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The document contains notes on various topics related to data communication including analog to digital encoding, PAM, PCM, Nyquist theorem, digital to analog encoding, ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM modulation techniques. There are figures explaining concepts such as quantized PAM signal, quantizing using sign and magnitude, from analog to PCM, PSK constellation, 4-PSK, 8-PSK characteristics, 4-QAM and 8-QAM constellations, 16-QAM constellation, and the relationship between bit rate and baud rate.



























This group covers Analog to Digital encoding methods including PAM, Quantized PAM, and PCM.
Detailed process of converting Analog signals to PCM, covering quantizing, encoding steps.
Explaining Nyquist Theorem and Digital to Analog encoding fundamentals.
This group discusses various digital modulation techniques including ASK, FSK, their characteristics, and bandwidth.
Provides insight into PSK, its constellation diagrams, 4-PSK and 8-PSK characteristics.
Overview of QAM types including 4-QAM, 8-QAM, and 16-QAM characteristics and constellations.
Understanding Bit Rate and Baud Rate, their definitions, and implications in data transmission.