This document discusses several concepts related to ethics including: - Ethics is about determining what is good or bad behavior. It addresses pursuing good things like honesty and avoiding bad things like theft or murder. - There is a difference between descriptive claims, which objectively state what something is, and normative claims, which make evaluative judgments about what should or should not be done. - Moral dilemmas arise when a person must choose between two bad options, like whether to report getting too much change from a store.

1. ETHICS
L y c e u m - N o r t h w e s t e r n U n i v e r s i t y

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“KUNG WALA KANG
PANTAWAG, _______ MO.”

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Ethics
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-is about matters such as the good thing that we
should pursue and the bad thing that we should
avoid.
GOOD
Respect
Honesty
Loyalty
BAD
Theft
Lie
Murder

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AESTHETICS
-The word Aesthetics is derived from the Greek word
“Aisthesis” (sense or feeling).
-highly subjective
-Judgments of personal approval and disapproval that we
make are based on what we see, hear or taste.
Example:
Ed gar th in ks th at a son g h e h ad ju st h eard on th e rad io was a “b ad ” on e
b ecau se it h ad an u n p leasant ton e.

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ETIQUETTE
Customary code of polite behavior in society or among
members of a particular profession or group.
Example:
Rosa th in ks th at it is “ rig ht ” to kn oc k p olitely on someon e’s d oor.

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MORALS
-is an idea or opinion
that's driven by a desire
to be good.

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Descriptive Claim vs. Normative Claim
Descriptive claim - simply expresses what and how something is
or might be.
Example: Knocking on the door is a virtue.
Normative claim - with evaluation. It includes words like: good
or bad, better than, should or shouldn’t, right or wrong.
Example: Knocking on the door should be a virtue.

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Issue, Judgement and Dilemma
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Moral issues -are often the source of considerable
and inconclusive debates.
E xampl Freedom of speech
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Moral dilemma- is a conflict in which a person
must choose between two or more actions. No
matter which choice you make, someone will suffer
or something bad will happen.
E xamp le : W h en makin g a p u rc h ase at a local store, you are g iven too
much change. Do you say something or keep quiet?

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Issue, Judgement and Dilemma
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Moral judgment- act of making
an assessment on the actions or
behavior of someone.

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REASONING
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Principles
-rationally established grounds by which one
justifies and maintains her moral decisions
and judgments.
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Moral theory
-An attempt to prove the validity of keeping
moral ideals in a methodical manner.

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3
Framework
- theory of interconnected ideas and a
structure through which we can
evaluate our reasons for valuing
certain decision or judgment.