This document summarizes Neha Kumari's experience in a social internship program run by the Ladli Foundation and Delhi Directorate of Education. The program aimed to spread awareness about issues like malnutrition, tuberculosis, drug abuse, and HIV/AIDS. Over four months, Neha completed assignments on each topic by creating presentations, reports, articles, slogans, and conducting workshops. She discusses the skills and strengths gained from overcoming challenges like public speaking and not having a laptop. Overall, the program helped improve her communication, teamwork, and confidence.
This document summarizes Anjali's experience in a social internship program organized by Ladli Foundation. It discusses key aspects of the program including its introduction, importance of blogging to share experiences, important skills gained like communication, and overall impact on her life. The document also outlines challenges faced, workshops attended, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It expresses gratitude to various individuals and organizations involved in the program.
Neeru Sahu participated in a social internship program organized by Ladli Foundation for 11th grade students. The program aimed to develop leadership, time management, and address social issues. As part of the program, Neeru was assigned various tasks focused on topics like malnutrition, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and substance abuse. Initially, Neeru struggled with public speaking and lacked confidence during workshops. However, with practice and support from friends and family, Neeru was able to overcome these weaknesses. Overall, the program helped Neeru improve skills like communication, teamwork, and learning about important social issues.
Vinita Joshi completed a social internship program with Ladli Foundation focused on nutrition, malnutrition, and volunteering. Over the course of the internship, she learned skills like creating presentations, articles, and reports. She conducted workshops and learned to speak confidently in front of others. While the internship presented initial challenges like learning new technologies, she overcame difficulties with help from her coordinator. Overall, the program helped improve her skills and confidence.
This document provides details about an internship assignment, including the intern's name and student ID, their school and location, and the internship teacher coordinator. It also lists the organization the internship was submitted to, along with contact information for the internship program directorate and principal. Personal details of the intern's parents are also included.
This document summarizes Neha Kumari's experience in a social internship program run by the Ladli Foundation and Delhi Directorate of Education. The program aimed to spread awareness about issues like malnutrition, tuberculosis, drug abuse, and HIV/AIDS. Over four months, Neha completed assignments on each topic by creating presentations, reports, articles, slogans, and conducting workshops. She discusses the skills and strengths gained from overcoming challenges like public speaking and not having a laptop. Overall, the program helped improve her communication, teamwork, and confidence.
This document summarizes Anjali's experience in a social internship program organized by Ladli Foundation. It discusses key aspects of the program including its introduction, importance of blogging to share experiences, important skills gained like communication, and overall impact on her life. The document also outlines challenges faced, workshops attended, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It expresses gratitude to various individuals and organizations involved in the program.
Neeru Sahu participated in a social internship program organized by Ladli Foundation for 11th grade students. The program aimed to develop leadership, time management, and address social issues. As part of the program, Neeru was assigned various tasks focused on topics like malnutrition, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and substance abuse. Initially, Neeru struggled with public speaking and lacked confidence during workshops. However, with practice and support from friends and family, Neeru was able to overcome these weaknesses. Overall, the program helped Neeru improve skills like communication, teamwork, and learning about important social issues.
Vinita Joshi completed a social internship program with Ladli Foundation focused on nutrition, malnutrition, and volunteering. Over the course of the internship, she learned skills like creating presentations, articles, and reports. She conducted workshops and learned to speak confidently in front of others. While the internship presented initial challenges like learning new technologies, she overcame difficulties with help from her coordinator. Overall, the program helped improve her skills and confidence.
This document provides details about an internship assignment, including the intern's name and student ID, their school and location, and the internship teacher coordinator. It also lists the organization the internship was submitted to, along with contact information for the internship program directorate and principal. Personal details of the intern's parents are also included.
The document summarizes Naazmeen Shaikh's experience in a social internship program organized by the Directorate of Education in Delhi. The internship allowed Naazmeen to gain hands-on experience applying classroom knowledge to address social issues. It helped develop skills like leadership, communication, and public speaking. Initial challenges included difficulty making presentations, but with guidance from her coordinator Dr. Sushma Singh, Naazmeen was able to complete her assignments and overcome weaknesses. The internship provided valuable opportunities to help shape her career.
The document provides an introduction to Ladli Foundation, a non-profit organization working to provide healthcare, education, and life skills training to vulnerable women in India. It then discusses the student's social internship experience with Ladli Foundation, including key learnings around public speaking, health topics, and digital skills. The internship helped the student gain confidence, knowledge on issues like malnutrition and disease, and the ability to advise others. Challenges included technical issues that were addressed. The experience provided opportunities to teach workshops and boost speaking abilities. Personal strengths in English, drawing, and clear communication were discovered.
The document outlines an internship proposal submitted by Ayesha Parveen to Ladli Foundation's student internship program. It proposes completing assignments on topics like malnutrition, tuberculosis, drug abuse, and HIV/AIDS over a period from August 2023 to November 2023. It also includes completing a SWOT analysis of the social internship program. The internship would be conducted under the guidance of Dr. Sushma Singh, the internship coordinator at Ladli Foundation.
The document summarizes a social internship program organized by the government. It discusses how the program provides real-world experience and skills to interns, helping build their resumes and career opportunities. It highlights the key learnings and skills gained, such as communication, leadership, and problem solving. The program helped interns gain confidence and a better understanding of social issues. Challenges included time management and public speaking, which most were able to overcome with practice and support.
The document summarizes Deepa Thokdar's experience in the Social Internship Program organized by the Directorate of Education Delhi and Ladli Foundation. Some key points:
1) The internship program aims to provide students real-world experience beyond textbooks by engaging them with social challenges. Deepa was able to gain confidence and skills through workshops with Ladli Foundation.
2) Deepa overcame challenges like lack of phone access and family support to complete the program. She developed strengths like time management, leadership, and teamwork.
3) The internship was a valuable learning opportunity for Deepa and she thanks the organizations and mentors who supported her participation.
This internship allowed the student to gain experience creating presentations and materials on health topics like tuberculosis and drug abuse. They encountered challenges submitting an assignment at the last minute that took all night to resolve but were happy once it was submitted. The internship provided opportunities to educate others on diseases and learn new online research skills that will help with future work. Potential threats like misinformation and computer viruses were discussed, emphasizing the importance of vetting sources and apps for security.
The document summarizes an internship program for high school students run by Ladli Foundation. It discusses the goals of providing opportunities for social work experience and community service. It then provides details from the intern's experience, including conducting a workshop on malnutrition, learning about challenges like time management and public speaking, and gaining confidence and skills from the program with the support of coordinators and family. The internship helped develop the student's communication, leadership, and problem-solving abilities.
The document discusses Shivangi Shukla's experience in the Social Internship Programme run by the Directorate of Education Delhi, where she learned skills like making presentations, writing articles, and conducting workshops on topics like malnutrition, tuberculosis, substance abuse, and HIV/AIDS to raise awareness in the community. Through the programme, Shivangi gained confidence in public speaking and learned to use technologies like PowerPoint and Google forms while also facing challenges with time management and overcoming nervousness in workshops.
The social internship program launched by Ladli Foundation in August 2023 provides 11th grade students a 6-month opportunity to explore social issues and find sustainable solutions. Students are assigned monthly topics to create presentations, articles, workshops and reports to learn practical skills. The document outlines one student's experience over 4 monthly assignments on malnutrition, tuberculosis, drugs and HIV/AIDS. They discuss the skills and certificates gained, as well as challenges overcome with teacher support. A SWOT analysis reflects on strengths like knowledge gained, and weaknesses like public speaking that the program helped address.
This document summarizes a student's experience in a social internship program organized by the Ladli Foundation. The 6-month program aimed to provide practical learning experiences and skill development for students. Through tasks addressing issues like malnutrition, tuberculosis, and substance abuse, the intern gained skills in leadership, communication, and confidence. While challenges included a lack of motivation and public speaking skills, the internship overall helped enhance time management, provided opportunities for skill development, and could help future career prospects. The intern expressed gratitude to those involved in organizing the valuable program.
Mr. Devendra Kumar completed a 6-month social internship with Ladli Foundation, a nonprofit focused on healthcare, education, and life skills. During the internship, he conducted workshops on topics like malnutrition, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. He gained experience in public speaking, workshop preparation, report writing, and time management. While there were challenges with certain tasks, he overcame issues with help from coordinators and family members. The internship helped him develop skills in teamwork, community outreach, and self-discipline.
This document discusses digital empowerment of citizens in India. It provides an overview of universal digital literacy and access to digital resources. The key facts section outlines the advantages of digital empowerment such as improved governance and services, economic benefits, and job creation. The elements of digital empowerment include digital access, commerce, communication, literacy, etiquette, law, health and wellness, and rights and responsibilities. Stages of digital transformation range from maintaining current operations to becoming innovative and adaptive. Challenges to digital empowerment are lack of digital literacy, privacy and security concerns, and the high cost of implementation projects.
Access to clean water, basic sanitation facilities, and handwashing is critical for children's health and development. However, billions of people worldwide, including many school-aged children, lack these basic WASH services. UNICEF works in over 100 countries to increase access to drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene education in communities, schools, and healthcare settings. Improving WASH can reduce disease transmission and promote public health.
Gender equality refers to equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities regardless of gender. It contributes to peace and security by promoting international cooperation in various fields. In India, it promotes international collaboration among scientists and researchers through partnerships, joint research projects, and participation in scientific forums to enable Indian scientists. The five principles of gender mainstreaming are using gender-sensitive language, collecting gender-specific data, ensuring equal access and utilization of services, involving women and men equally in decision making, and integrating equal treatment into steering processes.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
HIV has three stages: acute HIV, clinical latency, and AIDS. Acute HIV causes flu-like symptoms that usually disappear within a month. Clinical latency involves no symptoms despite the virus actively replicating. AIDS is the final stage where the immune system is severely weakened, allowing opportunistic infections to threaten life. While HIV can be present without symptoms, potential early symptoms include fever, chills, fatigue, sore throat, and muscle aches.
This document is a report submitted by an intern, Mahi, about HIV/AIDS. It defines HIV and AIDS, explaining that HIV attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS if untreated. It discusses how HIV is transmitted and how people can protect themselves by getting tested, practicing safe sex, not sharing needles, and getting treated for STDs. It outlines NACO initiatives for HIV prevention in India like free testing and counseling. It provides global statistics on HIV prevalence and treatment. It also explains that Red Ribbon Clubs in schools and colleges aim to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS by wearing red ribbons.
The document summarizes Naazmeen Shaikh's experience in a social internship program organized by the Directorate of Education in Delhi. The internship allowed Naazmeen to gain hands-on experience applying classroom knowledge to address social issues. It helped develop skills like leadership, communication, and public speaking. Initial challenges included difficulty making presentations, but with guidance from her coordinator Dr. Sushma Singh, Naazmeen was able to complete her assignments and overcome weaknesses. The internship provided valuable opportunities to help shape her career.
The document provides an introduction to Ladli Foundation, a non-profit organization working to provide healthcare, education, and life skills training to vulnerable women in India. It then discusses the student's social internship experience with Ladli Foundation, including key learnings around public speaking, health topics, and digital skills. The internship helped the student gain confidence, knowledge on issues like malnutrition and disease, and the ability to advise others. Challenges included technical issues that were addressed. The experience provided opportunities to teach workshops and boost speaking abilities. Personal strengths in English, drawing, and clear communication were discovered.
The document outlines an internship proposal submitted by Ayesha Parveen to Ladli Foundation's student internship program. It proposes completing assignments on topics like malnutrition, tuberculosis, drug abuse, and HIV/AIDS over a period from August 2023 to November 2023. It also includes completing a SWOT analysis of the social internship program. The internship would be conducted under the guidance of Dr. Sushma Singh, the internship coordinator at Ladli Foundation.
The document summarizes a social internship program organized by the government. It discusses how the program provides real-world experience and skills to interns, helping build their resumes and career opportunities. It highlights the key learnings and skills gained, such as communication, leadership, and problem solving. The program helped interns gain confidence and a better understanding of social issues. Challenges included time management and public speaking, which most were able to overcome with practice and support.
The document summarizes Deepa Thokdar's experience in the Social Internship Program organized by the Directorate of Education Delhi and Ladli Foundation. Some key points:
1) The internship program aims to provide students real-world experience beyond textbooks by engaging them with social challenges. Deepa was able to gain confidence and skills through workshops with Ladli Foundation.
2) Deepa overcame challenges like lack of phone access and family support to complete the program. She developed strengths like time management, leadership, and teamwork.
3) The internship was a valuable learning opportunity for Deepa and she thanks the organizations and mentors who supported her participation.
This internship allowed the student to gain experience creating presentations and materials on health topics like tuberculosis and drug abuse. They encountered challenges submitting an assignment at the last minute that took all night to resolve but were happy once it was submitted. The internship provided opportunities to educate others on diseases and learn new online research skills that will help with future work. Potential threats like misinformation and computer viruses were discussed, emphasizing the importance of vetting sources and apps for security.
The document summarizes an internship program for high school students run by Ladli Foundation. It discusses the goals of providing opportunities for social work experience and community service. It then provides details from the intern's experience, including conducting a workshop on malnutrition, learning about challenges like time management and public speaking, and gaining confidence and skills from the program with the support of coordinators and family. The internship helped develop the student's communication, leadership, and problem-solving abilities.
The document discusses Shivangi Shukla's experience in the Social Internship Programme run by the Directorate of Education Delhi, where she learned skills like making presentations, writing articles, and conducting workshops on topics like malnutrition, tuberculosis, substance abuse, and HIV/AIDS to raise awareness in the community. Through the programme, Shivangi gained confidence in public speaking and learned to use technologies like PowerPoint and Google forms while also facing challenges with time management and overcoming nervousness in workshops.
The social internship program launched by Ladli Foundation in August 2023 provides 11th grade students a 6-month opportunity to explore social issues and find sustainable solutions. Students are assigned monthly topics to create presentations, articles, workshops and reports to learn practical skills. The document outlines one student's experience over 4 monthly assignments on malnutrition, tuberculosis, drugs and HIV/AIDS. They discuss the skills and certificates gained, as well as challenges overcome with teacher support. A SWOT analysis reflects on strengths like knowledge gained, and weaknesses like public speaking that the program helped address.
This document summarizes a student's experience in a social internship program organized by the Ladli Foundation. The 6-month program aimed to provide practical learning experiences and skill development for students. Through tasks addressing issues like malnutrition, tuberculosis, and substance abuse, the intern gained skills in leadership, communication, and confidence. While challenges included a lack of motivation and public speaking skills, the internship overall helped enhance time management, provided opportunities for skill development, and could help future career prospects. The intern expressed gratitude to those involved in organizing the valuable program.
Mr. Devendra Kumar completed a 6-month social internship with Ladli Foundation, a nonprofit focused on healthcare, education, and life skills. During the internship, he conducted workshops on topics like malnutrition, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. He gained experience in public speaking, workshop preparation, report writing, and time management. While there were challenges with certain tasks, he overcame issues with help from coordinators and family members. The internship helped him develop skills in teamwork, community outreach, and self-discipline.
This document discusses digital empowerment of citizens in India. It provides an overview of universal digital literacy and access to digital resources. The key facts section outlines the advantages of digital empowerment such as improved governance and services, economic benefits, and job creation. The elements of digital empowerment include digital access, commerce, communication, literacy, etiquette, law, health and wellness, and rights and responsibilities. Stages of digital transformation range from maintaining current operations to becoming innovative and adaptive. Challenges to digital empowerment are lack of digital literacy, privacy and security concerns, and the high cost of implementation projects.
Access to clean water, basic sanitation facilities, and handwashing is critical for children's health and development. However, billions of people worldwide, including many school-aged children, lack these basic WASH services. UNICEF works in over 100 countries to increase access to drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene education in communities, schools, and healthcare settings. Improving WASH can reduce disease transmission and promote public health.
Gender equality refers to equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities regardless of gender. It contributes to peace and security by promoting international cooperation in various fields. In India, it promotes international collaboration among scientists and researchers through partnerships, joint research projects, and participation in scientific forums to enable Indian scientists. The five principles of gender mainstreaming are using gender-sensitive language, collecting gender-specific data, ensuring equal access and utilization of services, involving women and men equally in decision making, and integrating equal treatment into steering processes.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
HIV has three stages: acute HIV, clinical latency, and AIDS. Acute HIV causes flu-like symptoms that usually disappear within a month. Clinical latency involves no symptoms despite the virus actively replicating. AIDS is the final stage where the immune system is severely weakened, allowing opportunistic infections to threaten life. While HIV can be present without symptoms, potential early symptoms include fever, chills, fatigue, sore throat, and muscle aches.
This document is a report submitted by an intern, Mahi, about HIV/AIDS. It defines HIV and AIDS, explaining that HIV attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS if untreated. It discusses how HIV is transmitted and how people can protect themselves by getting tested, practicing safe sex, not sharing needles, and getting treated for STDs. It outlines NACO initiatives for HIV prevention in India like free testing and counseling. It provides global statistics on HIV prevalence and treatment. It also explains that Red Ribbon Clubs in schools and colleges aim to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS by wearing red ribbons.
1. 1
अध्याय -2
दो ध्रुवीयता का अंत
by
Dr. Sushma Singh (Core Academic Unit DoE GNCT of Delhi)
पाठ के अंत में हम जान पाएगे:
शीतयुद्ध की प्रतीक 1961 में बनी बर्लिन की दीवार को 9 नवम्बर 1989 को जनता के द्वारा
तोड़ ददया गया ।
25 ददसम्बर 1991 को सोववयत संघ का ववघटन हो गया ।
1. सोववयत संघ का जन्म, व्यवस्था (प्रणााली)
2. सोववयत प्रणााली की ववशेषताएँ
3. दूसरी दुननया
4. र्मखाइल गोबािचेव
5. सोववयत संघ समाप्तत की घोषणाा
6. सोववयत संघ के ववघटन के कारणा
7. सोववयत संघ के ववघटन के पररणााम
8. शाक थेरेपी
9. शाक थेरेपी की ववशेषताएँ
10. शाक थेरेपी के पररणााम
11. संघषि व तनाव के क्षेत्र
12. बाल्कन क्षेत्र
13. बाप्ल्टक क्षेत्र
14. मध्य एर्शया
15. पूवी साम्यवादी देश और भारत
2. 2
1. सोववयत संघ का जन्म, व्यवस्था (प्रणाली)
1917 की रूसी बोलशेववक क्ांनत के बाद समाजवादी सोववयत संघ गणाराज्य (USSR) अप्स्तत्व
में आया ।
सोववयत संघ में समतावादी समाज के ननमािणा के र्लए कें द्रीकृ त योजना, राज्य के ननयंत्रणा पर
आधाररत और साम्यवादी दल द्वारा ननदेर्शत व्यवस्था सोववयत प्रणााली कहलाई ।
2. सोववयत प्रणाली की ववशेषताएँ
1. सोववयत प्रणााली पूंजीवाद व्यवस्था का ववरोध तथा समाजवाद के आदशों से प्रेररत थी ।
2. सोववयत प्रणााली में ननयोप्जत अथिव्यवस्था थी ।
3. कम्यूननस्ट पाटी का दबदबा था ।
4. न्यूनतम जीवन स्तर की सुववधा ।
5. बेरोजगारी न होना ।
6. उन्नत संचार प्रणााली ।
7. र्मप्ल्कयत का प्रमुख रूप राज्य का ननयंत्रणा ।
8. उत्पादन के साधनों पर राज्य का ननयंत्रणा था ।
3. दूसरी दुननया
पूवी यूरोप के देशों को समाजवादी प्रणााली की तजि पर ढाला गया था, इन्हें ही समाजवादी खेमे
के देश या दूसरी दुननया कहा गया ।
4. ममखाइल गोर्ााचेव
1980 के दशक में र्मखाइल गोबािचेव ने राजनीनतक सुधारों तथा लोकतान्त्रीकरणा को अपनाया
उन्होने पुनिरचना (पेरेस्त्रोइका) व खुलापन (ग्लास्नोस्त ) के नाम से आर्थिक सुधार लागू ककए ।
सोववयत संघ समाप्तत की घोषणाा
1991 में बोररस येल्तर्सन के नेतृत्व में यूरोप के देशों ने तथा रूस, यूक्े न व बेलारूस ने सोववयत
संघ की समाप्तत की घोषणाा की ।
CIS (स्वतंत्र राज्यों का राष्ट्रकु ल) बना 15 नए देशों का उदय हुआ ।
5. सोववयत संघ के ववघटन के कारण
1. नागररकों की राजनीनतक और आर्थिक आकांक्षाओं को पूरा न कर पाना ।
2. सोववयत प्रणााली पर नौकरशाही का र्शकं जा ।
3. कम्युननस्ट पाटी का अंकु श ।
4. संसाधनों का अर्धकतम उपयोग परमाणाु हर्थयारों पर ।
3. 3
5. प्रौद्योर्गकी और बुननयादी ढांचे में पप्चचम के मुक़ाबले पीछे रहना ।
6. रूस की प्रमुखता ।
7. गोवािचेव द्वारा ककए गए सुधारों का ववरोध होना ।
8. अथिव्यवथा गनतरुद्ध व उपभोक्ता वस्तुओं की कमी ।
9. राष्ट्रवादी भावनाओं और संप्रभुता की इच्छा का उभार ।
10. सोववयत प्रणााली का सत्तावादी होना ।
11. पाटी का जनता के प्रनत जवाबदेह ना होना ।
6. सोववयत संघ के ववघटन के पररणाम
1. शीत युद्ध का संघषि समातत हो गया ।
2. एक ध्रुवीय ववचव अथाित अमरीका वचिस्व का उदय ।
3. हर्थयारों की होड की समाप्तत ।
4. सोववयत खेमे का अंत और 15 नए देशों का उदय ।
5. रूस सोववयत संघ का उत्तरार्धकारी बना ।
6. ववचव राजनीनत में शप्क्त संबंध पररवतिन हो गए ।
7. समाजवादी ववचारधारा पर प्रचनर्चन्ह या पूंजीवादी उदारवादी व्यवस्था का वचिस्व ।
8. शाक थेरेपी
शाप्ददक अथि हैं आघात पहुंचाकर उपचार करना । साम्यवाद के पतन के बाद सोववयत संघ के
गणाराज्यों को ववचव बैंक और अंतराष्ट्रीय मुद्राकोष द्वारा ननदेर्शत साम्यवाद से पूंजीवाद की ओर
संक्मणा (पररवतिन) के माडल को अपनाने को कहा गया । इसे ही शाक थेरेपी कहते हैं ।
9. शाक थेरेपी की ववशेषताएँ
1. र्मप्ल्कयत का प्रमुख रूप ननजी स्वार्मत्व ।
2. राज्य की संपदा का ननजीकरणा ।
3. सामूदहक फामि की जगह ननजी फामि ।
4. मुक्त व्यापार व्यवस्था को अपनाना ।
5. मुद्राओं की आपसी पररवतिनीयता ।
6. पप्चचमी देशों की आर्थिक व्यवस्था से जुड़ाव ।
पूंजीवाद के अनतररक्त ककसी भी वैकप्ल्पत व्यवस्था को स्वीकार नही ककया गया ।
10. शाक थेरेपी के पररणाम
1. पूणाितया असफल, रूस का औद्योर्गक ढांचा चरमरा गया ।
4. 4
2. रूसी मुद्रा रूबल में र्गरावट ।
3. समाज कल्याणा की पुरानी व्यवस्था नष्ट्ट ।
4. 90 प्रनतशत उद्योगों को ननजी हाथों या कं पननयों को कम दामों (औने – पौने) दामों में
बेचा गया प्जसे इनतहास की सबसे बड़ी गराज सेल कहा जाता हैं ।
5. आर्थिक ववषमता बढ़ी ।
6. खाद्यान्न संकट हो गया ।
7. माकफया वगि का उदय ।
8. कमजोर संसद व राष्ट्रपनत को आर्थिक शप्क्तयां प्जससे सत्तावदी राष्ट्रपनत शासन ।
11. संघषा व तनाव के क्षेत्र
पूवि सोववयत संघ के अर्धकांश गणाराज्य संघषि की आकांशा वाले क्षेत्र हैं । इन देशों में
बाहरी ताकतों की दखलन्दाजी भी बढ़ी हैं । रूस के दो गणाराज्यों
चेचन्या और दार्गस्तान में दहंसक अलगाववादी आंदोलन चले । चे कोस्लोवाककया दो भागों
मे - चेक तथा स्लोवाककया में बंट गया ।
12. र्ाल्कन क्षेत्र
बालक्न गणाराज्य युगोस्लाववया गृहयुद्ध के कारणा कई प्रान्तों में बंट गया । प्जसमे शार्मल
बोप्स्नया- हजेगोववना, स्लोवेननया तथा क्ोएर्शया ने अपने स्वतंत्र घोवषत कर ददया ।
13. र्ाल्ल्टक क्षेत्र
बाप्ल्टक क्षेत्र र्लथुआननया ने माचि ने 1990 में अपने आप को स्वतंत्र घोवषत ककया ।
एस्टोननया, लताववया और र्लथुआननया 1991 में संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ के सदस्य बने । 2004
में नाटो नें शार्मल हुए ।
14. मध्य एमशया
के तजाककस्तान में 10 वषों तक यानी 2001 तक ग्रहयुद्ध चला । अजरबैजान, आमेननया,
यूक्े न, ककरर्गझस्तान, जाप्जिया में भी गृहयुद्ध की प्स्थनत हैं ।
मध्य एर्शयाई गणाराज्यों में पेरोल के ववशाल भंडार हैं । इसी कारणा से यह क्षेत्र बाहरी
ताकतों और तेल कं पननयों की प्रनतस्पधाि का आखाडा भी बन
गया ।
15.पूवी साम्यवादी देश और भारत
1. पूवि साम्यवादी देशों के साथ भारत के संबंध अच्छे हैं, रूस के साथ ववशेष रूप से
प्रगाढ़ हैं ।
5. 5
2. दोनों का सपना बहू ध्रुवीय ववचव का हैं ।
3. दोनों देश सहअप्स्तत्व, समूदहक सुरक्षा, क्षेत्रीय संप्रभुता, स्वतंत्र ववदेश नीनत,
अंतराष्ट्रीय झगड़ों का वाताि द्वारा हल, संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ के सुदृढीकरणा तथा लोकतन्त्र
में ववचवास रखते हैं ।
4. 2001 में भारत और रूस द्वारा 80 द्ववपक्षीय समझोतों पर
हस्ताक्षर ।
5. भारत रूसी हर्थयारों का खरीददार ।
6. रूस से तेल आयात ।
7. प्रमाप्ववक योजना तथा अंतररक्ष योजना में रूसी मदद ।
8. कजाककस्तान और तुकमेननस्तान के साथ ऊजाि आयात बढाने की
कोर्शश ।
9. गोवा में ददसंबर 2016 में हुए ब्रिक्स (BRICS) सम्मेलन के दौरान रूस -भारत के
बीच हुए 17 वें वावषिक सम्मेलन में भारत के प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी एवं रूस के
राष्ट्रपनत व्लादमीर पुतीन के बीच रक्षा, परमाणाु ऊजाि, अन्तररक्ष अर्भयान समेत
आर्थिक सम्बन्धो को बढ़ावा देने एवं उनके लक्ष्यों की प्राप्तत पर बल ददया गया ।
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