Chanakya was a 4th century BC Indian philosopher, economist and royal advisor. He served as the chief advisor to Chandragupta Maurya and was instrumental in founding the Maurya Empire. According to legends, Chanakya swore revenge against the Nanda kings after being humiliated at their court. He then trained Chandragupta and helped him build an army to defeat the Nandas. As prime minister, Chanakya authored the ancient Indian text Arthashastra, which covered politics, economics and military strategies. He is considered one of the earliest thinkers on realpolitik.

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Chanakya (Sanskrit: ?????? Ca?akya) (c. 350-283 BC), was an adviser and a prime minister to the first
Maurya Emperor Chandragupta (c. 340-293 BC), and architect of his rise to power.Some scholars
consider Chanakya to be "the pioneer economist of the world". He is known as "The Indian Machiavelli"
in the Western world.
Chanakya, also known as Kautilya or Vishnugupta, was born in Pataliputra, Magadh (modern Bihar), and
later moved to Taxila, in Gandhar province. He was a Brahmin by caste and a professor (acharya) of
political science at the Takshashila University and later the Prime Minister of the Emperor Chandragupta
Maurya. He is regarded as one of the earliest known political thinkers, economists and king-makers. He
was the man to envision the first Indian empire by unification of the then numerous kingdoms in the
Indian sub-continent and provide the impetus for fights against the Greek conqueror Alexander the
Great.
Chanakya is perhaps less well known outside India compared to other social and political philosophers of
the world like Confucius and Machiavelli. His foresight and wide knowledge coupled with politics of
expediency helped found the mighty Mauryan Empire in India. He compiled his political ideas into the
'Arthashastra', one of the world's earliest treatises on political thought and social order. His ideas
remain popular to this day in India.
In Jawaharlal Nehru's Discovery of India, Chanakya has been called the 'Indian Machiavelli'. Three books
are attributed to Chanakya: Arthashastra, Nitishastra and Chanakya Niti. 'Arthashastra' (literally 'the
Science of Material Gain' in Sanskrit) is arguably the first systematic book on economics. It discusses
monetary and fiscal policies, welfare, international relations, and war strategies in details. Many of his
nitis or policies have been compiled under the book title 'Chanakya Niti'. 'Nitishastra' is a treatise on the
ideal way of life, and shows Chanakya's in depth study of the Indian way of life.
The commonly told tale is that after Chanakya, was humiliated by the Nandas and was thrown out of the
Nanda Court, as he was walking in a forest when the kusa grass hurt him by tripping him over. Since the
grass is extremely difficult to uproot, people let it grow without destroying it but chanakya poured sugar
syrup on the grass. When Chandragupta asked him why, Chanakya replied that he was making the root
of the grass sweet which will attract ants and the ants will destroy the grass. And that did happen. When
asked why a simple grass was being destroyed for vengeance, Chanakya replied that everyone owes a
duty to the society by removing noxious things, and he would remove even a king if the king adopted
adharma. Seeing Chanakya's intelligence and foresight, Chandragupta asked to be accepted as a disciple.

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Chanakya's main philosophy was "A debt should be paid off till the last penny; An enemy should be
destroyed without a trace". He seemed to have lived - and died - by his philosopy.
Legends
* Chanakya was born with a complete set of teeth, a sign that he would become king, which is
inappropriate for a Brahmin like Chanakya. Cha?akya's teeth were therefore broken and it was
prophesied that he will rule through another.
* The Nanda King throws Chanakya out of his court, prompting Chanakya to swear revenge.
* Chanakya searches for one worthy for him to rule through. Chanakya encounters a young
Chandragupta Maurya who is a born leader even as a child.
* Chanakya's initial attempt to overthrow Nanda fails, where upon he comes across a mother scolding
her child for burning himself by eating from the middle of a bun or bowl of porridge rather than the
cooler edge. Cha?akya realizes his initial strategic error and, instead of attacking the heart of Nanda
territory, slowly chips away at its edges.
* Chanakya changed his alliance with the mountain king Parvata due to his obstinance and non
adherence to the principles of treaty as agreed .
* Chanakya enlists the services of a fanatical weaver to rid the kingdom of rebels.
* Chanakya adds small amount of poison everyday to the food eaten by Chandragupta, now king, in
order to make him immune.The aim of this was to prevent the Emperor from being poisoned by

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enemies. Unaware, Chandragupta feeds some of his food to his queen, who is in her ninth month of
pregnancy. In order to save the heir to the throne, Chanakya cuts the queen open and extracts the fetus,
who is named Bindusara because he was touched by a drop (bindu) of blood or of poison.
* Chanakya's political rivalry with Subandhu leads to his death.