The document discusses modeling concepts in object-oriented software engineering using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It covers key topics such as what modeling is, why it is used for software, and common UML diagram types including use case diagrams, class diagrams, and sequence diagrams. The document provides examples and explanations of concepts like classes, objects, associations, actors and more to illustrate how they are modeled and used in UML.
The document discusses modeling techniques in object-oriented software engineering, specifically covering the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It provides an overview of UML, including use case diagrams for describing functional requirements, class diagrams for describing system structure, and sequence diagrams for describing system behavior. The document also discusses how UML can be used to model both the application and solution domains of a software system.
The document discusses modeling software systems using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It provides an overview of UML and describes some of the main diagram types used for modeling, including use case diagrams for describing functional requirements, class diagrams for describing system structure, and sequence diagrams for describing dynamic object interactions. The document emphasizes that UML provides a standard way to model systems at different levels of abstraction through multiple views and diagrams.
This document discusses object-oriented modeling and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It introduces key concepts in modeling including systems, models, and views. Models abstract and simplify a system, while views depict selected aspects of a model. The document then discusses why software needs to be modeled, and introduces concepts, types, and classes in software modeling. It describes the relationship between the application domain and solution domain in object-oriented modeling. Finally, it provides an overview of commonly used UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, statechart diagrams, and activity diagrams.
The document discusses object-oriented software engineering and modeling complex systems. It introduces three techniques for dealing with complexity: abstraction, decomposition, and hierarchy. It argues that object-oriented decomposition is generally a good methodology for breaking a system into classes, but notes there may be other valid decompositions depending on the system's purpose. The document reflects on the current state of modeling and suggests starting with use case functionality before proceeding to the object model, in line with the software development lifecycle.
This document provides an introduction to structural and use case modeling using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines structural modeling as emphasizing the structure of objects, including their classifiers, relationships, attributes and operations. Use case modeling partitions system functionality into meaningful transactions ("use cases") between users ("actors") and the system. The document then reviews the core concepts and diagram types for both structural and use case modeling in UML.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the basic concepts of OOAD and how UML uses diagrams to model software systems. UML diagrams can be used in all phases of the software development life cycle, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The document also gives an overview of the different parts of UML, such as views, diagrams, relationships, and model elements.
This chapter introduces software engineering and its objectives. It discusses dealing with complexity through abstraction, decomposition, and hierarchy. Models are used to provide different views of a system, such as functional, object, and dynamic models. Design patterns and frameworks help make software more reusable and reduce complexity. The software lifecycle encompasses activities like requirements, design, implementation, and testing to develop software.
Object Oriented Analysis and Design with UML2 part1Haitham Raik
The document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOA&D) with UML. It discusses key concepts like use cases, requirements analysis, UML diagrams, and architectural analysis. The presenter provides an agenda that covers OOA&D overview, UML overview, requirements overview, use cases overview, basic OO concepts, and architectural analysis.
The document discusses modeling techniques in object-oriented software engineering, specifically covering the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It provides an overview of UML, including use case diagrams for describing functional requirements, class diagrams for describing system structure, and sequence diagrams for describing system behavior. The document also discusses how UML can be used to model both the application and solution domains of a software system.
The document discusses modeling software systems using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It provides an overview of UML and describes some of the main diagram types used for modeling, including use case diagrams for describing functional requirements, class diagrams for describing system structure, and sequence diagrams for describing dynamic object interactions. The document emphasizes that UML provides a standard way to model systems at different levels of abstraction through multiple views and diagrams.
This document discusses object-oriented modeling and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It introduces key concepts in modeling including systems, models, and views. Models abstract and simplify a system, while views depict selected aspects of a model. The document then discusses why software needs to be modeled, and introduces concepts, types, and classes in software modeling. It describes the relationship between the application domain and solution domain in object-oriented modeling. Finally, it provides an overview of commonly used UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, statechart diagrams, and activity diagrams.
The document discusses object-oriented software engineering and modeling complex systems. It introduces three techniques for dealing with complexity: abstraction, decomposition, and hierarchy. It argues that object-oriented decomposition is generally a good methodology for breaking a system into classes, but notes there may be other valid decompositions depending on the system's purpose. The document reflects on the current state of modeling and suggests starting with use case functionality before proceeding to the object model, in line with the software development lifecycle.
This document provides an introduction to structural and use case modeling using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines structural modeling as emphasizing the structure of objects, including their classifiers, relationships, attributes and operations. Use case modeling partitions system functionality into meaningful transactions ("use cases") between users ("actors") and the system. The document then reviews the core concepts and diagram types for both structural and use case modeling in UML.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the basic concepts of OOAD and how UML uses diagrams to model software systems. UML diagrams can be used in all phases of the software development life cycle, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The document also gives an overview of the different parts of UML, such as views, diagrams, relationships, and model elements.
This chapter introduces software engineering and its objectives. It discusses dealing with complexity through abstraction, decomposition, and hierarchy. Models are used to provide different views of a system, such as functional, object, and dynamic models. Design patterns and frameworks help make software more reusable and reduce complexity. The software lifecycle encompasses activities like requirements, design, implementation, and testing to develop software.
Object Oriented Analysis and Design with UML2 part1Haitham Raik
The document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOA&D) with UML. It discusses key concepts like use cases, requirements analysis, UML diagrams, and architectural analysis. The presenter provides an agenda that covers OOA&D overview, UML overview, requirements overview, use cases overview, basic OO concepts, and architectural analysis.
The document discusses requirements elicitation and analysis for software engineering projects. It describes gathering requirements through scenarios, which help communicate with clients. Scenarios are refined into use cases. Use cases and object models are then used to formally specify requirements through functional and non-functional requirements.
The document is a slide presentation on UML modeling and profiling from a software engineering course. It introduces UML and the concepts of metamodeling. It explains that UML is used to specify, visualize, construct and document software system artifacts. The presentation then outlines the typical steps in UML modeling: 1) modeling use cases, 2) modeling system structure with classes and components, and 3) modeling deployment to hardware nodes.
The document provides an overview of the core concepts and processes involved in systems analysis and design using a running example project from beginning to end. It introduces the systems development life cycle (SDLC) as consisting of six core processes: (1) identifying needs and obtaining approval, (2) planning and monitoring the project, (3) defining requirements, (4) designing solutions, (5) building and testing solutions, and (6) launching solutions. The chapter then discusses these six core processes that are common to all types of SDLC approaches.
The document discusses object-oriented databases (OODBs). It states that choosing the right OODB architecture is crucial for performance and scalability, more so than with relational databases. With OODBs, the application architecture has a greater impact on performance compared to relational databases, as OODBs provide more direct access to persistent data. Consequently, the application architecture affects performance and scalability more than the choice of OODB.
Software Engineering Tools and Practices.pdfMeagGhn
This document discusses software engineering practices and tools, including the software crisis and issues like increasing complexity, poor quality, high costs and delays. It introduces Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard way to visually model software systems using diagrams. It describes different types of UML models including structural, behavioral and architectural modeling. It also discusses concepts like the software development life cycle, configuration management, revision control systems and how to create UML diagrams like use case diagrams and sequence diagrams.
This document discusses Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML. It introduces UML as a standard language for modeling software systems using diagrams. The document outlines the evolution of UML and its scope. It describes the building blocks of UML including basic constituents, relationships, and 13 types of diagrams used to represent different views of a system. These diagrams include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and others.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of topics covered in Chapter 7 on software design and implementation, including object-oriented design using UML, design patterns, implementation issues, and open source development. It discusses the design and implementation process, build vs buy approaches, object-oriented design processes involving system models, and key activities like defining system context, identifying objects and interfaces. Specific examples are provided for designing a wilderness weather station system.
1. Object modeling is a key activity in analysis that involves identifying important classes, attributes, methods, and associations from use cases and domain knowledge.
2. Class identification can be done through syntactic analysis of use cases using techniques like Abbott's method of mapping parts of speech to model elements.
3. Different roles like analysts, designers, and implementors have varying needs from class diagrams depending on the development phase and tasks. The level of detail needed increases from analysis to implementation.
This document provides an introduction and overview of structural modeling and use case modeling in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the goals and benefits of modeling, provides a quick tour of UML concepts, and covers the core elements of structural modeling like classes, interfaces, associations and diagrams. It explains when and how to model system structure and provides an example of interface-based design. The document is intended to teach the basics of UML structural and use case modeling.
The document discusses design patterns and how they can be used to simplify complex object models. It introduces the composite, adapter, bridge, and facade patterns. The composite pattern models tree structures and allows components to be treated uniformly. The adapter pattern allows classes with incompatible interfaces to work together. The bridge pattern decouples an abstraction from its implementation. The facade pattern provides a simplified interface to a subsystem. Design patterns use inheritance and delegation to provide flexible, reusable solutions to common programming problems.
PhD Core Paper Unit 5 _Part 1 Software Design and UML Use Case Modeling.pdfJAYANTHIKANNAN8
This document provides an overview of the course "Software Design and UML Use Case Modeling" which is part of the Ph.D program in Computer Science and Engineering. The course covers topics like UML modeling concepts, types of UML diagrams with examples, user-centered design, use case modeling, basics of user interface design, and software design patterns. It includes the syllabus, learning objectives, and examples for each topic.
This document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It outlines the course information for an Introduction to UML course, including aims, objectives, assessment, and recommended books. It then describes what UML is and lists common UML tools. The document explains that UML defines 13 types of diagrams divided into categories for structure, behavior, and interaction. Examples of different UML diagrams are provided, including class, object, component, and use case diagrams. Guidelines are given for modeling with UML, including the development process, types of models, and use case modeling syntax, semantics, and examples.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses key OOAD concepts like classes, objects, attributes, methods, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also describes the nine UML diagrams used for modeling systems, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, and sequence diagrams. Finally, it explains how UML can be used at different levels of abstraction and from different perspectives in the analysis and design process.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It describes UML as a modeling language used for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. The document outlines the basic concepts of UML including its building blocks like classes, relationships, and diagrams. It provides examples of common UML diagrams like class diagrams, object diagrams, use case diagrams, and others. Finally, it discusses some of the fundamental aspects of UML like its common mechanisms, rules, and how it is used for modeling object-oriented systems.
This document provides an introduction to using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented design and modeling. It describes UML as a standard language for visualizing, specifying, and documenting software designs using concepts from data, business, object, and component modeling. The document outlines the history and creators of UML, the different types of UML diagrams for modeling various aspects of systems, and internet resources for further information on UML.
This document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) and how it is used to design software systems. UML is a standard modeling language that uses graphical notations to model object-oriented software design. It allows developers to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. The document outlines common UML diagrams like use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams that are used to model different aspects of a software design. It provides examples and explanations of how to construct and interpret these diagram types.
This document provides an overview of a mentoring session on Unified Modeling Language (UML) and software projects. It discusses object-oriented concepts, the purpose and history of UML, the main UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and their uses. Examples are provided of how to implement UML diagrams to model real-world systems and software applications.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) provides standard notations for modeling different aspects of a system. This document introduces five key UML notations - use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams. It describes what each notation is used for and provides simple examples. Modeling abstracts away irrelevant details and allows dividing a complex system into manageable pieces by focusing on specific aspects or views.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. It can be used to model both software and non-software systems. The document discusses the history, features, diagrams and real-world applications of UML. It also covers advantages like being easy to understand and standardized, as well as disadvantages such as difficulty synchronizing models with code. Finally, it briefly describes several open source UML modeling tools.
UI5con 2024 - Bring Your Own Design SystemPeter Muessig
How do you combine the OpenUI5/SAPUI5 programming model with a design system that makes its controls available as Web Components? Since OpenUI5/SAPUI5 1.120, the framework supports the integration of any Web Components. This makes it possible, for example, to natively embed own Web Components of your design system which are created with Stencil. The integration embeds the Web Components in a way that they can be used naturally in XMLViews, like with standard UI5 controls, and can be bound with data binding. Learn how you can also make use of the Web Components base class in OpenUI5/SAPUI5 to also integrate your Web Components and get inspired by the solution to generate a custom UI5 library providing the Web Components control wrappers for the native ones.
The document discusses requirements elicitation and analysis for software engineering projects. It describes gathering requirements through scenarios, which help communicate with clients. Scenarios are refined into use cases. Use cases and object models are then used to formally specify requirements through functional and non-functional requirements.
The document is a slide presentation on UML modeling and profiling from a software engineering course. It introduces UML and the concepts of metamodeling. It explains that UML is used to specify, visualize, construct and document software system artifacts. The presentation then outlines the typical steps in UML modeling: 1) modeling use cases, 2) modeling system structure with classes and components, and 3) modeling deployment to hardware nodes.
The document provides an overview of the core concepts and processes involved in systems analysis and design using a running example project from beginning to end. It introduces the systems development life cycle (SDLC) as consisting of six core processes: (1) identifying needs and obtaining approval, (2) planning and monitoring the project, (3) defining requirements, (4) designing solutions, (5) building and testing solutions, and (6) launching solutions. The chapter then discusses these six core processes that are common to all types of SDLC approaches.
The document discusses object-oriented databases (OODBs). It states that choosing the right OODB architecture is crucial for performance and scalability, more so than with relational databases. With OODBs, the application architecture has a greater impact on performance compared to relational databases, as OODBs provide more direct access to persistent data. Consequently, the application architecture affects performance and scalability more than the choice of OODB.
Software Engineering Tools and Practices.pdfMeagGhn
This document discusses software engineering practices and tools, including the software crisis and issues like increasing complexity, poor quality, high costs and delays. It introduces Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard way to visually model software systems using diagrams. It describes different types of UML models including structural, behavioral and architectural modeling. It also discusses concepts like the software development life cycle, configuration management, revision control systems and how to create UML diagrams like use case diagrams and sequence diagrams.
This document discusses Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML. It introduces UML as a standard language for modeling software systems using diagrams. The document outlines the evolution of UML and its scope. It describes the building blocks of UML including basic constituents, relationships, and 13 types of diagrams used to represent different views of a system. These diagrams include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and others.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of topics covered in Chapter 7 on software design and implementation, including object-oriented design using UML, design patterns, implementation issues, and open source development. It discusses the design and implementation process, build vs buy approaches, object-oriented design processes involving system models, and key activities like defining system context, identifying objects and interfaces. Specific examples are provided for designing a wilderness weather station system.
1. Object modeling is a key activity in analysis that involves identifying important classes, attributes, methods, and associations from use cases and domain knowledge.
2. Class identification can be done through syntactic analysis of use cases using techniques like Abbott's method of mapping parts of speech to model elements.
3. Different roles like analysts, designers, and implementors have varying needs from class diagrams depending on the development phase and tasks. The level of detail needed increases from analysis to implementation.
This document provides an introduction and overview of structural modeling and use case modeling in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the goals and benefits of modeling, provides a quick tour of UML concepts, and covers the core elements of structural modeling like classes, interfaces, associations and diagrams. It explains when and how to model system structure and provides an example of interface-based design. The document is intended to teach the basics of UML structural and use case modeling.
The document discusses design patterns and how they can be used to simplify complex object models. It introduces the composite, adapter, bridge, and facade patterns. The composite pattern models tree structures and allows components to be treated uniformly. The adapter pattern allows classes with incompatible interfaces to work together. The bridge pattern decouples an abstraction from its implementation. The facade pattern provides a simplified interface to a subsystem. Design patterns use inheritance and delegation to provide flexible, reusable solutions to common programming problems.
PhD Core Paper Unit 5 _Part 1 Software Design and UML Use Case Modeling.pdfJAYANTHIKANNAN8
This document provides an overview of the course "Software Design and UML Use Case Modeling" which is part of the Ph.D program in Computer Science and Engineering. The course covers topics like UML modeling concepts, types of UML diagrams with examples, user-centered design, use case modeling, basics of user interface design, and software design patterns. It includes the syllabus, learning objectives, and examples for each topic.
This document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It outlines the course information for an Introduction to UML course, including aims, objectives, assessment, and recommended books. It then describes what UML is and lists common UML tools. The document explains that UML defines 13 types of diagrams divided into categories for structure, behavior, and interaction. Examples of different UML diagrams are provided, including class, object, component, and use case diagrams. Guidelines are given for modeling with UML, including the development process, types of models, and use case modeling syntax, semantics, and examples.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses key OOAD concepts like classes, objects, attributes, methods, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also describes the nine UML diagrams used for modeling systems, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, and sequence diagrams. Finally, it explains how UML can be used at different levels of abstraction and from different perspectives in the analysis and design process.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It describes UML as a modeling language used for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. The document outlines the basic concepts of UML including its building blocks like classes, relationships, and diagrams. It provides examples of common UML diagrams like class diagrams, object diagrams, use case diagrams, and others. Finally, it discusses some of the fundamental aspects of UML like its common mechanisms, rules, and how it is used for modeling object-oriented systems.
This document provides an introduction to using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented design and modeling. It describes UML as a standard language for visualizing, specifying, and documenting software designs using concepts from data, business, object, and component modeling. The document outlines the history and creators of UML, the different types of UML diagrams for modeling various aspects of systems, and internet resources for further information on UML.
This document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) and how it is used to design software systems. UML is a standard modeling language that uses graphical notations to model object-oriented software design. It allows developers to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. The document outlines common UML diagrams like use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams that are used to model different aspects of a software design. It provides examples and explanations of how to construct and interpret these diagram types.
This document provides an overview of a mentoring session on Unified Modeling Language (UML) and software projects. It discusses object-oriented concepts, the purpose and history of UML, the main UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and their uses. Examples are provided of how to implement UML diagrams to model real-world systems and software applications.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) provides standard notations for modeling different aspects of a system. This document introduces five key UML notations - use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams. It describes what each notation is used for and provides simple examples. Modeling abstracts away irrelevant details and allows dividing a complex system into manageable pieces by focusing on specific aspects or views.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. It can be used to model both software and non-software systems. The document discusses the history, features, diagrams and real-world applications of UML. It also covers advantages like being easy to understand and standardized, as well as disadvantages such as difficulty synchronizing models with code. Finally, it briefly describes several open source UML modeling tools.
UI5con 2024 - Bring Your Own Design SystemPeter Muessig
How do you combine the OpenUI5/SAPUI5 programming model with a design system that makes its controls available as Web Components? Since OpenUI5/SAPUI5 1.120, the framework supports the integration of any Web Components. This makes it possible, for example, to natively embed own Web Components of your design system which are created with Stencil. The integration embeds the Web Components in a way that they can be used naturally in XMLViews, like with standard UI5 controls, and can be bound with data binding. Learn how you can also make use of the Web Components base class in OpenUI5/SAPUI5 to also integrate your Web Components and get inspired by the solution to generate a custom UI5 library providing the Web Components control wrappers for the native ones.
8 Best Automated Android App Testing Tool and Framework in 2024.pdfkalichargn70th171
Regarding mobile operating systems, two major players dominate our thoughts: Android and iPhone. With Android leading the market, software development companies are focused on delivering apps compatible with this OS. Ensuring an app's functionality across various Android devices, OS versions, and hardware specifications is critical, making Android app testing essential.
Flutter is a popular open source, cross-platform framework developed by Google. In this webinar we'll explore Flutter and its architecture, delve into the Flutter Embedder and Flutter’s Dart language, discover how to leverage Flutter for embedded device development, learn about Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) and its consortium and understand the rationale behind AGL's choice of Flutter for next-gen IVI systems. Don’t miss this opportunity to discover whether Flutter is right for your project.
Malibou Pitch Deck For Its €3M Seed Roundsjcobrien
French start-up Malibou raised a €3 million Seed Round to develop its payroll and human resources
management platform for VSEs and SMEs. The financing round was led by investors Breega, Y Combinator, and FCVC.
UI5con 2024 - Boost Your Development Experience with UI5 Tooling ExtensionsPeter Muessig
The UI5 tooling is the development and build tooling of UI5. It is built in a modular and extensible way so that it can be easily extended by your needs. This session will showcase various tooling extensions which can boost your development experience by far so that you can really work offline, transpile your code in your project to use even newer versions of EcmaScript (than 2022 which is supported right now by the UI5 tooling), consume any npm package of your choice in your project, using different kind of proxies, and even stitching UI5 projects during development together to mimic your target environment.
DECODING JAVA THREAD DUMPS: MASTER THE ART OF ANALYSISTier1 app
Are you ready to unlock the secrets hidden within Java thread dumps? Join us for a hands-on session where we'll delve into effective troubleshooting patterns to swiftly identify the root causes of production problems. Discover the right tools, techniques, and best practices while exploring *real-world case studies of major outages* in Fortune 500 enterprises. Engage in interactive lab exercises where you'll have the opportunity to troubleshoot thread dumps and uncover performance issues firsthand. Join us and become a master of Java thread dump analysis!
Preparing Non - Technical Founders for Engaging a Tech AgencyISH Technologies
Preparing non-technical founders before engaging a tech agency is crucial for the success of their projects. It starts with clearly defining their vision and goals, conducting thorough market research, and gaining a basic understanding of relevant technologies. Setting realistic expectations and preparing a detailed project brief are essential steps. Founders should select a tech agency with a proven track record and establish clear communication channels. Additionally, addressing legal and contractual considerations and planning for post-launch support are vital to ensure a smooth and successful collaboration. This preparation empowers non-technical founders to effectively communicate their needs and work seamlessly with their chosen tech agency.Visit our site to get more details about this. Contact us today www.ishtechnologies.com.au
E-Invoicing Implementation: A Step-by-Step Guide for Saudi Arabian CompaniesQuickdice ERP
Explore the seamless transition to e-invoicing with this comprehensive guide tailored for Saudi Arabian businesses. Navigate the process effortlessly with step-by-step instructions designed to streamline implementation and enhance efficiency.
Measures in SQL (SIGMOD 2024, Santiago, Chile)Julian Hyde
SQL has attained widespread adoption, but Business Intelligence tools still use their own higher level languages based upon a multidimensional paradigm. Composable calculations are what is missing from SQL, and we propose a new kind of column, called a measure, that attaches a calculation to a table. Like regular tables, tables with measures are composable and closed when used in queries.
SQL-with-measures has the power, conciseness and reusability of multidimensional languages but retains SQL semantics. Measure invocations can be expanded in place to simple, clear SQL.
To define the evaluation semantics for measures, we introduce context-sensitive expressions (a way to evaluate multidimensional expressions that is consistent with existing SQL semantics), a concept called evaluation context, and several operations for setting and modifying the evaluation context.
A talk at SIGMOD, June 9–15, 2024, Santiago, Chile
Authors: Julian Hyde (Google) and John Fremlin (Google)
https://doi.org/10.1145/3626246.3653374
Microservice Teams - How the cloud changes the way we workSven Peters
A lot of technical challenges and complexity come with building a cloud-native and distributed architecture. The way we develop backend software has fundamentally changed in the last ten years. Managing a microservices architecture demands a lot of us to ensure observability and operational resiliency. But did you also change the way you run your development teams?
Sven will talk about Atlassian’s journey from a monolith to a multi-tenanted architecture and how it affected the way the engineering teams work. You will learn how we shifted to service ownership, moved to more autonomous teams (and its challenges), and established platform and enablement teams.
Unveiling the Advantages of Agile Software Development.pdfbrainerhub1
Learn about Agile Software Development's advantages. Simplify your workflow to spur quicker innovation. Jump right in! We have also discussed the advantages.
Baha Majid WCA4Z IBM Z Customer Council Boston June 2024.pdfBaha Majid
IBM watsonx Code Assistant for Z, our latest Generative AI-assisted mainframe application modernization solution. Mainframe (IBM Z) application modernization is a topic that every mainframe client is addressing to various degrees today, driven largely from digital transformation. With generative AI comes the opportunity to reimagine the mainframe application modernization experience. Infusing generative AI will enable speed and trust, help de-risk, and lower total costs associated with heavy-lifting application modernization initiatives. This document provides an overview of the IBM watsonx Code Assistant for Z which uses the power of generative AI to make it easier for developers to selectively modernize COBOL business services while maintaining mainframe qualities of service.
E-commerce Development Services- Hornet DynamicsHornet Dynamics
For any business hoping to succeed in the digital age, having a strong online presence is crucial. We offer Ecommerce Development Services that are customized according to your business requirements and client preferences, enabling you to create a dynamic, safe, and user-friendly online store.
Odoo releases a new update every year. The latest version, Odoo 17, came out in October 2023. It brought many improvements to the user interface and user experience, along with new features in modules like accounting, marketing, manufacturing, websites, and more.
The Odoo 17 update has been a hot topic among startups, mid-sized businesses, large enterprises, and Odoo developers aiming to grow their businesses. Since it is now already the first quarter of 2024, you must have a clear idea of what Odoo 17 entails and what it can offer your business if you are still not aware of it.
This blog covers the features and functionalities. Explore the entire blog and get in touch with expert Odoo ERP consultants to leverage Odoo 17 and its features for your business too.
An Overview of Odoo ERP
Odoo ERP was first released as OpenERP software in February 2005. It is a suite of business applications used for ERP, CRM, eCommerce, websites, and project management. Ten years ago, the Odoo Enterprise edition was launched to help fund the Odoo Community version.
When you compare Odoo Community and Enterprise, the Enterprise edition offers exclusive features like mobile app access, Odoo Studio customisation, Odoo hosting, and unlimited functional support.
Today, Odoo is a well-known name used by companies of all sizes across various industries, including manufacturing, retail, accounting, marketing, healthcare, IT consulting, and R&D.
The latest version, Odoo 17, has been available since October 2023. Key highlights of this update include:
Enhanced user experience with improvements to the command bar, faster backend page loading, and multiple dashboard views.
Instant report generation, credit limit alerts for sales and invoices, separate OCR settings for invoice creation, and an auto-complete feature for forms in the accounting module.
Improved image handling and global attribute changes for mailing lists in email marketing.
A default auto-signature option and a refuse-to-sign option in HR modules.
Options to divide and merge manufacturing orders, track the status of manufacturing orders, and more in the MRP module.
Dark mode in Odoo 17.
Now that the Odoo 17 announcement is official, let’s look at what’s new in Odoo 17!
What is Odoo ERP 17?
Odoo 17 is the latest version of one of the world’s leading open-source enterprise ERPs. This version has come up with significant improvements explained here in this blog. Also, this new version aims to introduce features that enhance time-saving, efficiency, and productivity for users across various organisations.
Odoo 17, released at the Odoo Experience 2023, brought notable improvements to the user interface and added new functionalities with enhancements in performance, accessibility, data analysis, and management, further expanding its reach in the market.
Unlock the Secrets to Effortless Video Creation with Invideo: Your Ultimate G...The Third Creative Media
"Navigating Invideo: A Comprehensive Guide" is an essential resource for anyone looking to master Invideo, an AI-powered video creation tool. This guide provides step-by-step instructions, helpful tips, and comparisons with other AI video creators. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced video editor, you'll find valuable insights to enhance your video projects and bring your creative ideas to life.
2. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 2
Overview: modeling with UML
What is modeling?
What is UML?
Use case diagrams
Class diagrams
Next lecture
Sequence diagrams
Activity diagrams
3. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 3
What is modeling?
Modeling consists of building an abstraction of reality.
Abstractions are simplifications because:
They ignore irrelevant details and
They only represent the relevant details.
What is relevant or irrelevant depends on the purpose of the
model.
4. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 4
Example: street map
5. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 5
Why model software?
Why model software?
Software is getting increasingly more complex
Windows XP > 40 mio lines of code
A single programmer cannot manage this amount of code in its
entirety.
Code is not easily understandable by developers who did not
write it
We need simpler representations for complex systems
Modeling is a mean for dealing with complexity
6. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 6
Systems, Models and Views
A model is an abstraction describing a subset of a system
A view depicts selected aspects of a model
A notation is a set of graphical or textual rules for depicting views
Views and models of a single system may overlap each other
Examples:
System: Aircraft
Models: Flight simulator, scale model
Views: All blueprints, electrical wiring, fuel system
7. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 7
Systems, Models and Views
System
View 1
Model 2
View 2
View 3
Model 1
Aircraft
Flightsimulator
Scale Model
Blueprints
Electrical
Wiring
8. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 8
Models, Views and Systems (UML)
System Model View
*
*
Depicted by
Described by
Airplane: System
Blueprints: View Fuel System: View Electrical Wiring: View
Scale Model: Model Flight Simulator: Model
9. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 9
Concepts and Phenomena
Phenomenon
An object in the world of a domain as you perceive it
Example: The lecture you are attending
Example: My black watch
Concept
Describes the properties of phenomena that are common.
Example: Lectures on software engineering
Example: Black watches
Concept is a 3-tuple:
Name (To distinguish it from other concepts)
Purpose (Properties that determine if a phenomenon is a member of
a concept)
Members (The set of phenomena which are part of the concept)
10. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 10
Abstraction
Classification of phenomena into concepts
Modeling
Development of abstractions to answer specific questions about a set of
phenomena while ignoring irrelevant details.
Members
Name
Clock
Purpose
A device that
measures time.
Concepts and phenomena
11. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 11
Concepts in software: Type and Instance
Type:
An abstraction in the context of programming languages
Name: int, Purpose: integral number, Members: 0, -1, 1, 2,
-2, . . .
Instance:
Member of a specific type
The type of a variable represents all possible instances the
variable can take
The following relationships are similar:
“type” <–> “instance”
“concept” <–> “phenomenon”
12. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 12
Abstract Data Types & Classes
Abstract data type
Special type whose implementation is hidden
from the rest of the system.
Class:
An abstraction in the context of object-
oriented languages
Like an abstract data type, a class
encapsulates both state (variables) and
behavior (methods)
Class Vector
Unlike abstract data types, classes can be
defined in terms of other classes using
inheritance
Watch
time
date
CalculatorWatch
SetDate(d)
EnterCalcMode()
InputNumber(n)
calculatorState
13. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 13
Application and Solution Domain
Application Domain (Requirements Analysis):
The environment in which the system is operating
Solution Domain (System Design, Object Design):
The available technologies to build the system
14. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 14
Object-oriented modeling
Application Domain Solution Domain
Application Domain Model System Model
Aircraft
TrafficController
FlightPlan Airport
MapDisplay
FlightPlanDatabase
SummaryDisplay
TrafficControl
TrafficControl
UML Package
15. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 15
What is UML?
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
An emerging standard for modeling object-oriented software.
Resulted from the convergence of notations from three leading
object-oriented methods:
OMT (James Rumbaugh)
OOSE (Ivar Jacobson)
Booch (Grady Booch)
Reference: “The Unified Modeling Language User Guide”,
Addison Wesley, 1999.
Supported by several CASE tools
Rational ROSE
TogetherJ
16. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 16
UML: First Pass
You can model 80% of most problems by using about 20 %
UML
We teach you those 20%
17. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 17
UML First Pass
Use case Diagrams
Describe the functional behavior of the system as seen by the user.
Class diagrams
Describe the static structure of the system: Objects, Attributes,
Associations
Sequence diagrams
Describe the dynamic behavior between actors and the system and
between objects of the system
Statechart diagrams
Describe the dynamic behavior of an individual object (essentially a
finite state automaton)
Activity Diagrams
Model the dynamic behavior of a system, in particular the workflow
(essentially a flowchart)
18. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 18
UML first pass: Use case diagrams
WatchUser WatchRepairPerson
ReadTime
SetTime
ChangeBattery
Actor
Use case
Package
Watch
Use case diagrams represent the functionality of the system
from user’s point of view
19. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 19
UML first pass: Class diagrams
1
2
push()
release()
1
1
blinkIdx
blinkSeconds()
blinkMinutes()
blinkHours()
stopBlinking()
referesh()
LCDDisplay Battery
load
1
2
1
Time
now
1
Watch
Class
Association
Multiplicity
Attribute
Operations
Class diagrams represent the structure of the system
state
PushButton
20. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 20
UML first pass: Sequence diagram
:LCDDisplay
blinkHours()
blinkMinutes()
refresh()
commitNewTime()
:Time
incrementMinutes()
stopBlinking()
:Watch
pressButton1()
pressButton2()
pressButtons1And2()
pressButton1()
:WatchUser
Object
Message
Activation
Sequence diagrams represent the behavior as interactions
Actor
Lifeline
21. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 21
UML first pass: Statechart diagrams for objects
with interesting dynamic behavior
BlinkHours
BlinkMinutes
IncrementHrs
IncrementMin.
BlinkSeconds IncrementSec.
StopBlinking
[button1&2Pressed]
[button1Pressed]
[button2Pressed]
[button2Pressed]
[button2Pressed]
[button1Pressed]
[button1&2Pressed]
[button1&2Pressed]
State
Initial state
Final state
Transition
Event
Represent behavior as states and transitions
22. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 22
Other UML Notations
UML provide other notations that we will be introduced in
subsequent lectures, as needed.
Implementation diagrams
Component diagrams
Deployment diagrams
Introduced in lecture on System Design
Object constraint language
Introduced in lecture on Object Design
23. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 23
UML Core Conventions
Rectangles are classes or instances
Ovals are functions or use cases
Instances are denoted with an underlined names
myWatch:SimpleWatch
Joe:Firefighter
Types are denoted with non underlined names
SimpleWatch
Firefighter
Diagrams are graphs
Nodes are entities
Arcs are relationships between entities
24. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 24
Use Case Diagrams
Used during requirements
elicitation to represent external
behavior
Actors represent roles, that is, a
type of user of the system
Use cases represent a sequence of
interaction for a type of
functionality
The use case model is the set of
all use cases. It is a complete
description of the functionality of
the system and its environment
Passenger
PurchaseTicket
25. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 25
Actors
An actor models an external entity which
communicates with the system:
User
External system
Physical environment
An actor has a unique name and an optional
description.
Examples:
Passenger: A person in the train
GPS satellite: Provides the system with GPS
coordinates
Passenger
26. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 26
Use Case
A use case represents a class of
functionality provided by the system as
an event flow.
A use case consists of:
Unique name
Participating actors
Entry conditions
Flow of events
Exit conditions
Special requirements
PurchaseTicket
27. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 27
Use Case Diagram: Example
Name: Purchase ticket
Participating actor: Passenger
Entry condition:
Passenger standing in front of
ticket distributor.
Passenger has sufficient money
to purchase ticket.
Exit condition:
Passenger has ticket.
Event flow:
1. Passenger selects the number of
zones to be traveled.
2. Distributor displays the amount
due.
3. Passenger inserts money, of at
least the amount due.
4. Distributor returns change.
5. Distributor issues ticket.
Anything missing?
Exceptional cases!
28. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 28
The <<extends>> Relationship
<<extends>> relationships
represent exceptional or seldom
invoked cases.
The exceptional event flows are
factored out of the main event flow
for clarity.
Use cases representing exceptional
flows can extend more than one
use case.
The direction of a <<extends>>
relationship is to the extended use
case
Passenger
PurchaseTicket
TimeOut
<<extends>>
NoChange
<<extends>>
OutOfOrder
<<extends>>
Cancel
<<extends>>
29. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 29
The <<includes>> Relationship
<<includes>> relationship
represents behavior that is factored
out of the use case.
<<includes>> behavior is
factored out for reuse, not because
it is an exception.
The direction of a <<includes>>
relationship is to the using use case
(unlike <<extends>>
relationships).
Passenger
PurchaseSingleTicket
PurchaseMultiCard
NoChange
<<extends>>
Cancel
<<extends>>
<<includes>>
CollectMoney
<<includes>>
30. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 30
Use Case Diagrams: Summary
Use case diagrams represent external behavior
Use case diagrams are useful as an index into the use cases
Use case descriptions provide meat of model, not the use case
diagrams.
All use cases need to be described for the model to be useful.
31. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 31
Class Diagrams
Class diagrams represent the structure of the system.
Used
during requirements analysis to model problem domain concepts
during system design to model subsystems and interfaces
during object design to model classes.
Enumeration getZones()
Price getPrice(Zone)
TarifSchedule
* *
Trip
zone:Zone
Price: Price
32. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 32
Classes
A class represent a concept
A class encapsulates state (attributes) and behavior (operations).
Each attribute has a type.
Each operation has a signature.
The class name is the only mandatory information.
zone2price
getZones()
getPrice()
TarifSchedule
Table zone2price
Enumeration getZones()
Price getPrice(Zone)
TarifSchedule
Name
Attributes
Operations
Signature
TarifSchedule
33. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 33
Instances
An instance represents a phenomenon.
The name of an instance is underlined and can contain the class of the
instance.
The attributes are represented with their values.
zone2price = {
{‘1’, .20},
{‘2’, .40},
{‘3’, .60}}
tarif_1974:TarifSchedule
34. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 34
Actor vs Instances
What is the difference between an actor , a class and an
instance?
Actor:
An entity outside the system to be modeled, interacting with the
system (“Passenger”)
Class:
An abstraction modeling an entity in the problem domain, must be
modeled inside the system (“User”)
Object:
A specific instance of a class (“Joe, the passenger who is purchasing
a ticket from the ticket distributor”).
35. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 35
Price
Zone
Associations
Associations denote relationships between classes.
The multiplicity of an association end denotes how many objects the source
object can legitimately reference.
Enumeration getZones()
Price getPrice(Zone)
TarifSchedule TripLeg
* *
36. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 36
1-to-1 and 1-to-many Associations
Country
name:String
City
name:String
Has-capital
Polygon
draw()
Point
x: Integer
y: Integer
One-to-one association
One-to-many association
*
*
37. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 37
Many-to-Many Associations
StockExchange Company
tickerSymbol
Lists
*
*
StockExchange Company
Lists 1
*
tickerSymbol SX_ID
38. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 38
From Problem Statement To Object Model
Problem Statement: A stock exchange lists many companies. Each
company is uniquely identified by a ticker symbol
Class Diagram:
StockExchange Company
tickerSymbol
Lists
*
*
39. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 39
From Problem Statement to Code
public class StockExchange
{
private Vector m_Company = new Vector();
};
public class Company
{
public int m_tickerSymbol;
private Vector m_StockExchange = new Vector();
};
Problem Statement : A stock exchange lists many companies.
Each company is identified by a ticker Symbol
Class Diagram:
Java Code
StockExchange Company
tickerSymbol
Lists
*
*
40. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 40
Aggregation
An aggregation is a special case of association denoting a “consists of”
hierarchy.
The aggregate is the parent class, the components are the children class.
A solid diamond denotes composition, a strong form of aggregation where
components cannot exist without the aggregate. (Bill of Material)
TicketMachine
ZoneButton
3
Exhaust system
Muffler
diameter
Tailpipe
diameter
1 0..2
Exhaust system
Muffler
diameter
Tailpipe
diameter
1 0..2
41. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 41
Qualifiers
Qualifiers can be used to reduce the multiplicity of an
association.
Directory
File
filename
Without qualification
1 *
With qualification
Directory File
0…1
1
filename
42. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 42
Inheritance
The children classes inherit the attributes and operations of the
parent class.
Inheritance simplifies the model by eliminating redundancy.
Button
ZoneButton
CancelButton
43. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 43
Object Modeling in Practice: Class Identification
Foo
Betrag
CustomerId
Deposit()
Withdraw()
GetBalance()
Class Identification: Name of Class, Attributes and Methods
44. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 44
Object Modeling in Practice:
Encourage Brainstorming
Foo
Betrag
CustomerId
Deposit()
Withdraw()
GetBalance()
Account
Betrag
CustomerId
Deposit()
Withdraw()
GetBalance()
Naming is important!
Is Foo the right name?
“Dada”
Betrag
CustomerId
Deposit()
Withdraw()
GetBalance()
45. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 45
Object Modeling in Practice ctd
Account
Betrag
Deposit()
Withdraw()
GetBalance()
Customer
Name
CustomerId
1) Find New Objects
CustomerId
AccountId
2) Iterate on Names, Attributes and Methods
Bank
Name
46. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 46
Object Modeling in Practice: A Banking System
Account
Betrag
Deposit()
Withdraw()
GetBalance()
Customer
Name
CustomerId
CustomerId
AccountI
d
AccountId
Bank
Name
1) Find New Objects
2) Iterate on Names, Attributes and Methods
3) Find Associations between Objects
Has
4) Label the assocations
5) Determine the multiplicity of the assocations
*
47. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 47
Practice Object Modeling: Iterate, Categorize!
Customer
Name
CustomerId()
Account
Amount
Deposit()
Withdraw()
GetBalance()
CustomerId
AccountI
d
AccountId
Bank
Name Has
*
*
Savings
Account
Withdraw()
Checking
Account
Withdraw()
Mortgage
Account
Withdraw()
48. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 48
Packages
A package is a UML mechanism for organizing elements into
groups (usually not an application domain concept)
Packages are the basic grouping construct with which you may
organize UML models to increase their readability.
A complex system can be decomposed into subsystems, where
each subsystem is modeled as a package
DispatcherInterface
Notification IncidentManagement
49. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 49
UML sequence diagrams
Used during requirements analysis
To refine use case descriptions
to find additional objects
(“participating objects”)
Used during system design
to refine subsystem interfaces
Classes are represented by
columns
Messages are represented by
arrows
Activations are represented by
narrow rectangles
Lifelines are represented by
dashed lines
selectZone()
pickupChange()
pickUpTicket()
insertCoins()
Passenger
TicketMachine
50. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 50
Nested messages
The source of an arrow indicates the activation which sent the message
An activation is as long as all nested activations
Horizontal dashed arrows indicate data flow
Vertical dashed lines indicate lifelines
selectZone()
Passenger
ZoneButton TarifSchedule Display
lookupPrice(selection)
displayPrice(price)
price
Dataflow
…to be continued...
51. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 51
Iteration & condition
Iteration is denoted by a * preceding the message name
Condition is denoted by boolean expression in [ ] before the message
name
Passenger
ChangeProcessor
insertChange(coin)
CoinIdentifier Display CoinDrop
displayPrice(owedAmount)
lookupCoin(coin)
price
[owedAmount<0] returnChange(-owedAmount)
Iteration
Condition
…to be continued...
…continued from previous slide...
*
52. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 52
Creation and destruction
Creation is denoted by a message arrow pointing to the object.
Destruction is denoted by an X mark at the end of the destruction activation.
In garbage collection environments, destruction can be used to denote the
end of the useful life of an object.
Passenger
ChangeProcessor
…continued from previous slide...
Ticket
createTicket(selection)
free()
Creation
Destruction
print()
53. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 53
Sequence Diagram Summary
UML sequence diagram represent behavior in terms of
interactions.
Useful to find missing objects.
Time consuming to build but worth the investment.
Complement the class diagrams (which represent structure).
54. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 54
State Chart Diagrams
BlinkHours
BlinkMinutes
IncrementHrs
IncrementMin.
BlinkSeconds IncrementSec.
StopBlinking
[button1&2Pressed]
[button1Pressed]
[button2Pressed]
[button2Pressed]
[button2Pressed]
[button1Pressed]
[button1&2Pressed]
[button1&2Pressed]
State
Initial state
Final state
Transition
Event
Represent behavior as states and transitions
55. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 55
Activity Diagrams
An activity diagram shows flow control within a system
An activity diagram is a special case of a state chart diagram in
which states are activities (“functions”)
Two types of states:
Action state:
Cannot be decomposed any further
Happens “instantaneously” with respect to the level of abstraction
used in the model
Activity state:
Can be decomposed further
The activity is modeled by another activity diagram
Handle
Incident
Document
Incident
Archive
Incident
56. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 56
Statechart Diagram vs. Activity Diagram
Handle
Incident
Document
Incident
Archive
Incident
Active Inactive Closed Archived
Incident-
Handled
Incident-
Documented
Incident-
Archived
Statechart Diagram for Incident (similar to Mealy Automaton)
(State: Attribute or Collection of Attributes of object of type Incident)
Activity Diagram for Incident (similar to Moore
(State: Operation or Collection of Operations)
Triggerless
Transition
Completion of activity
causes state transition
Event causes
State transition
57. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 57
Activity Diagram: Modeling Decisions
Open
Incident
Notify
Police Chief
Notify
Fire Chief
Allocate
Resources
[fire & highPriority]
[not fire & highPriority]
[lowPriority]
58. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 58
Activity Diagrams: Modeling Concurrency
Synchronization of multiple activities
Splitting the flow of control into multiple threads
Open
Incident
Allocate
Resources
Coordinate
Resources
Document
Incident
Archive
Incident
Synchronization
Splitting
59. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 59
Activity Diagrams: Swimlanes
Actions may be grouped into swimlanes to denote the object or
subsystem that implements the actions.
Open
Incident
Allocate
Resources
Coordinate
Resources
Document
Incident
Archive
Incident
Dispatcher
FieldOfficer
60. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 60
What should be done first? Coding or Modeling?
It all depends….
Forward Engineering:
Creation of code from a model
Greenfield projects
Reverse Engineering:
Creation of a model from code
Interface or reengineering projects
Roundtrip Engineering:
Move constantly between forward and reverse engineering
Useful when requirements, technology and schedule are changing
frequently
61. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 61
UML Summary
UML provides a wide variety of notations for representing
many aspects of software development
Powerful, but complex language
Can be misused to generate unreadable models
Can be misunderstood when using too many exotic features
For now we concentrate on a few notations:
Functional model: Use case diagram
Object model: class diagram
Dynamic model: sequence diagrams, statechart and activity
diagrams
62. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 62
Additional Slides
63. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 63
Models for Plato’s and Aristotle’s Views of Reality
Plato
Material reality is a second-class
subordinate type of reality.
The first-class type is a “form”
Forms lie behind every thing or in
the world. Forms can be abstract
nouns like “beauty” or “mammal”
or concrete nouns like “tree” or
“horse”.
There is an important difference
between the world of forms and
particulars. Forms are nonmaterial,
particulars are material. Forms are
permanent and changeless.
Particulars are changing.
Forms can be acquired
intellectually through a “dialectic”
process that moves toward the
highest understanding of reality
through the interaction of questions
and answers.
Aristotle accepted the reality of Forms as
nonmaterial entities.
However, he could not accept Plato’s idea,
that these Forms were not real.
Instead of two separate worlds, one for
Forms and one for Particulars, Aristotle
had only one world, a world of particular
things.
Particular things according to Aristotle
have a certain permance about them, even
while they are subject to change: A tree
changes colors without ceasing to be a
tree. A horse grows in size without ceasing
to be a horse.
What is the root of this permancence? It is
the thing’s internal form, which minds
detect, when they penetrate beyond the
thing’s changing attributes. So for
Aristotle, reality is thus made up of
particular things that are each composed of
form antdn matter..
Aristotle
Using UML, we can illustrate Platon’s and Aristotle’s viewpoints very easily
and see their differences as well
64. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 64
Model for Plato’s View of Reality
Plato
Thing
Form
Reality
Particular
*
Material reality is a second-
class subordinate type of
reality.
The first-class type is a “form”
Forms lie behind every thing or
in the world. Forms can be
abstract nouns like “beauty” or
“mammal” or concrete nouns
like “tree” or “horse”.
There is an important difference
between the world of forms and
particulars. Forms are
nonmaterial, particulars are
material. Forms are permanent
and changeless. Particulars are
changing.
Forms can be acquired
intellectually through a
“dialectic” process that moves
toward the highest
understanding of reality
65. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 65
Model Aristotle’s Views of Reality
Aristotle
Matter
Reality
Substance
*
Form
Aristotle accepted the reality of
Forms as nonmaterial entities.
However, he could not accept
Plato’s idea, that these Forms were
not real.
Instead of two separate worlds, one
for Forms and one for Particulars,
Aristotle had only one world, a
world of particular things.
Particular things according to
Aristotle have a certain permance
about them, even while they are
subject to change: A tree changes
colors without ceasing to be a tree.
A horse grows in size without
ceasing to be a horse.
What is the root of this
permancence? It is the thing’s
internal form, which minds detect,
when they penetrate beyond the
thing’s changing attributes. So for
Aristotle, reality is thus made up of
particular things that are each
composed of form antdn matter..
66. Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns, and Java 66
Comparison of Plato’s and Aristotle’s Views
Plato Aristotle
Matter
Reality
Substance
*
Form
Thing
Form
Reality
Particular
*