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ENDOSONOGRAFIA
        EUS

Dr. Altin CEKODHIMA   Dr. Emrah ALPER
CFARE ESHTE ENDOSONOGRAFIA?


 Jane sonda ultrasonografike ne forme lineare dhe radiale
  te bashkengjitura ne endoskop me pamje anesore ose
  ballore. ( ekoendoskop )

 Ekoendoskopet lidhen me aparaturat standarte te
  US(ekos) dhe japin imazhe ultrasonografike

 Ne aparaturat Endosonografike perdoren software te
  doplerit qe perdoren ne USG per te matur rrymen,
  elasticitetin, harmonine e indeve, dhe imazhe me lende
  kontrastuese te eneve te gjakut.
LLOJET E ENDOSONOGRAFISE

 Endosonografia radiale ;
    perdoret per qellimet diagnostike
    jep pamje ballore endoskopike
    eshte me e lehte ne perdorim
    jep pamje imazherike te ngjashme me tomografine e
      kompjuterizuar 360°

 Endosonografia lineare ;
    perdoret per qellime terapeutike dhe intervencioniste
    jep pamje laterate endoskopike
    eshte me e veshtire ne perdorim dhe kerkon sedacion
    jep pamje te ngjashme me ultrasonografine 130°
EUS DİAGNOSTİKE
       (PREJ VITIT 1980 DERI NE DITET E SOTME);


Me pamjet imazherike, marrjen e biopsise ne lezionet e vrejtura
dhe stadifikimin e tumoreve ka nje perdorim te gjere si me poshte:



 Vleresimin e paretit dhe te lumenit te traktit gastrointenstinal

 Organet qe kufizohen me lumenin gastrointenstinal (mediastini,
  hapesira perirektale, tiroidet, hapesira celiake etj)

 Parenkima e pankreasit dhe strukturat qe kufizojne parenkimen



 Vijat biliare extrahepatike
EUS TERAPEUTIKE
            (PREJ VITIT 2000 NE DITET E SOTME);

 Bllokun dhe neurolizen e plexusit celiak

 Cistogastrostomine

                    perdorim ne faze eksperimentale

 Drenazhet gastrobiliare dhe koledokoduodenal

 Markimet tumorale

 Brakioterapine intratumorale

 Terapine me antikorpe intratumorale
PERPARESITE E EUS;
 Nuk ka pengese per shkak te obezitetit dhe gazrave

 Struktura anatomike qe ekzaminohet eshte shume afer sondes.
( mund te ekzaminohen dhe lezione shume te vegjel)

 Valet ultrasonografike qe perdoren kane frekuence shume te larte
  (5- 20 MHz)

 Te jep mundesi per marrje imazhesh dhe biopsi ne struktura
  anatomike qe nuk mund te arrihen ne menyre transabdominale

 Avantazhet e tjera te USG standarte ( dallimi cistik-solid, pa
  radiacion, dhe pamjet real time etj)
PORTAL VENÖZ SİSTEM




             SPLENİK VEN
                             PANKREAS



SUPERİOR MEZ. VEN                  PORTAL VEN

                 PORTAL KONFLUENS

                                         KARACİĞER
PANKREAS BAŞI




                            PORTAL VEN


                  KOLEDOK




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                PANKREAS BAŞI
PANKREAS GÖVDESİ




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                   PANKREAS GÖVDE



                                            RENAL VEN
FUSHA E PERDORIMIT
 Ekzaminimi dhe marrje biopsie e limfadenopative te
  mediastinit

 Stadifikimi lokal sipas shtresave dhe infiltrimit I
  tumoreve te ezofagut

 Marrja e biopsise se lezioneve subepiteliale te
  paretit e ezofagut

 Stadifikimi lokal I tumoreve gastrike

 Marrja e biopsise se lezioneve subepiteliale te
  paretit gastrik
MİDE CA MALİGN LAP
MİDE LEIMYOSARKOM
ÖZÖFAGUS LEIOMYOM
GIST
KESENİN MİDEYE BASISI
GASTRİK LENFOMA
PERİGASTRİK KOLLATERALLER
FUSHA E PERDORIMIT
 Ekzaminimi I natyres se obstruksionit te
  koledokut dhe nese nevojitet marrja e biopsise
  per ekzaminim citologjik

 Diagnostikimi I gureve te koledokut
  (koledokolitiazis)

 Klasifikimi lokal I tumoreve te koledokut

 Drenazhimet koledoko-duodenal

 Drenazhimet gastro- biliare
DİSTAL KOLANJİO CA
KOLEDOK TAŞLARI
KESE TÜMÖRÜ
KR PANKREATİT DİSTAL
KOLEDOK BASISI
İNTRAHEPATİK KLATSKİN TM
FUSHA E PERDORIMIT
 Klasifikimi lokal I tumoreve te rektumit

 Ekzaminimi dhe drenimi I absceve perirektale

 Ekzaminimi I abseve dhe fistulave perianale

 Klasifikimi lokal dhe marrja e biopsive te
  tumoreve te prostates
REKTUM CA
FUSHA E PERDORIMIT
 Marrja e biopsive nga masat e Pankreasit

 Stadifikimi lokal I kancerit te pankreasit

 Aspirimi I kisteve dhe tumoreve kistike te
  pankreasit

 Drenimi gastrik I pseudokisteve te pankreasit

 Drenimi gastrik I absceve peripankreatik

 Diagnostikimi I hershem I pankreatitit kronik.
PANKREAS BAŞ TM




                           PORTAL VEN
                  KOLEDO
                  K



                                        KİTLE
SPLENİK VEN İNVAZE TM




           KİTLE




                        SPLENİK VEN DİSTALİ
PANKREATİK KANAL TM




                                  PORTAL VEN


                              KOLEDOK




                              PANKREATİK KANAL




                      KİTLE
VASKÜLER İNVAZYON (LİNEER)




                             SPLENİK ARTER
VASKÜLER İNVAZE TM




              İNVAZYON SEGMENTİ   KİTLE
SPLENİK VEN TROMBÜSÜ




             TROMBÜS


                   PANKREAS
                                     SUP MEZ ARTER




                       SPLENİK VEN
PANKREAS GÖVDE KİTLE




          KİTLE
PANKREAS TM BİOPSİ




                             İĞNE


                     KİTLE
DÜZENSİZ PANKREATİK KANAL




                               PANKREATİK KANAL




                            PANKREAS
KR PANKREATİT
FUSHA E PERDORIMIT
 Neurolize e pleksusit celiak

 Vendosja e markerit radjoterapik

 Brakiterapi
         (radioactive iodine seeds (125I)

 Injektimi I agjenteve Anti-Tumorale
        (5 fluorouracil (200 mg/m2/day, for 5 days, mixed
  lymphocyte culture (Cytoimplant), anti-tumor viral therapy
  (ONYX-015)
ÇÖLİAK NÖROLİZ

                 ÇÖLİAK ARTER




                                AORTA
MASAT SOLIDE TE PANKREASIT
Percaktohet:
 Perberja ( masa, ekogjeniteti, nekroza)

 Infiltrimi vaskular dhe raportin me: ( vena
  portae, vena mezenterica sup, arteria
  mezanterica sup, arteria splenica, arteria
  celiacae)

 Raporti me organet fqinje ( koledoku, duodeni,
  pareti gastrik, hepari)

 Gjendrat lymphatice perreth ( celiak, periaortik,
  peripancreatic, hilear, mediastinal)
VLERA DIAGNOSTIKE
 EUS`ja eshte menyra imazherike me sensitive
  jo kirurgjikale ne diagnostikimin e masave malinje
  ose beninje te pankreasit.

 Ka nje sensitivitet diagnostikimi 85 – 100 %, dhe
  specifitet 92 – 98 %.
 Sensitiviteti ne klasifikim eshte 90 – 97 %.
 Sensitiviteti ne vleresimin e invazionit vaskular
  eshte 85 – 97 %
VLERA E PERDORIMIT TE EUS
 Perdorimi i endosonografise dhe FNA-se ne
  diagnostikimin dhe klasifikimin e dyshimeve te
  tumorit te pankresit ka nje kosto efikasitet te
  larte

 Ne diagnostikimin e masave solide te pankreasit,
  EUS – FNA ka nje sensitivitet 95 % dhe
  specifitet 92 % , dhe percaktim 94.1 %
DISAVANTAZHET E EUS;
 Hapesire te kufizuar ekzaminimi ( max 7 cm)
 Ka perdorim te kufizuar ne crregullimet e teresise anatomike
 ( operacionet GIS etj)
 Eshte e pamjaftueshme ne ndarjen e benign – malign ( ka parashikim
  te larte)
 Ndjehet nevoja e biopsise ( nevojitje e EUS – FNA)
 Eshte e pamjaftueshme ne dallimin e mases me inflamacionin ( krijon
  probleme ne klasifikimin e tumoreve)
 Eshte e pamjaftueshme ne dallimin e limfadenopative reaktive –
  malign ( ka parashikim te larte)
 Ne klasifikimet e tumoreve te Pankreasit, GIS superior dhe Rektale
  ka nevoje per ekzaminime te tjera ( CT, MRI, PET etj. ) duhet te
  perdoret bashke me to
SI MUND TE ZGJIDHIM NJE PJESE
            TE DIZAVANTAZHEVE?
 Mund te zgjidhim problemet qe rrjedhin nga permasat e
  ekoendoskopit dhe prishjeve anatomike duke perdorur probe mini
  qe kalojne brenda endoskopit standart. ( qe perdoren aktualisht)

 Duke perdorur agjent kontrasti ultrasonik mund te ekzaminojme
  vaskularitetin intratumoral.

 Mund te perdorim Elastografine per te matur elasticitetin e
  indeve. ( perdoret ne pak qendra dhe kerkon pervoje.)

 Mund te perdorim se bashku agjentin kontrastues dhe
  elastografine.

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Cfare eshte endosonografia.

  • 1. ENDOSONOGRAFIA EUS Dr. Altin CEKODHIMA Dr. Emrah ALPER
  • 2. CFARE ESHTE ENDOSONOGRAFIA?  Jane sonda ultrasonografike ne forme lineare dhe radiale te bashkengjitura ne endoskop me pamje anesore ose ballore. ( ekoendoskop )  Ekoendoskopet lidhen me aparaturat standarte te US(ekos) dhe japin imazhe ultrasonografike  Ne aparaturat Endosonografike perdoren software te doplerit qe perdoren ne USG per te matur rrymen, elasticitetin, harmonine e indeve, dhe imazhe me lende kontrastuese te eneve te gjakut.
  • 3. LLOJET E ENDOSONOGRAFISE  Endosonografia radiale ; perdoret per qellimet diagnostike jep pamje ballore endoskopike eshte me e lehte ne perdorim jep pamje imazherike te ngjashme me tomografine e kompjuterizuar 360°  Endosonografia lineare ; perdoret per qellime terapeutike dhe intervencioniste jep pamje laterate endoskopike eshte me e veshtire ne perdorim dhe kerkon sedacion jep pamje te ngjashme me ultrasonografine 130°
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. EUS DİAGNOSTİKE (PREJ VITIT 1980 DERI NE DITET E SOTME); Me pamjet imazherike, marrjen e biopsise ne lezionet e vrejtura dhe stadifikimin e tumoreve ka nje perdorim te gjere si me poshte:  Vleresimin e paretit dhe te lumenit te traktit gastrointenstinal  Organet qe kufizohen me lumenin gastrointenstinal (mediastini, hapesira perirektale, tiroidet, hapesira celiake etj)  Parenkima e pankreasit dhe strukturat qe kufizojne parenkimen  Vijat biliare extrahepatike
  • 7. EUS TERAPEUTIKE (PREJ VITIT 2000 NE DITET E SOTME);  Bllokun dhe neurolizen e plexusit celiak  Cistogastrostomine perdorim ne faze eksperimentale  Drenazhet gastrobiliare dhe koledokoduodenal  Markimet tumorale  Brakioterapine intratumorale  Terapine me antikorpe intratumorale
  • 8. PERPARESITE E EUS;  Nuk ka pengese per shkak te obezitetit dhe gazrave  Struktura anatomike qe ekzaminohet eshte shume afer sondes. ( mund te ekzaminohen dhe lezione shume te vegjel)  Valet ultrasonografike qe perdoren kane frekuence shume te larte (5- 20 MHz)  Te jep mundesi per marrje imazhesh dhe biopsi ne struktura anatomike qe nuk mund te arrihen ne menyre transabdominale  Avantazhet e tjera te USG standarte ( dallimi cistik-solid, pa radiacion, dhe pamjet real time etj)
  • 9. PORTAL VENÖZ SİSTEM SPLENİK VEN PANKREAS SUPERİOR MEZ. VEN PORTAL VEN PORTAL KONFLUENS KARACİĞER
  • 10.
  • 11. PANKREAS BAŞI PORTAL VEN KOLEDOK PANKREATİK KANAL PANKREAS BAŞI
  • 12.
  • 13. PANKREAS GÖVDESİ SPLENİK VEN SUP MEZ ARTER PANKREAS GÖVDE RENAL VEN
  • 14. FUSHA E PERDORIMIT  Ekzaminimi dhe marrje biopsie e limfadenopative te mediastinit  Stadifikimi lokal sipas shtresave dhe infiltrimit I tumoreve te ezofagut  Marrja e biopsise se lezioneve subepiteliale te paretit e ezofagut  Stadifikimi lokal I tumoreve gastrike  Marrja e biopsise se lezioneve subepiteliale te paretit gastrik
  • 18. GIST
  • 22. FUSHA E PERDORIMIT  Ekzaminimi I natyres se obstruksionit te koledokut dhe nese nevojitet marrja e biopsise per ekzaminim citologjik  Diagnostikimi I gureve te koledokut (koledokolitiazis)  Klasifikimi lokal I tumoreve te koledokut  Drenazhimet koledoko-duodenal  Drenazhimet gastro- biliare
  • 23.
  • 29. FUSHA E PERDORIMIT  Klasifikimi lokal I tumoreve te rektumit  Ekzaminimi dhe drenimi I absceve perirektale  Ekzaminimi I abseve dhe fistulave perianale  Klasifikimi lokal dhe marrja e biopsive te tumoreve te prostates
  • 31. FUSHA E PERDORIMIT  Marrja e biopsive nga masat e Pankreasit  Stadifikimi lokal I kancerit te pankreasit  Aspirimi I kisteve dhe tumoreve kistike te pankreasit  Drenimi gastrik I pseudokisteve te pankreasit  Drenimi gastrik I absceve peripankreatik  Diagnostikimi I hershem I pankreatitit kronik.
  • 32. PANKREAS BAŞ TM PORTAL VEN KOLEDO K KİTLE
  • 33. SPLENİK VEN İNVAZE TM KİTLE SPLENİK VEN DİSTALİ
  • 34. PANKREATİK KANAL TM PORTAL VEN KOLEDOK PANKREATİK KANAL KİTLE
  • 36. VASKÜLER İNVAZE TM İNVAZYON SEGMENTİ KİTLE
  • 37. SPLENİK VEN TROMBÜSÜ TROMBÜS PANKREAS SUP MEZ ARTER SPLENİK VEN
  • 39. PANKREAS TM BİOPSİ İĞNE KİTLE
  • 40. DÜZENSİZ PANKREATİK KANAL PANKREATİK KANAL PANKREAS
  • 42. FUSHA E PERDORIMIT  Neurolize e pleksusit celiak  Vendosja e markerit radjoterapik  Brakiterapi (radioactive iodine seeds (125I)  Injektimi I agjenteve Anti-Tumorale (5 fluorouracil (200 mg/m2/day, for 5 days, mixed lymphocyte culture (Cytoimplant), anti-tumor viral therapy (ONYX-015)
  • 43. ÇÖLİAK NÖROLİZ ÇÖLİAK ARTER AORTA
  • 44. MASAT SOLIDE TE PANKREASIT Percaktohet:  Perberja ( masa, ekogjeniteti, nekroza)  Infiltrimi vaskular dhe raportin me: ( vena portae, vena mezenterica sup, arteria mezanterica sup, arteria splenica, arteria celiacae)  Raporti me organet fqinje ( koledoku, duodeni, pareti gastrik, hepari)  Gjendrat lymphatice perreth ( celiak, periaortik, peripancreatic, hilear, mediastinal)
  • 45. VLERA DIAGNOSTIKE  EUS`ja eshte menyra imazherike me sensitive jo kirurgjikale ne diagnostikimin e masave malinje ose beninje te pankreasit.  Ka nje sensitivitet diagnostikimi 85 – 100 %, dhe specifitet 92 – 98 %.  Sensitiviteti ne klasifikim eshte 90 – 97 %.  Sensitiviteti ne vleresimin e invazionit vaskular eshte 85 – 97 %
  • 46. VLERA E PERDORIMIT TE EUS  Perdorimi i endosonografise dhe FNA-se ne diagnostikimin dhe klasifikimin e dyshimeve te tumorit te pankresit ka nje kosto efikasitet te larte  Ne diagnostikimin e masave solide te pankreasit, EUS – FNA ka nje sensitivitet 95 % dhe specifitet 92 % , dhe percaktim 94.1 %
  • 47. DISAVANTAZHET E EUS;  Hapesire te kufizuar ekzaminimi ( max 7 cm)  Ka perdorim te kufizuar ne crregullimet e teresise anatomike ( operacionet GIS etj)  Eshte e pamjaftueshme ne ndarjen e benign – malign ( ka parashikim te larte)  Ndjehet nevoja e biopsise ( nevojitje e EUS – FNA)  Eshte e pamjaftueshme ne dallimin e mases me inflamacionin ( krijon probleme ne klasifikimin e tumoreve)  Eshte e pamjaftueshme ne dallimin e limfadenopative reaktive – malign ( ka parashikim te larte)  Ne klasifikimet e tumoreve te Pankreasit, GIS superior dhe Rektale ka nevoje per ekzaminime te tjera ( CT, MRI, PET etj. ) duhet te perdoret bashke me to
  • 48. SI MUND TE ZGJIDHIM NJE PJESE TE DIZAVANTAZHEVE?  Mund te zgjidhim problemet qe rrjedhin nga permasat e ekoendoskopit dhe prishjeve anatomike duke perdorur probe mini qe kalojne brenda endoskopit standart. ( qe perdoren aktualisht)  Duke perdorur agjent kontrasti ultrasonik mund te ekzaminojme vaskularitetin intratumoral.   Mund te perdorim Elastografine per te matur elasticitetin e indeve. ( perdoret ne pak qendra dhe kerkon pervoje.)  Mund te perdorim se bashku agjentin kontrastues dhe elastografine.