1. The document discusses human resource management (HRM) and personnel management. It defines HRM as planning, organizing, directing, and controlling human resources to achieve organizational goals. 2. The scope of HRM includes recruitment, selection, development, performance appraisal, motivation, and other activities. HRM aims to increase employee efficiency, morale, and utilization to effectively achieve organizational objectives. 3. Personnel management is also discussed and defined as acquiring, developing, and maintaining a qualified workforce for organizational performance. Its functions include manpower planning, recruitment, compensation, and union negotiation. The document compares HRM and personnel management.