value of an annuity
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(your resea.docxJinElias52
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(
your research does a very good job of explaining the topic and the changes in FASB. How did you plan to incorporate your reading from the Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan text?
Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., and Sullivan, D. (2015). International Business: Environments and Operations 15e. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 13:978-0-13-345723-0.
i want only answer this question
.
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentativepersuasive rese.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentative/persuasive research paper given one of the following option:
Argue for or against a business decision, organizational plan, business philosophy, policy decision, or concept related to the class. On Corporate Social Responsibility
.
More Related Content
Similar to Chapter 6Interest Rates and Bond ValuationSLO Synthesize
1 Time Value of MoneyMilestone One Time Value of Money (please fi.docxmonicafrancis71118
1 Time Value of MoneyMilestone One: Time Value of Money (please fill in YELLOW cells) Explanations:Interest Rate8% FCF (Free Cash Flows) is the net change in cash generated by the operations of a business during a reporting period, minus cash outlays for working capital, capital expenditures, and dividends during the same period. This is a strong indicator of the ability of an entity to remain in business.
Note: For Milestone One, please use the Free Cash Flows from the United Parcel Service 2017 Annual Report for the years 2015, 2016, and 2017 located on Page 2 of the Report.
FCF - YearsFCF - 2015FCF - 2016FCF - 2017Amounts*6,0826,0073,573Pv*(5,631.48)(5,150.03)(2,836.36)Total Pv*(13,617.88)*In millionsInterest Rate (given) - For purposes of this exercise, use 8% interest rate. Pv=FVN/(1+I)^NPV(I,N,0,FV)With 10% decrease in FCFInterest Rate8%FCF - YearsFCF - 2015FCF - 2016FCF - 2017Amounts*5,4745,4063,216Pv*(5,068.33)(4,635.03)(2,552.73)Total Pv*(12,256.09)*In millions
2 Stock and Bond ValuationMilestone Two: Stock Valuation and Bond Issuance (fill in the YELLOW cells) PART I: STOCK VALUATIONDividend from Financial Statements:Read the Explanations to the right of the calculation cells for specific information on the data.Explanations:Year Cash Div/share ($)Dividend YieldStockholder's Equity (in millions)Stock PriceNote:
1. The dividends declared and paid by UPS for 2015, 2016, and 2017 are found on the second page of the 2017 UPS Annual Report.
2. The dividend yield for 2015, 2016, and 2017 are found on the second page of the 2017 UPS Annual Report.
3. Stockholder's/Shareholder's equity for 2015, 2016, and 2017 are found on the second page of the UPS Annual Report. 20152.923.00%2,49197.333333333320163.122.70%429115.555555555620173.322.60%1,030127.69230769231. Stock Valuation - The new dividend yield if the company increased its dividend per share by 1.75Year Cash Div/Share ($) +1.75Dividend YieldStockholder's Equity (in millions)Stock PriceDividend Yield - annual cash dividend per share of common stock divided by the market price of a share of the common stock. (Dividend yield = Annual Dividend/Current Stock Price)
Note: Current Stock Price is not part of the Financial Statements - calculated using the formula for Dividend Yield20154.674.80%2,49197.333333333320164.874.21%429115.555555555620175.073.97%1,030127.69230769232. The dividend yield if the firm doubled it's outstanding sharesYear Cash Div/Share ($) Dividend YieldStockholder's Equity (in millions) -doubledStock PriceStockholder's Equity = Assets - Liabilities. This represents the ownership of a corporations. Owners are called stockholder because they hold stocks or share of the company. The main goal of every corporate manager is to generate shareholder value. .
INVESTING IN STOCKS AND BONDSWhy Consider BondsBond.docxmariuse18nolet
INVESTING IN
STOCKS AND BONDS
Why Consider Bonds?
Bonds reduce risk through diversification.
Bonds produce steady income.
Bonds can be a safe investment if held to maturity.
Your Rights as a Bondholder
Bondholders are creditors
Bond indenture
Protective covenants
Payment Characteristics of Bonds
Face value: The amount the issuer pays to redeem the bond
It is usually $1,000 for corporate bonds.
Coupon interest payments:
Most bonds have a fixed rate of return, which are the interest payments that are made every 6 months.
The amount of the payment is determined by multiplying the bond’s coupon rate by the face value of $1,000.
Example: An 8% bond pays $80 in interest per year (0.08 × $1,000) divided into two payments of $40 semiannually.
Retirement Methods
Redeemed at maturity
Call provision
Sinking fund provision
Convertible bonds can be converted into common stock.
Corporate Bonds
Corporate bonds - allow firms to borrow money, are a major source of funding.
Denominations in $1000.
Secured bond – backed by collateral.
Unsecured bond – a debenture.
Hierarchy of bonds – subordinated debentures are low on the list.
Government-Issued Bonds
U.S. Treasury Securities
U.S. Agency Bonds
Conventional
Mortgage-backed
Municipal Bonds
General obligation (GO) bonds
Revenue bonds
Special Types of U.S. Treasury Bonds
U.S. Treasury Strips
Inflation-Indexed Bonds
Intended to lessen price risk of bonds
The coupon rate is not changed.
The redemption value is adjusted periodically to reflect inflation. Example: If annual inflation is 3%, the redemption value is increased to $1,030.
Munis’ Income Tax Advantage
Example:
Muni Yield = 5.91% and Tax rate = 28% (0.28)
FTEY = 5.91/(1.00 – 0.28)
= 5.91/0.72 = 8.21%
Compare to yields on taxable bonds and choose the bond with the highest yield.
Special Situation Bonds
Zero Coupon Bonds
Junk bonds
Bond Ratings – A Measure
of Riskiness
Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s provide ratings on corporate and municipal bonds.
Ratings involve a judgment about a bond’s future risk potential.
Default risk – ability to repay principal.
Inability to meet interest obligations.
The lower the rating, the higher the rate of return demanded by investors.
Safest bonds receive AAA, D is extremely risky.
Expected Return from Bonds
Current yield (CY): annual interest divided by current price
Example:
Bond price (P) = $900
Annual coupon interest (I) = $120
The current yield calculation:
CY = I/P = $120/$900 = 0.1333 or 13.3%
The advantage of this calculation is that it is easy.
The disadvantage is that ignores maturity.
Yield to Maturity (YTM)
Yield to maturity is the return you would earn by buying a bond today and holding it until it is redeemed by the issuer.
Formula (approximation)
YTM = [ I + (1,000 – P)/N]/ [(P + 1,000)/2]
Example: I = 120, P = 900, N = 5
YTM = [120+(1,000 – 900)/5]/ [(900 + 1,000)/2]
= [120 + 20]/ [950]
= 140/950 = 0.1474 or 14.74%
YTM Example..contd.
.
time value of money
,
concept of time value of money
,
significance of time value of money
,
present value vs future value
,
solve for the present value
,
simple vs compound interest rate
,
nominal vs effective annual interest rates
,
future value of a lump sum
,
solve for the future value
,
present value of a lump sum
,
types of annuity
,
future value of an annuity
Similar to Chapter 6Interest Rates and Bond ValuationSLO Synthesize (20)
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(your resea.docxJinElias52
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(
your research does a very good job of explaining the topic and the changes in FASB. How did you plan to incorporate your reading from the Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan text?
Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., and Sullivan, D. (2015). International Business: Environments and Operations 15e. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 13:978-0-13-345723-0.
i want only answer this question
.
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentativepersuasive rese.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentative/persuasive research paper given one of the following option:
Argue for or against a business decision, organizational plan, business philosophy, policy decision, or concept related to the class. On Corporate Social Responsibility
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe Please respond to th.docxJinElias52
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Chapter 1 (pp. 6-8. 18-23, 29), myths in prehistory and early cultures
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the GlobePlease respond to .docxJinElias52
"Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisYou must review the contents of your n.docxJinElias52
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
You must review the contents of your news article and discuss what type of microorganism it is, if the organism is in nature or is used in industry or causes disease. If it causes disease you must discuss transmission, increasing incidence, factors contributing to the spread of the organism, lab culturing, etc.
300-400 words
.
My TopicI would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s.docxJinElias52
My Topic:
"I would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s fight with learning disability. I chose Helen Keller because she is one of the most important personality and the first person without hearing or sight to earn a BA. Her story is narrated in the movie “The Miracle Worker.”
For additional details, please refer to the Milestone Two Rubric document and the Final Project Document in the Assignment Guidelines and Rubrics section of the course.
.
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding .docxJinElias52
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding limitations to how long a person can be in Congress.
The Pros and Cons of the unlimited terms in congress
Do members of congress to support position people of the state they represent therefore should be able to change and if it will benefit.
How to Add limitations on the term served by congress
Follow the directions below for the completion of the Annotated Bibliography assignment for Unit II.
Purpose: The purpose of the annotated bibliography is to summarize the sources that you have gathered to support your research proposal project. These summaries help you to think about the complex arguments presented in your sources. Description: In this assignment, you will create an annotated bibliography consisting of seven sources. Each entry will consist of a reference list citation, a summary of the source’s information, and a one-sentence assessment. Each annotation should be between 150 to 200 words. If an entry is shorter than 150 words, it is likely you have not fully developed your summary, and this lack of development can severely impact your grade for this assignment.
.
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-wor.docxJinElias52
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-work, and we choose ( AT&T toggle)
I've done all the questions but i need more detail , deep answers .
1- write an introduction about ( anywhere, anytime information work) in details and conclusion about the company and application
2-write a brief explanation about the company it self ( AT&T)
3- plagiarism not accepted
4- use simple words
5- make it 12 or 11 pages
.
My topic for module-2 reaction paper was on news, data, and other me.docxJinElias52
My topic for module-2 reaction paper was on news, data, and other media means of delivering information to the public. When gathering all the information and reflecting on my personal experience when watching, reading or listening to the news outlets was very addicting. To see news clips from the wars past or deployments after the fact was real-time history for most of us (me), yet our families, friends and other members not physically at that location waiting to hear something can be very overwhelming. My question is the methods and absorbing of news
: Are citizens informed about terrorism and is it overwhelming?
.
My Topic for the paper I would like to do my case application on He.docxJinElias52
My Topic for the paper: I would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s fight with learning disability. I chose Helen Keller because she is one of the most important personality and the first person without hearing or sight to earn a BA. Her story is narrated in the movie “The Miracle Worker.”
.
n a 2 page paper, written in APA format using proper spellinggramma.docxJinElias52
n a 2 page paper, written in APA format using proper spelling/grammar, address the following:
Briefly explain Piaget's and Erikson's theories of development. Who had a better theory of human development: Erikson or Piaget? Please offer detail to explain your choice.
What tips would you give to someone who has just suffered a major loss, now that you know the stages of grief?
.
My research proposal is on fall prevention WRTG 394 s.docxJinElias52
My research proposal is on fall prevention
WRTG 394 students,
Your next writing assignment will be a
memo to your instructor for the final report.
Steps to Take in Completing this Assignment:
•
Identify the decision-maker or group of decision-makers to whom you will write your final report
• Describe the specific problem you are attempting to address.
• Prepare some primary research for your report.
• Write a memo to your instructor using the template provided below.
The Role of this Assignment for your Research Report:
This assignment is designed to help you put together the final paper in WRTG 394.
Remember, your final paper in WRTG 394 will be a report in which you do the following:
•
define a problem in your workplace or community persuasively and accurately
•
propose a solution or solutions to the problem or issue
Previous assignments in the class pointed out some sample topics for the report:
• a report to your manager at work suggesting that more teleworking options be given to employees at your workplace
• a report to your supervisor at work suggesting that email be used less frequently for communication and that another application be used to improve communication.
• a report to your manager at work suggesting that your office become paperless
• a report to the board of directors at your townhouse community to argue that the playground area in your community should be renovated
• a report to the manager of your unit at work noting that recycling facilities in the workplace should be improved
For writing assignment #2, you completed a background and synthesis of the literature on your topic.
For this writing assignment, you are going to identify the specific needs in your workplace or community that will be identified for your final report.
Examples of Primary Research for Specific Topics:
•
If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that more teleworking options be given to employees at your workplace, you cannot simply prepare a report on teleworking. You must show that teleworking will
solve a specific problem or problems in your organization
.
•
If you write a a report to your supervisor at work suggesting that email be used less frequently for communication and that another application be used to improve communication, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of social media in the workplace. You must
show that your specific office has problems in communicating by email and indicate the benefits of using alternative communication systems for your workplace environment
.
•
If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that your office become paperless, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of a paperless office. You must
show that your specific office can go paperless and indicate the benefits of your specific office going paperless
.
•
If you write a report to the board of directo.
My portion of the group assignment Must be done by Wednesday even.docxJinElias52
My portion of the group assignment:
Must be done by Wednesday evening
•
EFE Matrix; -
•
SWOT (TOWS) analysis; -
•
IFE Matrix; -
•
A list of alternative strategies, giving advantages and disadvantages for each; -
Walt Disney Company, p. 441, Case 8 (photos of pages upladed)
.
my project is about construcation houses for poor poeple in Denver .docxJinElias52
my project is about construcation houses for poor poeple in Denver
It is 30 pages
produce a 10 knowledge area project notebook enhancing one team members individual project. Assign different team members individual knowledge areas and refine the notebook to demonstrate synergy.
.
my name is abdullah aljedanii am from saudi arabia i graduate fr.docxJinElias52
my name is abdullah aljedani
i am from saudi arabia
i graduate from DHBAN high school 2013
i went to USA to ST
UDY ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND APLLLAY FOR UNIVERSITY
I WANT TO APLLY IN CIVIL ENIGINEERING
I NEED LETTER FOR THE UNIVERSITY EXPLAIN EHAT I DID AFTER HIGH SCHOOL
500 WORD
24 HOURS
.
My hypothesis Being disconnected from social media (texting, Facebo.docxJinElias52
My hypothesis: Being disconnected from social media (texting, Facebook, cell phone use, etc) causes stress in teenagers.
It is my belief partly based on observation (I teach HS students) that we have created a society where even the slightest communication is cause for a teenager’s engagement with his/her electronic device. Being constantly connected to others, or at least knowing that is an option appears to give them some peace of mind and perhaps helps them feel less alone. This worries me because I fear they will be unable to engage in experiences on their own without that constant connection to others. This behavior doesn’t allow for self-reflection, meditation, or other important moments designed to focus the attention inward. In other words, a fear of being alone. On the other hand, teenagers can reach out to others as never before, which is great in many cases.
I would choose the Experimental Research method for the following experiment, being careful to adhere to its two components: 1) that there is a random assignment of participants. I would stress that this should be a double-blind experiment so I do not influence its outcome; and 2) a manipulation of an independent variable.
My experiment: After taking a base level of stress indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, brain waves, perspiration levels, etc) I would randomly assign two separate groups of HS students to spend 2 days camping in the wilderness. I would set up several exciting events to take place such as river rafting, hunting, building a shelter for the night, etc. One group would have their cell phones with them (assuming there is a cell phone connection in this remote area), the second group would not. The first group could contact whomever they chose during the events and during a down time say, at night. The second group would not have cell phones to be able to do this. I would somehow monitor both group’s stress levels while out in the wilderness.
Summary: Because I would want to avoid the Correlation/Causation Fallacy, I would need to not know which students were which in this experiment. And I foresee some challenges that might not be avoidable and might skew this idea. There could be variables such as a student who is naturally highly stressed in the wilderness and his anxiety could spike giving my experiment the expected result but for the wrong reason. Not to mention the difficulty of setting up this experiment in the first place.
Personal note: Thinking about this idea has caused me to think in a more scientific way about the results of all experiments I learn about. The Correlation/Causation issue is one I fall victim to a lot. I like to think that I am an objective observer, but so far in this course, I am not so sure of that anymore. At the same time that I hate to have my thinking challenged in this way, I also feel excited that I am thinking on a deeper level than I ever have.
How would you select the groups at random? Would you use a number system? Perha.
My group is the Los Angeles Rams. We are looking to be sponsors with.docxJinElias52
My group is the Los Angeles Rams. We are looking to be sponsors with Dunkin' Donuts.Attached is an example of the Portland Timbers and a sponsorship with Chevrolet. On the bottom of the excel document you can see there are 4 different tabs. The tabs I need done are Research and Activity.
Thank you.
.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;My father .docxJinElias52
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won;
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
Examine the imagery in the stanza in bold. What is the significance of the two different images?
The speaker does not feel the joy everyone else is experiencing.
The speaker does not feel the misery everyone else is experiencing.
The speaker does not want anyone to know how unhappy he truly is.
The speaker does not want anyone to know how happy he truly is.
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My character is Phoenix Jackson from the story A Worn PathMLA Form.docxJinElias52
My character is Phoenix Jackson from the story A Worn Path
MLA Format. 1200 words
Must have
Identify the type of character it is dealing with (A single character could be two or thres types.
Describe the character
Discuss the conflict in the story particularly in regards to the character's place in it.
Due tomorrow by 3pm
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My assignment is to write an original essay of four to fivr parargra.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to write an original essay of four to fivr parargraphs describing a person I admire. My chocie is Lional Messi he is a famous soccer player. I need a hook in the introduction and three body paragraphs. First paragraphs about his childhoods secound paragraphs about join Barcalona fc third parargraph about change of the soccer history and a conclusion. I needed for secound English language person I don't want to too perfect.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
42. If the dividend grows at a steady rate g, then the price can be
written as:
This result is called the dividend growth model.
Nonconstant Growth
If the dividend grows steadily after t periods, then the price can
be written as:
where:
The required return, R, can be written as the sum of two things:
R = D1 / P0 + g
where D1/P0 is the dividend yield and g is the capital gains
yield (which is the same thing as the growth rate in dividends
for the steady growth case).
Valuation Using Comparables
For stocks that don’t pay dividends (or have erratic dividend
growth rates), we can value them using the PE ratio and/or the
price-sales ratio:
Pt = Benchmark PE ratio × EPSt