Government policies

1. 1
Chapter-1
Impact of Government Policies on Haryana Farmers: An
Evaluation
1.1INTRODUCTION
A major contributor to the nation's growth is agriculture. It makes a significant contribution to
the Indian economy's national GDP and creates a great deal of job opportunities. Over the
past few decades, India's agricultural sector has advanced significantly. The agricultural
industry in India has experienced a significant shift in technology with the introduction of
High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) in 1966–1967. Utilizing these fertilizer-responsive seeds has
increased agricultural production per unit area significantly in a number of crops, providing
the nation with much-needed food grain self-sufficiency. The introduction of agricultural
technology, irrigation, and rising modern input usage have all accelerated the process of
loosening the grip of traditional agriculture. This has led to a movement that is commonly
referred to as the "Green Revolution" (Sharma, 1999). Through monoculture systems,
superior crop varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation that rotates from a food
grain-deficit country to a spare condition, the Green Revolution encouraged the use of new
technology for increasing crop yields. The new agricultural development plan's success has
given the Indian agriculture sector renewed hope.
Worldwide competitiveness of Indian agriculture has to be more affordable and of higher
quality. As a result of the deteriorating circumstances, Haryana's agricultural producers owed
Rs. 5700.19 crore in 1997. Even with the record harvest, 85% of farmers still live in poverty.
Farmers in Haryana are struggling under a mountain of debt. The state's moneylenders
demand outrageous interest rates ranging from 18% to 30%, which makes it nearly hard for
borrowers to repay the money and avoid taking on further debt. Farmers' land holdings lower
production. According to a saying, "If you do cultivate your land as your forefathers, you will
not get high output though you are hardworking but if you cultivate your land with new
techniques you will get high output whether you are less hardworking." Technology therefore
contributes to increased productivity.
Both the global economy and the economic growth of India are significantly influenced by
agriculture. With over 50% of the people employed either directly or indirectly, this industry
is also known as the foundation of the Indian economy.

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One of the main sources of raw materials used by the non-agricultural industry is agriculture.
India was heavily reliant on food imports during its early periods of independence. The Green
Revolution project, which aimed to achieve food grain self-sufficiency, was established in the
1960s.
Low productivity is a result of small agricultural holdings' inability to effectively adopt
modern technology and processes. Low productivity is also a result of ignorance regarding
new production techniques, hybrid seeds, and the availability of effective agricultural inputs.
It's clear that Haryana is not an exception to the debt trap that befalls Indian farmers. Banks
should provide these farmers with soft loans with reasonable terms and conditions so they
may continue their agricultural pursuits and be freed from debt. These farmers will be able to
employ better crops, fertilizers, and production techniques if loans at reasonable rates become
accessible to them. These will increase agricultural income because they will increase
agricultural production.
According to the report, co-ops continue to be a significant source of loan funding. It's
important to take action to increase their effectiveness. It would also be preferable for
mortgage banks and gramin banks to lend money to farmers on favorable terms.
The agricultural sector faces several challenges. Nowadays, the majority of farmers suffer
really terrible lives. Due to their high production costs and low yield, farmers have become
indebted. Suicides among farmers have been common. A shift in agriculture's performance
multiplies across the economy. Neglecting agriculture will hurt the economy as a whole.
Therefore, steps must be taken to enhance the agriculture sector's performance. Prime
Minister Narender Modi had suggested the idea of tripling farmers' income. The prime
minister stated that doubling farmer income by 2022 is his goal. There was a lot of interest in
this idea. Every expert considers the potential causes of the rise in farmers' income. There are
differing opinions about how to advance the agricultural industry. Farmers' yearly output
performance determines how much money they make.
The market and the monsoon are the two main variables that affect farmers, according to M.
S. Swaminathan. The weather and atmosphere of India are quite unpredictable. As a result,
market fluctuations are caused by monsoon instability. M. S. Swaminathan highlighted the
use of modern technologies in agriculture to boost productivity development. Quotes from
him that highlight the importance of youth and technology in agriculture are: "If agriculture
fails, nothing else succeeds." and "If agriculture is technologically advanced, more young

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people will pursue careers in it." The productivity of agriculture has significantly increased
thanks in part to farm mechanization. With this perspective in mind, the current study aims to
evaluate how mechanization affects agricultural growth in the predominantly agricultural
state of Haryana. On November 1, 1966, Haryana became a sovereign state. The "Trans-
Gangetic Plains Region," also known as Agro Climatic Zone-VI, is where Haryana is
situated. The state's primary topographical features include the Shivalik Hills, Aravali Hills,
Ghaggar Yamuna Plain, and Semi-desert sandy plain. The majority of Haryana's territory is
level, with loamy soil that is ideal for farming. 4.42 million hectares, or 1.4% of the nation's
total land area, make up the state's whole geographic area. The cultivable area is 3.8 million
hectares, or 86% of the state's total land area.
In terms of grain production, Haryana is self-sufficient and also provides for the requirements
of the other states in the union. Roughly 80% of the state's population is employed in
agriculture, either directly or indirectly. The yield of crops in Haryana is separated into kharif
and rabi. The state's principal kharif crops include maize, groundnuts, sugarcane, and rice.
Wheat, barley, oil seeds, and gram are the state's principal Rabi crops. The farmers of
Haryana greatly benefit from the Bhakra canal system and the western Yamuna canal.
In the state of Haryana, the gross area seeded was 45.99 lakh hectares in 1966–1967; in
2011–12, it climbed to 65.05 lakh hectares. In 2015–16, the area planted to wheat and paddy
contributed 60.73 percent of the total gross area. In 2015–16, the area planted to wheat was
25.76 lakh hectares, while the area planted to paddy was projected to be 13.54 lakh hectares.
Comparing food-grain output in 1966–1967 with 2011–12, the state had an increase in food
production of more than seven times. The output of food grains in the State reached a
remarkable 183.70 lakh tons in 2011–12, which greatly benefited Haryana's farmers. Crops
like wheat and paddy have been essential in increasing agricultural output. In the fiscal year
2015–16, 41.45 lakh tonnes of rice and 113.52 lakh tonnes of wheat were produced. Benefits
to the growers of Haryana have been substantial as the State's production reached a fantastic
level of 183.70 lakh tons during 2011–12. Growing crops like rice and wheat has been crucial
to raising agricultural productivity. 41.45 lakh tonnes of rice and 113.52 lakh tonnes of wheat
were produced in the 2015–16 fiscal year. Benefits to Haryana's producers have been
tremendous, as the state's 2011–12 production reached an amazing 183.70 lakh tons.
The administration of Haryana declared on Friday that the state's agricultural growth "is three
times that of Punjab." Regarding agriculture-related policies, the state administration said that

4. 4
it was "much ahead of Punjab" by citing comparison numbers of crop purchase conducted on
MSP.
As per state Government spokesperson, ““Farmers of Haryana and Punjab have always been
instrumental in making the country ‘Atmanirbhar’ with regard to food grains, but in the last
few years due to the agricultural policies adopted by Haryana government along with the hard
work of its farmers, the state despite having a small geographical spread, has moved ahead of
its ‘elder brother’ Punjab.” When it comes to paying farmers a fair price for their
commodities and obtaining them at the MSP, Haryana is well ahead of its "elder brother,"
Punjab. Only three crops—wheat, paddy, and sunflower—are purchased in Punjab at the
Minimum Support Price, compared to eleven—including wheat, barley, gram, sunflower,
mustard, paddy, moong, maize, millet, cotton, and groundnut—in Haryana. Farmers around
the nation are debating the "Bhavantar Bharpayee Yojana," which was launched in Haryana
to set aside the price of 21 different kinds of fruits and vegetables. Punjab does not have a
program similar to the Bhavantar Bharpayee Yojana. Only 37 mandis in Punjab have been
connected to the e-NAM site, but the Haryana government has connected 81 mandis for
farmers who wish to sell their commodities at the interstate level due to high demand and
favorable rates. By raising awareness among farmers, 76 water and soil testing laboratories
have been established in Haryana in the previous few years, compared to just 61 purportedly
established in Punjab. To assist farmers with crop sowing, the Haryana government is setting
up soil and water testing labs and creating "Soil Health Cards" for farmers. This would allow
farmers to plant crops based on the land's fertility and provide high-quality product. Punjab
does not have a similar program, making Haryana presumably the only state in the nation
where farmers who attend mandis and arhtiyas employed there are given insurance worth Rs
10 lakh.
The state government of Haryana launched the "Pashudhan Credit Card Scheme," which is
similar to the "Kisan Credit Card," to boost the extra income that farmers in the state receive
in addition to their agricultural earnings. As of right now, about 58,000 cards have been
issued in the state; Punjab has not yet launched this program. The Haryana government
launched the drip irrigation project and is offering a record 85% subsidy to farmers in order
to assure higher yields while using less water. In Punjab, however, just an 80% grant is
planned. Government data indicates that almost 17 lakh farmers received crop insurance
worth roughly Rs 4,000 crore. In addition, nearly 34 lakh farmers received Rs 7,000 crore as

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compensation for other losses, but Punjab's farmers have not received any assistance from the
government in the form of a crop-insurance program.
1.2 Haryana's Farm Mechanization Progress
Since its founding, Haryana's output of food grains has increased noticeably. One plausible
cause for increased production might be the application of novel agricultural technology. One
of the states that is leading the way in the use of advanced agricultural technology is Haryana.
Haryana is regarded as a technology transfer model state. Haryana is the state that has
achieved the most progress in farm mechanization among all agricultural technology.
The ancient agricultural method used in this state has quickly given way to a more automated
one. Haryana may now engage in large-scale double or triple cropping thanks to innovative
agricultural technology. The majority of Haryana's farmers relied on draft animals for
transportation and field work until 1990. Very few farmers employed farm equipment like
disks, cultivators, and steel ploughs in the early stages of agricultural mechanization, but
today there is a noticeable increase in the usage of these tools. In the state of California,
40,790 cultivators and 52923 discs were utilized in total during 2007.
In Haryana, the number of tractors increased dramatically between 1966–1967 and 2010–
2011. Tractor numbers increased from 4803 in 1966–1967 to 2, 67,236 in 2011–2012 (as per
Statistical Abstract of Haryana, 2012-13). Accordingly, the current state of Haryana's
agricultural transformation reveals that, while the number of draught animals is rapidly
declining, the use of innovative agricultural equipment has increased significantly over the
past ten years, including power tillers, diesel engines, laser levelers, and combine harvesters.
Many people refer to Haryana as India's "bread basket." The farming patterns and agro-
ecology of the state are varied. In 2020–21, Haryana accounted for 5.92 percent of the
nation's total food grain production. In 2020–21, the agricultural and allied sector's
percentage of the state of Haryana's total gross state product (GSVA) at current prices is
20.92 percent (Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, MoA&FW, GoI, 2021). Although the green
revolution had a positive effect on reducing poverty and malnutrition, it also had detrimental
effects on degrading the land and water (Davis et al., 2019).
The Government of India has always placed the welfare of farmers at the forefront of its
priorities. To address this, it has put in place a number of programs, or yojanas, to boost the
agricultural industry and enhance farmers' financial circumstances.

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Farmers may greatly profit from these agricultural plans, but in order to take use of them,
they must be aware of them. Thus, we will inform you about some of the most beneficial and
well-liked government programs for Indian farmers through this post.
Another innovative incentive-driven initiative to encourage water conservation is direct
planting of rice (DSR) technology, which the state government recently unveiled as a trial
project.
1.3 Agricultural Schemes:
Following are the schemes launched by Government of India for the
farmers of Haryana (India):
i. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana:
In September of last year, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi
introduced a pension plan for the country's small and marginal farmers.
Upon reaching 60 years old, around 5 crore marginalized farmers would
receive a basic pension of Rs 3000 per month under the PM Kisan
Maandhan plan. The program will accept applications from those
between the ages of 18 and 40. In accordance with this plan, farmers must
contribute to the Pension Fund on a monthly basis, up to a maximum of
Rs. 200, based on their entrance age, until they reach the age of sixty, at
which point they are eligible to retire. The government will contribute the
same amount to the growers' pension fund on an equitable basis.
ii. PM-Kisan Scheme:
Under the government's Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana,
120 million Indian small and marginal farmers who own less than two
hectares of land would get a minimum income assistance of up to Rs.
6,000 annually. The PM-Kisan program went live on December 1st, 2018.
Cultivators would receive Rs. 6000 in three payments under this
arrangement.
iii. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme

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Another significant government program that gives farmers prompt
access to loans is the Kisan loans Card system. In order to give farmers
access to official short-term loans, the Kisan loans Card initiative was
launched in 1998. The KCC program was established to make sure that
farmers in the fields of agriculture, fishery, and animal husbandry were
meeting their credit requirements. Farmers that participate in this program
receive short-term loans for equipment purchases as well as other costs.
Numerous banks, like as SBI, HDFC, ICICI, and Axis, provide KCC.
iv. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
A maximum premium of 2 percent is required for Kharif, 1.5
percent for Rabi food and oilseed crops, and 5 percent for annual
commercial or horticultural crops under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima
Yojana, an actuarial premium-based scheme. The remaining portion of
the actuarial or bid premium is split equally between the Central and State
Governments. Facilitating prompt claims settlement is one of the
scheme's main goals. Subject to the State Government's prompt
transmission of yield statistics and portion of the premium subsidy, the
claims should be resolved within two months following harvest.
v. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana was launched on 1 July 2015 with
the motto ‘Har Khet Ko Paani’ to provide end-to end solutions in
irrigation supply chain, viz. water sources, distribution network & farm
level applications. PMKSY focuses on creating sources for assured
irrigation, also creating protective irrigation by harnessing rain water at
micro level through ‘Jal Sanchay’ & ‘Jal Sinchan’.
vi. Pashu Kisan Credit Card Scheme
The "Pashu Kisan Credit Card" has been introduced by the Indian
government to assist livestock producers in expanding and developing
their business. The nation's first state to provide farmers a Pashu Kisan

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Credit Card is Haryana. Farmers who purchase cows, buffalo, goats, etc.
are provided loans under this program. You must visit the bank that is
closest to you to apply for a Pashu Kisan Credit Card.
vii. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
The goal of the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana is to encourage organic
farming in India.to increase the amount of organic matter in the soil,
enhance its health, and increase the farmer's net income in order to fetch
higher prices. 10,000 clusters of 50 acres each are intended to cover a
total of 5 lakh acres under the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana between
2015–16 and 2017–18.
viii. National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)
The nationwide Agriculture Market provides a nationwide e-marketing
platform and facilitates the development of e-marketing-enabling
infrastructure. Agriculture markets are being revolutionized by this new
market procedure, which ensures improved price discovery. As we move
toward a "One Nation, One Market," it also introduces competition and
openness, allowing growers to get better compensation for their harvest.
ix. Rainfed Area Development Programme (RADP)
The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana established the Rainfed Area
Development Programme as a sub-scheme (RKVY). With a
comprehensive set of operations designed to optimize farm returns, the
goal was to enhance the standard of living for farmers, particularly small
and marginal farmers. Through the use of appropriate farming system-
based practices, it also aids in raising agricultural production in rainfed
regions in a sustainable manner. With a varied and composite agricultural
system, it reduces the negative effects of potential crop failure due to
drought, flood, or uneven rainfall distribution. Additionally, the initiative
supports farmers' livelihoods and raises their income, which helps to
lower poverty in rainfed regions.

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x. Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme
A pilot program known as the "Venture Capital Scheme for Dairy &
Poultry" was introduced by the Department of Animal Husbandry,
Dairying & Fisheries (DAHD&F) in 2005–06. The program sought to
increase funding for the establishment of small dairy farms as well as
other elements necessary to implement structural reforms in the dairy
industry. Subsequently, the Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme
(DEDS) replaced DAHD&F, and the updated program began to run on
September 1, 2010.
xi. Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojna
The Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojna is a program designed to assist
Chhattisgarh's farmers. The program attempts to guarantee farmers
cultivating the state's 13 kharif and 1 Rabi season crops a minimum
income.
xii. Soil Health Card Scheme
In order to assist State Governments in providing Soil Health Cards to
Indian farmers, the Soil Health Card Scheme was introduced in 2015.
Farmers may improve the health and fertility of their soil by using the
Soil Health Cards, which provide information on the nutritional condition
of their soil and recommendations for the right amount of fertilizers to
apply.
xiii. Rythu Bandhu scheme
The Telangana government's Rythu Bandhu plan, also called the Farmer's
Investment Support plan, is a welfare program designed to assist farmers
with their two crop investments annually. Under this program, the
government gives 58.33 lakh farmers, twice a year, Rs. 5000 per acre
every season to assist their agricultural investment throughout the rabi
and khari seasons. This is the nation's first direct farmer investment
assistance program in which farmers get cash payments directly.

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xiv. Livestock insurance Scheme
The goal of the livestock insurance scheme is to give farmers and cattle
rearers a safety net against the possibility of their animals passing away.
The program also informs dairy farmers about the advantages of livestock
insurance and helps to popularize it, with the ultimate objective of
improving the quality of cattle and the products produced from them.
xv. Land Acquisition Policy of Haryana
There are other state-specific legislation in addition to the Central Land
Acquisition Act. One of the first governments to draft a land acquisition
policy was Haryana, which updated it in 2005 and released it on
December 7, 2007, with improvements for farmers. Among the policy
efforts are the following:
Sr.
N
o.
Particulars Mini.
Floor
Rate (Pre
revision)/
acre
Mini. Floor
Rate(revised)/
acre w.e.f.
07.09. 2010
Solatiu
m @
30%
Amount
under
Section
23(1A)
For
30mont
hs
No
Litigati
on
Incenti
ve @
20% Of
the
floor
rate
Total
Amoun
t/ Acre
1 Land Situated within the
notified limits of
Corporation Gurgaon
Municipal
20 lakh 40 lakh 12
lakh
12 lakh 8 lakh 72 lakh
2 Land Situated within the
notified limits of Faridabad
and Panchkula Municipal
Corporations: Areas
forming part of the
development plans of
Gurgaon - Manesar urnban
complex( excluding the
areas falling within the
limits of municipal
corporation Gurgaon)
16 lakh 30 lakh 9 lakh 9 lakh 6 lakh 54 lakh

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Sohna and Sonepat Kundli
Urban Complex.
3 Area Situated
Development within the
plans
of:Bahadurgarh,Rohtak,R
ewari,Dh aruhera,Bawal
and Panipat Towns
16 lakh 25 lakh 7.5
lakh
7.5 lakh 5 lakh 45 lakh
4 Rest of the NCR, Areas
situated outside the
limits of Panchkula
Municipal Corporation in
Panchkula District and
the land situated within
the development plans
of all other districts
headquarters outside the
NCR
16 lakh 20 lakh 6 lakh 6 lakh 4 lakh 36 lakh
5 Remaining Parts of the
state
8 lakh 12 lakh 3.6
lakh
3.6 lakh 2.4
lakh
21.6
lakh
xvi. Law on guaranteed minimum support price (MSP)
Government had decided to procure the entire crop of sunflower seeds as
a permanent policy as part of the state’s crop diversification plan.
According to official statistics, as a consequence, the sunflower area that
was seeded on 9,440 hectares in 2018–19 climbed to 14,160 hectares in
the 2022–23 crop year. Farmers were aware of MSP-based procurement
as time went on. This year, governmental authorities failed to show up for
procurement, which allowed dealers to take advantage of farmers.
Farmers in this Mahapanchayat have been complaining that, in contrast to
the Rs 6,400 per quintal MSP given by the Center for 2022–2023—they

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were not receiving more than Rs 4000-Rs 4200 per quintal for their
sunflower harvest this year.
xvii. DSR
Another significant move made by the Haryana government to encourage
farmers to choose crop diversification, lessen the area used for rice
production, and adopt environmentally friendly farming practices is the
DSR approach with financial support, he continued. Twelve districts—
Ambala, Yamunanagar, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Panipat, Jind,
Sonipat, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Rohtak, and Hisar—will be covered by this
incentive-based program.
xviii. Mera Pani, Meri Virasat:
Farmers switching over to alternate crop in place of paddy are being
given ₹7,000 per acre incentive.
xix. Kheti Khaali, Fir Bhi Khushali:
Programs provide farmers with an incentive of ₹7,000 per acre if they do not plant
any crops in their land during the paddy season, he continued.
xx. Interest Free Loan:
Prior to this, the interest-free loan option was limited to loans obtained from
cooperative organizations and had an interest rate of Rs 1.5 lakh. A FARMER will not
be charged interest when they take up a crop loan from any nationalized or
cooperative bank for up to Rs 60,000 to Rs 3 lakh per acre, however there are three
requirements: the farmer must return the loan within the allotted time; disclose on the
"Meri Fasal Mera Byora" portal the details of all cooperative loans taken by them; and
the purchase agency must directly deposit the crop payment into the account of the
institution from which the farmer obtained the loan.
xxi. National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
xxii. Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA)
xxiii. Mission on Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH sub component of
NHM
xxiv. Small Farmers Agri Business Consortium (SFAC)
1.4 Farmers And the Technology

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Farmers now have access to pricey technical solutions thanks to ongoing
economic changes, but these reforms haven't been able to provide adequate
bank loans, crop insurance, or land irrigation. The Indian farmers were obliged
to compete on a worldwide scale as a result of these changes, and in an attempt
to increase their profits, they turned to expensive pesticides, fertilizers, and
seeds. However, compared to conventional seeds, fertilizers, and insecticides,
these contemporary products are far more expensive, requiring bigger loans.
However, these tiny land owners have received very little financial assistance
from the government. Due to their inability to qualify for bank loans, the
majority of farmers must turn to commission agents and money lenders who
demand excessive interest rates. As a result, the farmers are trapped in a never-
ending cycle of debt and are obliged to give up the title to their property as
security.
greater loans.
Over the past 10 years, the prevalence and amount of debt have significantly
grown in all of India's states. According to the National Sample Survey
organization's Situation Assessment Survey (NSSO, 2013), the financial status
of farm households was getting worse, with 51.9% of farm households in India
being indebted. The state with the greatest incidence of debt is Andhra Pradesh
(93%), followed by Telangana (89%), Tamil Nadu (82%), Karnataka (77%), and
Rajasthan (62%). Compared to non-institutional sources, which supplied 40%
of the total, institutional sources have given 60% to these farming households.
Although the country's agriculture industry has slowed down for a variety of
reasons, farmer indebtedness has surfaced as a key problem. This is due to the
fact that the farmers' social and economic standing was negatively impacted by
their debt issue, which ultimately led to their suicide. Additionally, it makes
small landholders impoverished. Since 2000, there has been one farmer suicide
in India on average every 30 minutes (Sainth, 2008). The farmers turned to a

14. 14
variety of institutional (banks, cooperatives, etc.) and non-institutional
(commission agents, money lenders, etc.) credit sources in order to borrow
money because fertilizers and cultivation were so expensive. Without a doubt,
the institutional credit sources and banking network are growing and expanding
tremendously, yet
Farmers' stress levels rise as a result of declining agricultural incomes, a rise in
their reliance on moneylenders, and rising input costs. Because their financial
needs are growing, farmers are becoming more and more dependent on outside
support. However, due to the numerous flaws in our funding structure, there is
relatively little money available. The accessibility of farmers, particularly those
in smaller sizes, is not meeting their daily financial demands. Farmers' net
output and profit have significantly decreased as a result of the ongoing
stagnation (Kaur, 2011a). Due to their circumstances, the farmers were unable
to repay the loan and fell into a deep financial and economic cycle.
The majority of the agricultural community's income gain has been absorbed by
the rise in consumer expenditures. Among farmers, materialism has been on the
rise. The key causes for borrowing were identified as rising costs for
contemporary food products, marriages, and socio-religious rites, as well as
types of housing that are furnished with modern amenities (Singh and Kaur,
2008). The socioeconomic elements are also highly important in a nation like
India. The majority of agricultural households must deal with hefty costs,
mostly for health care, daughter weddings, and children's schooling.
Borrowed money from institutional or non-institutional sources closes the
resulting shortfall. The poor's reliance on moneylenders and commission
agents/traders has not altered despite the expansion of the credit delivery
system. These individuals confront significant costs mostly associated with
health care, daughter weddings, and children's schooling.

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As digitization has spread, it has made branch authorization simpler, increased
in rural regions, and embraced environmental credit. Positive shift in the
unbanked population's behavior An rise in financial literacy Rural residents
now find it easier to transact financial business [9]. The most significant social
welfare microfinance and appropriate development factor, with a favorable
effect on BOP individuals, is financial literacy. For the optimal outcome of
financial inclusion, the most crucial things are financial education and
awareness for rural residents.
Mechanization in agriculture is important for every farming activity like-
tillage, planting, seeding, watering, applying fertilizer, harvesting, and so on.
The use of mechanization guarantees that agricultural tasks are completed on
time, lowers production costs, and increases productivity. Even modest plots of
land may now be used to generate large amounts of wealth thanks to modern
technology. Small and large farmers alike are becoming increasingly conscious
of the advantages that technology offers them. Overall, agricultural
mechanization has been extremely beneficial to the farming community.
Technology has led to the development of several cutting-edge tools that have
lowered the time and effort required for farming. A few of these contemporary
devices' technologies were chosen for the investigation. These include the
combine harvester, laser guided land leveler, rotavator, and zero tillage. The
primary rationale behind the choice of these four technologies over all other
contemporary technologies is their primary application to wheat and paddy
crops. Below are the specific descriptions of these technologies.
(a) Zero Tillage:
Planting crops on previously unprepared soil is known as zero tillage. It's also
referred to as direct planting, zero till, or no till. It is utilized to produce crops
without tillage, which disturbs the soil. By preserving soil, fuel, irrigation,

16. 16
fertilizer, pesticides, and herbicides, zero tillage enables earlier planting, which
increases yields and lowers expenses.
(b) Rotavator:
A rotavator completes one operation to prepare the field. With this approach,
tillage for the subsequent crop may be quickly prepared once the previous crop
is harvested. Tillage is a crucial component of agricultural practices that uses a
lot of energy. Using cultivators and disc ploughs, land is traditionally tilled.
However, these tillage techniques alter the top soil layer without adequately
mixing the soil, necessitating further soil tillage procedures. The technology of
the rotavator is quite helpful in solving these issues. It's a tillage equipment
meant to prepare soil using revolving blades. Compared to conventional tillage
techniques, it has a greater capability for breaking up and mixing the soil.
Single step tillage is rotavator technology's primary advantage. To create
organic manure, prior crop wastes and stubbles are cut into small pieces and
combined with soil. The use of rotavator technology lowers tillage costs overall
and saves a significant amount of time.
(c) Laser Guided Land Leveller:
A laser directed land leveler is a device that uses a guided laser beam to level a
field to a specified slope within a specific degree. One device that helps
conserve resources is laser guided land leveling. This method involves precisely
leveling fields. It assures a smooth, level surface more quickly and effectively.
Crop yields and germination are greatly impacted by uneven soil surfaces.
(d) Combine Harvester:
The combine harvester is a multipurpose agricultural tool that may be used for
threshing, winnowing, gathering grains, and harvesting various crops. One of
the most crucial farming tasks is harvesting. Before the development of
contemporary agricultural technology, workers had to harvest crops by

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performing a tedious sequence of tasks one after the other. Using a long-handled
cutting instrument like a scythe, they had to first chop down the plants. The next
step was to thresh the grain, which included smashing the chopped stalks to
separate the grains. In order to prepare the seeds for use in a mill, they had to
remove any last bits of detritus.
1.5 Haryana And Land Acquisition
In India, the state of Haryana holds a unique position. Although Haryana is a
tiny state in terms of land, making up only 1.3% of the nation's total territory, it
contributed 3.8% of the nation's GDP in 2018–19 at constant prices from 2011–
12. According to the Advance Estimates for 2019–20, the Gross State Domestic
Product (GSDP) of the state of Haryana at current prices is anticipated to be Rs.
8,31,610,21 crore. This represents a growth rate of 13.3% in 2019–20 compared
to 13.0% in 2018–19. With a growth rate of 7.7 percent in 2019–20 as opposed
to the increase of 7.5 percent in 2018–19, the Gross State Domestic Product at
constant prices (2011–12) is predicted to reach the level of Rs. 5,72,239,70
crore. The state's real increase in GDP of 7.7% during 2019–20 is more than the
5% GDP growth of the entire country (GoH, 2019–20).
The state economy lost its speed during the first two years of the 12th Five Year
Plan, or 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, following the 11th Five Year Plan's
exceptional economic development. Additionally, it has been discovered that
there has been a standstill in the yield of the main agricultural crops (GoH,
2013-2014). Agriculture and allied sectors have not had the same average yearly
growth as the industry and service sectors throughout the 37-year period (1969–
1970 to 2006–07) between the fourth and tenth five-year plans. Agriculture and
Allied Sector's percentage of Gross State Domestic Product fell from 61.7% in
1969–70 to 21.3% in 2006–07 (GoH, 2019–20). The agriculture sector has been
a source of worry because of its subpar performance. The agriculture sector
continues to be a subject for worry because of its low performance.

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Indian farmers tend to own tiny farms with high production costs on limited
plots of land (Chanana, 2016). Due to population growth and the breakup of
joint families, semi-medium and medium-sized farmers have been pushed to
become small and marginal farmers, which has led to unprofitable land holdings
(Singh, 2012). The minimum support price hike, increased production costs, and
decline in productivity have rendered agricultural operations unprofitable.
Consequently, there has been a rise in debt (Mahajan, 2015).
The agricultural crisis that is posing a danger to farmers' lives, especially those
of small and marginal farmers, has two faces: the crisis of agricultural
development, which is marked by a decline in profitability and a fall in the
sector's total growth rate. Government and non-government organizations have
become insensitive, public investments in agriculture have decreased, and the
support networks for farmers have deteriorated. The increasing cost of inputs
has rendered farming futile in the absence of any breakthrough in cost-cutting
technology.
1.6 Agriculture and Its Price Policy:
As farming is more commercialized and marketable.A farmer's desire to plant a
certain amount of land under each crop is influenced by surplus growth and
shifts in the relative pricing of various agricultural products. These factors
ultimately impact the level of output.of various businesses. A prominent place in
the pricing structure is held by agricultural prices in emerging nations, where
agriculture plays a significant role. Any good price policy must include the
research of price behavior. The price support system and agricultural pricing
policy have been scrutinized by scholars in light of the recent shifts toward the
liberalization of the Indian economy.
Changes in the relative pricing of different farm goods impact the amount of
land that a farmer would want to plant for each crop, which in turn influences

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the level of output of various firms. Agriculture is becoming more market-
oriented and marketable as surplus accumulates. The issues or variables
affecting the demand for agricultural product must be addressed in any
consideration of agricultural policy. How do farmers choose what to produce
and how much to produce are two crucial factors in agricultural production?
What tools of policy and other elements affect their choices for allocating
acres.It is necessary to comprehend various crops in order to create an
agricultural policy that is both effective and sound. A conclusion about supply in
agriculture is probably going to be based on information about technical
coefficients, input prices, and output.
The government fixes the Minimum Support Price prior to the planting season,
although relatively few farmers are aware of this. Therefore, the technique of
assessing MSP based on the government's 2018 budget—which is "at least 50%
more than the weighted average cost of the production"—is the main emphasis
of this study. The development of a site would raise awareness among farmers.
1.7 Significance of the Study:
In India's economy, agriculture is significant. It is a way of life and still the
main source of income for the majority of people. As the nation's economy
grows overall, the agriculture sector's economic contribution to India's GDP is
decreasing. Farmers and officials are quite concerned about the slow growth of
the agriculture sector. Therefore, in order to make agriculture more profitable, it
is necessary to improve present procedures. Technology must be included into
agriculture in order to boost productivity. Growth and technical advancement in
agriculture are crucial for both the industrial sector and rural development, since
it plays a significant role in creating jobs.
In this study, focus will be there on the impact of government policies on
farmers of Haryana. This study may be useful in enticing new scholars to pursue

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more research, expand this field of study, and more effectively demonstrate the
advantages of technology.
1.8 Objectives of the Study:
1. To find out the socio economic condition of farmers in Haryana.
2. To study the access of Government policies and schemes across economic
strata and space.
3. To study the impact of State and national agricultural related schemes on
production of crops and farmers income.
1.9 Hypothesis of the Study:
1. There is no change in social economic structure after getting benefits from
different schemes.
2. Government policies have been ineffective in upliftment of Haryana farmers
3. There is no relation between benefits from schemes and economic condition
of the respondents.
1.10. Rationale of The Study:
Numerous essential factors that determine the growth of the agriculture sector,
including improved crop yield, increased revenue, farmer education, healthy
soil, and farmer welfare, are the focus of national and state programs. To offer
farmers insurance protection and monetary assistance in the event that any of
the declared crops fail due to pests, illnesses, or natural disasters. to maintain
farmers' financial stability so they may continue farming.