The document summarizes trends in the exhibition industry in Central and Eastern Europe. It finds that the industry is growing due to strong economic growth in the region. The largest markets are Russia, Ukraine, and Poland, with Russia having the strongest potential. Trade fairs are important marketing platforms for companies in the region and abroad. While the industry faces threats from new technologies and globalization, opportunities exist in specialization, partnerships, and combining fairs with new technologies. Industry associations are working to promote the region's fairs.
This document provides guidance on how to do business with German partners. It begins by introducing a Vietnamese business delegation interested in the machine and technology sector. It then discusses Germany as a good starting point for business due to its location and large economy. It notes that Germany is actually a federation of 16 states each with their own culture and opportunities. It describes the importance of small and medium "Mittelstand" businesses that drive the German economy, as well as "hidden champions" that dominate niche global markets. The document provides tips on approaching and finding a German partner, including using industry organizations like ZVEI and VDMA as information resources.
This paper reviews the published literature on the definition and measurement of the administrative and compliance costs of taxation, with special reference to VAT (including evasion and fraud) in the European Union.
Written by Luca Barbone, Richard M. Bird, and Jaime Vasquez-Caro. Published in March, 2012.
See more on our website: http://www.case-research.eu/en/node/57573
This document is a resume for Marek R. Helinski, a 44-year-old Polish national with over 20 years of experience in international business development, senior management, and strategic consulting. He has held roles such as CEO, Managing Director, and Director of various companies in industries including steel, logistics, security, and wood processing. Helinski's experience includes developing new markets, products, and business in locations across Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. He possesses skills in leadership, strategy, sales, technology, and intercultural management.
The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of the removal of NTBs in trade between the EU and its selected CIS partners: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan (CIS5). The report includes a discussion of methodologies of measurement of non-tariff barriers and the impact of their removal, including a review of previous studies focusing on CEE and CIS regions. Further, we employ a computable general equilibrium model encompassing the following three pillars of trade facilitation: legislative and regulatory approximation, reform of customs rules and procedures and liberalization of the access of foreign providers of services. We conclude that a reduction of NTBs and improved access to the EU market would bring significant benefits to the CIS5 countries in terms of welfare gains, GDP growth, increases in real wages and expansion of international trade. The possible welfare implications of deep integration with the EU range from 5.8% of GDP in Ukraine to sizeable expected gains in Armenia (3.1%), Russia (2.8%), Azerbaijan (1.8%) and Georgia (1.7%).
Authored by: Maryla Maliszewska, Irina Orlova, Svitlana Taran
Published in 2009
This document summarizes a study on the internationalization of business investments in research and development (R&D) in Europe. Some key findings are:
1) R&D internationalization is highest in small EU countries, with over 50% of R&D spending coming from foreign-owned firms in countries like Austria, Belgium, and Ireland. Large countries like Germany and the UK have around 25% of R&D spending from foreign-owned firms.
2) Around half of all R&D spending by foreign-owned firms in the EU can be assigned to firms from other EU member states, showing strong intra-EU integration. The US is also an important investor in the EU.
3)
This paper evaluates the implications of Eastern EU enlargement with the use of a computable general equilibrium model. The focus is on accession to the Single Market, with explicit modelling of the removal of border costs and costs of producing to different national standards. The results indicate significant welfare gains for the CEECs (volume of GDP increases by 1.4-2.4%) and modest gains for the EU. The steady state scenarios, which allow for the capital stock adjustment in response to higher return to capital, more than double the static welfare gains.
Authored by: Maryla Maliszewska
Published in 2004
An analysis of the role played by the ‘China Import and Export Fair’ in Canto...wangqiongapp
The Canton Fair, established in 1957 in Guangzhou, China, has played a significant economic and social role for the local Cantonese community. It has become the largest trade fair in China, attracting hundreds of thousands of international buyers and exhibitors annually. This has provided major economic benefits to the local hotel industry, employment, and tax revenue. Some challenges have also arisen like hotel overcapacity and increased competition from other trade fairs. Overall, the Canton Fair has largely promoted regional economic development in Guangdong province and China's opening up to foreign trade.
This paper aims to explore the factors influencing the ability of firms to compete in globalised markets. The Austrian and evolutionary economics and the endogeneous growth literature highlight the role of innovation activities in enabling firms to compete more effectively - and expand their market share. On the basis of these theories, and using a large panel of firms from several Central and East European Countries (CEECs), this paper attempts to identify the factors and forces which determine the ability of firms to compete in conditions of transition. The competitiveness of firms, measured by their market share, is postulated to depend on indicators of firms' innovation behaviour such as improvements in cost-efficiency, labour productivity and investment in new machinery and equipment as well as characteristics of firms and their environment such as location, experience, technological intensity of their industries and the intensity of competition. To control for the dynamic nature of competitiveness and the potential endogeneity of its determinants, and to distinguish between short and long run effects of firm behaviour, a dynamic panel methodology is employed. The results indicate that the competitiveness of firms in transition economies is enhanced with improvements in their cost efficiency, productivity of labour, investment and their previous business experience while stronger competition has a negative impact on it.
Authored by: Iraj Hashi, Nebojsa Stojcic, Shqiponja Telhaj
Published in 2011
This document provides guidance on how to do business with German partners. It begins by introducing a Vietnamese business delegation interested in the machine and technology sector. It then discusses Germany as a good starting point for business due to its location and large economy. It notes that Germany is actually a federation of 16 states each with their own culture and opportunities. It describes the importance of small and medium "Mittelstand" businesses that drive the German economy, as well as "hidden champions" that dominate niche global markets. The document provides tips on approaching and finding a German partner, including using industry organizations like ZVEI and VDMA as information resources.
This paper reviews the published literature on the definition and measurement of the administrative and compliance costs of taxation, with special reference to VAT (including evasion and fraud) in the European Union.
Written by Luca Barbone, Richard M. Bird, and Jaime Vasquez-Caro. Published in March, 2012.
See more on our website: http://www.case-research.eu/en/node/57573
This document is a resume for Marek R. Helinski, a 44-year-old Polish national with over 20 years of experience in international business development, senior management, and strategic consulting. He has held roles such as CEO, Managing Director, and Director of various companies in industries including steel, logistics, security, and wood processing. Helinski's experience includes developing new markets, products, and business in locations across Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. He possesses skills in leadership, strategy, sales, technology, and intercultural management.
The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of the removal of NTBs in trade between the EU and its selected CIS partners: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan (CIS5). The report includes a discussion of methodologies of measurement of non-tariff barriers and the impact of their removal, including a review of previous studies focusing on CEE and CIS regions. Further, we employ a computable general equilibrium model encompassing the following three pillars of trade facilitation: legislative and regulatory approximation, reform of customs rules and procedures and liberalization of the access of foreign providers of services. We conclude that a reduction of NTBs and improved access to the EU market would bring significant benefits to the CIS5 countries in terms of welfare gains, GDP growth, increases in real wages and expansion of international trade. The possible welfare implications of deep integration with the EU range from 5.8% of GDP in Ukraine to sizeable expected gains in Armenia (3.1%), Russia (2.8%), Azerbaijan (1.8%) and Georgia (1.7%).
Authored by: Maryla Maliszewska, Irina Orlova, Svitlana Taran
Published in 2009
This document summarizes a study on the internationalization of business investments in research and development (R&D) in Europe. Some key findings are:
1) R&D internationalization is highest in small EU countries, with over 50% of R&D spending coming from foreign-owned firms in countries like Austria, Belgium, and Ireland. Large countries like Germany and the UK have around 25% of R&D spending from foreign-owned firms.
2) Around half of all R&D spending by foreign-owned firms in the EU can be assigned to firms from other EU member states, showing strong intra-EU integration. The US is also an important investor in the EU.
3)
This paper evaluates the implications of Eastern EU enlargement with the use of a computable general equilibrium model. The focus is on accession to the Single Market, with explicit modelling of the removal of border costs and costs of producing to different national standards. The results indicate significant welfare gains for the CEECs (volume of GDP increases by 1.4-2.4%) and modest gains for the EU. The steady state scenarios, which allow for the capital stock adjustment in response to higher return to capital, more than double the static welfare gains.
Authored by: Maryla Maliszewska
Published in 2004
An analysis of the role played by the ‘China Import and Export Fair’ in Canto...wangqiongapp
The Canton Fair, established in 1957 in Guangzhou, China, has played a significant economic and social role for the local Cantonese community. It has become the largest trade fair in China, attracting hundreds of thousands of international buyers and exhibitors annually. This has provided major economic benefits to the local hotel industry, employment, and tax revenue. Some challenges have also arisen like hotel overcapacity and increased competition from other trade fairs. Overall, the Canton Fair has largely promoted regional economic development in Guangdong province and China's opening up to foreign trade.
This paper aims to explore the factors influencing the ability of firms to compete in globalised markets. The Austrian and evolutionary economics and the endogeneous growth literature highlight the role of innovation activities in enabling firms to compete more effectively - and expand their market share. On the basis of these theories, and using a large panel of firms from several Central and East European Countries (CEECs), this paper attempts to identify the factors and forces which determine the ability of firms to compete in conditions of transition. The competitiveness of firms, measured by their market share, is postulated to depend on indicators of firms' innovation behaviour such as improvements in cost-efficiency, labour productivity and investment in new machinery and equipment as well as characteristics of firms and their environment such as location, experience, technological intensity of their industries and the intensity of competition. To control for the dynamic nature of competitiveness and the potential endogeneity of its determinants, and to distinguish between short and long run effects of firm behaviour, a dynamic panel methodology is employed. The results indicate that the competitiveness of firms in transition economies is enhanced with improvements in their cost efficiency, productivity of labour, investment and their previous business experience while stronger competition has a negative impact on it.
Authored by: Iraj Hashi, Nebojsa Stojcic, Shqiponja Telhaj
Published in 2011
This paper investigates the differences in innovation behaviour, i.e. differences in innovation sources and innovation effects, among manufacturing firms in three NMS: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. It is based on a survey of firms operating in four manufacturing industries: food and beverages, automotive, pharmaceuticals and electronics. The paper takes into account: innovation inputs in enterprises, cooperation among firms in R&D activities, the benefits of cooperation with business partners and innovation effects (innovation outputs and international competitiveness of firms' products and technology) in the three countries. After employing cluster analysis, five types of innovation patterns were detected. The paper characterises and compares these innovation patterns, highlighting differences and similarities. The paper shows that external knowledge plays an important role in innovation activities in NMS firms. The ability to explore cooperation with business partners and the benefits of using external knowledge are determined by in-house innovation activities, notably R&D intensity.
Authored by: Ewa Balcerowicz, Marek Pęczkowski, Anna Wziatek-Kubiak
Published in 2009
This paper studies costs and benefits of institutional harmonisation in the context of EU relations with its neighbors. The purpose of this paper is to outline the likely forms of institutional harmonisation between the EU and its Eastern neighbors and provide an
overview of the methodologies that can be used in measuring its effects (costs and benefits). This paper serves as a background for two measurement exercises – one on benefits and another on costs – that are to be undertaken during the second stage of research.
Authored by: Veliko Dimitrov, Vladimir Dubrovskiy, Anna Kolesnichenko, Irina Orlova
Published in 2007
Ernst & Young's 2013 European attractiveness survey analyzes both the real and perceived attractiveness of Europe for foreign investment. While Europe secured 3,797 FDI projects in 2012, creating 170,434 jobs, its share of global FDI fell to 22.4% due to the prolonged Eurozone crisis impacting investor confidence. The UK and Germany remained the top destinations in Europe, capturing the most FDI projects, while Central and Eastern Europe attracted over 50% of new FDI jobs. Looking ahead, investors expect Europe's appeal to improve over the next three years if issues like economic stability, R&D and innovation, and common economic governance are addressed.
COTRI (COTRI China Outbound Tourism Research Institute) is the world's leading independent research institute focusing on the Chinese outbound tourism market. It has been operating since 2004, conducting market research, training, and consultancy services for organizations catering to Chinese tourists. COTRI has offices in Germany, China, and works with over 30 country partners globally. It offers various services including market analysis, data mining, consultancy, and training programs to help organizations understand and adapt to the Chinese outbound tourism market.
Elaborated by Jens Gabbe, Chairman of the AEBR Advisory Committee, in the context of the 3rd Meeting of the Greater Tumen Initiative’s Northeast Asia Local Cooperation Committee
7th of August 2015, Choibalsan City, Mongolia
Services dominate all advanced economies but service innovations are still an underresearched topic. One of the reasons are definitional and measurement difficulties. The goal of the paper is to highlight those by reviewing recent literature and to assess the current state of knowledge and challenges. Theoretical approaches, empirical techniques and selected empirical results are discussed. Apparently the biggest challenge, at this point, is to create a unified conceptual framework, that would encompass both manufacturing ad services. Meeting this challenge will, however, be difficult, given the strong focus on manufacturing, both in the literature and in the way enterprise surveys are designed.
Authored by: Krzysztof Szczygielski
This document analyzes knowledge-based entrepreneurship (KBE) in Poland by examining case studies of several Polish firms. It finds that the firms studied rely primarily on in-house knowledge resources and innovation, with little evidence of open or distributed innovation. The firms have achieved success with minimal help from the Polish state and have relied mainly on networks of families and friends, including local industrial clusters. In general, the document concludes that Poland appears to be a relatively poor location for knowledge-based entrepreneurship.
Institutional harmonization is an important part of European integration, and its effects are more far reaching than the effects of trade liberalization. In its policy towards neighbors (the European Neighborhood Policy, ENP), the EU puts a lot of stress on the desirability of institutional harmonization, at least in certain areas. In particular, the free trade agreements that the EU envisages concluding with its Eastern neighbors will involve substantial harmonization of product standards, competition policy and a range of other policies and processes. At the very least, the harmonization will have to focus on the areas that relate to improvement of market access, i.e. removing restrictions to trade, harmonizing product standards and the systems of quality control etc. But in order to implement the new standards and rules, the EU neighbors will have to reform many related areas, so that the harmonization will encompass the whole system of economic governance. Not only will such a revamp help attaining better access to the EU markets, but also (and probably more importantly) it will stimulate modernization of the neighbors' economies and bring much needed efficiency gains.
In measurement of benefits of harmonization we refer to two methods: one based on the computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling of welfare effects of better market access, and the other employing a growth model to estimate the wider effects of European institutions on growth. The estimation of costs of harmonization bases on extrapolation of the analogous costs in other countries, in particular CEE. These costs include expenses by a public sector on introduction of harmonization measures, as well as private sector expenses and investments related to their implementation.
Authored by: Anna Kolesnichenko
Published in 2009
This document summarizes a report on price convergence in the enlarged European Union. It finds that two main forces drive price developments: 1) increased competition lowers prices by reducing markups, and 2) the catching up process of lower-income countries leads to higher price levels and inflation as their economies develop. The report uses comparative price levels data to analyze price trends across EU countries and product categories. It identifies factors representing catching up and competition to empirically analyze their impacts on price convergence. It finds some evidence that EU enlargement has slightly accelerated price convergence, though the process remains gradual with half-lives of around 10 years.
1. A case study analyzing the impact of the White Nights Festival in terms of marketing, social, and economic outcomes between 2011-2012.
2. An empirical analysis using a 3-dimensional model to estimate the festival's impact on number of visitors, attitudes, leisure behavior, and expenditures.
3. A research paper evaluating place marketing event impact in Russia through the lens of the White Nights Festival, considering roots, constraints, and methods.
The next steps could involve strengthening the theoretical framework, expanding benchmark comparisons, addressing limitations, and providing recommendations to improve future impact assessments. More qualitative research with residents and tourists could also enhance understanding
Denisa Čiderová: The Era of Science Diplomacy: Implications for Economics, B...CUBCCE Conference
The London-based Royal Society publishing the world’s oldest scientific journal in continuous publication Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (since 1665) identified science diplomacy as still a fluid concept that can be applied to the role of science, technology and innovation in three dimensions of policy: Science in diplomacy; Diplomacy for science; Science for diplomacy. In June 2015 the European Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation Carlos Moedas reiterated the Royal Society’s dimensions of science diplomacy in his speech The EU approach to science diplomacy at the European Institute in Washington.
Terms “diplomacy”, “science” and “art” are marked by variability of interpretations, with the French painter G. Braque pointing at one of possible links between science and art: « L’Art est fait pour trabler, la Science rassure. » (Notebooks: Day and Night, 1952 quoted in PODOLAN, 2014, p. 745); pivotal shift in the perception (of the complexity) of diplomacy is accentuated by editors of The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (2013), too.
The University of Economics in Bratislava operating in the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area celebrated 75th anniversary of its establishment in 2015, in the framework of which the International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars EDAMBA 2015 titled “The Era of Science Diplomacy: Implications for Economics, Business, Management and Related Disciplines“ was held on 21 – 23 October 2015 in cooperation with the Business Leaders Forum.
Artikel 1 multi-centre logistics systems for improving competitive statusrahadimeta
This document proposes a methodology for developing multi-centre logistics systems in Hungary to improve the competitiveness of logistics service suppliers. The methodology involves establishing logistics centers through regional cooperation between small and medium enterprises, supported by information technology. The methodology was applied successfully in developing the Trans-Sped Logistics Center in Debrecen, Hungary.
This document provides an overview of international trade through the lens of social institutions and economics. It begins with a history of international trade theory from ancient times to modern concepts. It then discusses key social institutions that influence trade - economic systems, legal systems, and religion. It examines international trade law and the World Trade Organization. Examples of social institutions and economic indicators of France, China, and Mozambique are provided. The document concludes by reflecting on how social issues like poverty relate to international trade and institutions.
The Fourth Strategic Programme 2008-2010 of the Province of Milan focuses on supporting innovation and economic development in the Milan metropolitan area. It emphasizes the role of cities as drivers of regional growth in the knowledge economy. Specifically, it aims to:
1) Strengthen Milan's role as the urban region and "extended city" that forms the center of a network economy beyond administrative borders.
2) Promote competitiveness by supporting the development of talents, entrepreneurship, innovation and knowledge-intensive industries in the region.
3) Address challenges like environmental quality, social inclusion, and infrastructure that can impact the region's future growth if not addressed.
It has become common to measure the quality of exports using their unit export value (UEV). Applications of this method include studies of intra-industry trade (IIT) and analyses of industrial 'competitiveness'. This literature seems to assume that export quality and export price (the most natural interpretation of UEV) are not merely correlated but that they follow each other one-for-one. We put this assumption under scrutiny from both a theoretical and empirical point of view. In terms of theory, we formalize this assumption as a hypothesis of the proportionality of equilibrium prices and equilibrium qualities. We discuss several cases for which this hypothesis is theoretically doubtful (non-linear utility- and cost functions; strong and asymmetric horizontal product differentiation). We also suggest two methods of verifying the hypothesis for cases in which it cannot be easily rejected theoretically. These two methods are then applied to German imports in the period of 1994-2006. We find that the implications of the proportionality hypothesis are largely.
Authored by: Wojciech Grabowski and Krzysztof Szczygielski
The document summarizes the facilities and campus environment provided by the ILO Turin Centre for participants in its training programs. It states that the Centre is located in an attractive park on the banks of the River Po, providing a congenial environment to live and study. The campus has modern classrooms, conference halls, 287 study bedrooms with private bathrooms and internet access. Amenities on campus include a reception desk, restaurant, bank, travel agency, laundry, post office, medical services, recreation facilities, and spaces for indoor and outdoor sports. Social events are regularly held on and off campus to foster international interaction among participants from different cultures.
The document provides an analysis of exporting opportunities and barriers for businesses in the Leeds City Region of the UK. Some key points:
- 41% of exporting businesses in the region reported increased overseas sales in Q3 2011, compared to 33% reporting increased domestic sales. Exporting has helped some businesses be more resilient during the economic downturn.
- Manufacturers are more likely to export than service providers. Large businesses are also more likely to export than small or micro-businesses.
- The top international markets for the region's exporters are other EU countries, Germany, and France. Exporters selling to Europe and the US are more confident than those selling to emerging markets like China and India.
2009 is European SME Year, how the Exhibition Industry can support and help SME\'s in crysis finding new markets, new partners and clients, Bruxelles,2009
Aid for Trade: Promoting Trade Development and Poverty Reduction in Transitio...UNDP Eurasia
This document discusses Aid for Trade (AfT), which aims to help developing countries overcome barriers to trade and benefit from the global trading system. It focuses on transition economies in Europe and Central Asia. Key areas of AfT support include building trade policy capacity, improving economic infrastructure, strengthening productive sectors, and providing adjustment assistance. The document outlines a UNDP project providing AfT to Central Asia, South Caucasus and Western CIS over two phases from 2009-2013. The project conducts AfT needs assessments to identify capacity gaps and recommend technical assistance to improve trade's impact on living standards and poverty reduction.
European Funds Financial Management Mario Borisickragujevac
The document provides an overview of a training on obtaining and managing European funds. It outlines 5 daily topics that will be covered over the 5 day training: 1) an introduction to European funds and eligibility, 2) examples of successful marketing projects funded by European funds, 3) the application process, 4) available EU funds for Serbia 2007-2013, and 5) the application process and examples of best practices. Each day will provide objectives and content related to understanding and accessing European funds.
This paper investigates the differences in innovation behaviour, i.e. differences in innovation sources and innovation effects, among manufacturing firms in three NMS: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. It is based on a survey of firms operating in four manufacturing industries: food and beverages, automotive, pharmaceuticals and electronics. The paper takes into account: innovation inputs in enterprises, cooperation among firms in R&D activities, the benefits of cooperation with business partners and innovation effects (innovation outputs and international competitiveness of firms' products and technology) in the three countries. After employing cluster analysis, five types of innovation patterns were detected. The paper characterises and compares these innovation patterns, highlighting differences and similarities. The paper shows that external knowledge plays an important role in innovation activities in NMS firms. The ability to explore cooperation with business partners and the benefits of using external knowledge are determined by in-house innovation activities, notably R&D intensity.
Authored by: Ewa Balcerowicz, Marek Pęczkowski, Anna Wziatek-Kubiak
Published in 2009
This paper studies costs and benefits of institutional harmonisation in the context of EU relations with its neighbors. The purpose of this paper is to outline the likely forms of institutional harmonisation between the EU and its Eastern neighbors and provide an
overview of the methodologies that can be used in measuring its effects (costs and benefits). This paper serves as a background for two measurement exercises – one on benefits and another on costs – that are to be undertaken during the second stage of research.
Authored by: Veliko Dimitrov, Vladimir Dubrovskiy, Anna Kolesnichenko, Irina Orlova
Published in 2007
Ernst & Young's 2013 European attractiveness survey analyzes both the real and perceived attractiveness of Europe for foreign investment. While Europe secured 3,797 FDI projects in 2012, creating 170,434 jobs, its share of global FDI fell to 22.4% due to the prolonged Eurozone crisis impacting investor confidence. The UK and Germany remained the top destinations in Europe, capturing the most FDI projects, while Central and Eastern Europe attracted over 50% of new FDI jobs. Looking ahead, investors expect Europe's appeal to improve over the next three years if issues like economic stability, R&D and innovation, and common economic governance are addressed.
COTRI (COTRI China Outbound Tourism Research Institute) is the world's leading independent research institute focusing on the Chinese outbound tourism market. It has been operating since 2004, conducting market research, training, and consultancy services for organizations catering to Chinese tourists. COTRI has offices in Germany, China, and works with over 30 country partners globally. It offers various services including market analysis, data mining, consultancy, and training programs to help organizations understand and adapt to the Chinese outbound tourism market.
Elaborated by Jens Gabbe, Chairman of the AEBR Advisory Committee, in the context of the 3rd Meeting of the Greater Tumen Initiative’s Northeast Asia Local Cooperation Committee
7th of August 2015, Choibalsan City, Mongolia
Services dominate all advanced economies but service innovations are still an underresearched topic. One of the reasons are definitional and measurement difficulties. The goal of the paper is to highlight those by reviewing recent literature and to assess the current state of knowledge and challenges. Theoretical approaches, empirical techniques and selected empirical results are discussed. Apparently the biggest challenge, at this point, is to create a unified conceptual framework, that would encompass both manufacturing ad services. Meeting this challenge will, however, be difficult, given the strong focus on manufacturing, both in the literature and in the way enterprise surveys are designed.
Authored by: Krzysztof Szczygielski
This document analyzes knowledge-based entrepreneurship (KBE) in Poland by examining case studies of several Polish firms. It finds that the firms studied rely primarily on in-house knowledge resources and innovation, with little evidence of open or distributed innovation. The firms have achieved success with minimal help from the Polish state and have relied mainly on networks of families and friends, including local industrial clusters. In general, the document concludes that Poland appears to be a relatively poor location for knowledge-based entrepreneurship.
Institutional harmonization is an important part of European integration, and its effects are more far reaching than the effects of trade liberalization. In its policy towards neighbors (the European Neighborhood Policy, ENP), the EU puts a lot of stress on the desirability of institutional harmonization, at least in certain areas. In particular, the free trade agreements that the EU envisages concluding with its Eastern neighbors will involve substantial harmonization of product standards, competition policy and a range of other policies and processes. At the very least, the harmonization will have to focus on the areas that relate to improvement of market access, i.e. removing restrictions to trade, harmonizing product standards and the systems of quality control etc. But in order to implement the new standards and rules, the EU neighbors will have to reform many related areas, so that the harmonization will encompass the whole system of economic governance. Not only will such a revamp help attaining better access to the EU markets, but also (and probably more importantly) it will stimulate modernization of the neighbors' economies and bring much needed efficiency gains.
In measurement of benefits of harmonization we refer to two methods: one based on the computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling of welfare effects of better market access, and the other employing a growth model to estimate the wider effects of European institutions on growth. The estimation of costs of harmonization bases on extrapolation of the analogous costs in other countries, in particular CEE. These costs include expenses by a public sector on introduction of harmonization measures, as well as private sector expenses and investments related to their implementation.
Authored by: Anna Kolesnichenko
Published in 2009
This document summarizes a report on price convergence in the enlarged European Union. It finds that two main forces drive price developments: 1) increased competition lowers prices by reducing markups, and 2) the catching up process of lower-income countries leads to higher price levels and inflation as their economies develop. The report uses comparative price levels data to analyze price trends across EU countries and product categories. It identifies factors representing catching up and competition to empirically analyze their impacts on price convergence. It finds some evidence that EU enlargement has slightly accelerated price convergence, though the process remains gradual with half-lives of around 10 years.
1. A case study analyzing the impact of the White Nights Festival in terms of marketing, social, and economic outcomes between 2011-2012.
2. An empirical analysis using a 3-dimensional model to estimate the festival's impact on number of visitors, attitudes, leisure behavior, and expenditures.
3. A research paper evaluating place marketing event impact in Russia through the lens of the White Nights Festival, considering roots, constraints, and methods.
The next steps could involve strengthening the theoretical framework, expanding benchmark comparisons, addressing limitations, and providing recommendations to improve future impact assessments. More qualitative research with residents and tourists could also enhance understanding
Denisa Čiderová: The Era of Science Diplomacy: Implications for Economics, B...CUBCCE Conference
The London-based Royal Society publishing the world’s oldest scientific journal in continuous publication Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (since 1665) identified science diplomacy as still a fluid concept that can be applied to the role of science, technology and innovation in three dimensions of policy: Science in diplomacy; Diplomacy for science; Science for diplomacy. In June 2015 the European Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation Carlos Moedas reiterated the Royal Society’s dimensions of science diplomacy in his speech The EU approach to science diplomacy at the European Institute in Washington.
Terms “diplomacy”, “science” and “art” are marked by variability of interpretations, with the French painter G. Braque pointing at one of possible links between science and art: « L’Art est fait pour trabler, la Science rassure. » (Notebooks: Day and Night, 1952 quoted in PODOLAN, 2014, p. 745); pivotal shift in the perception (of the complexity) of diplomacy is accentuated by editors of The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (2013), too.
The University of Economics in Bratislava operating in the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area celebrated 75th anniversary of its establishment in 2015, in the framework of which the International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars EDAMBA 2015 titled “The Era of Science Diplomacy: Implications for Economics, Business, Management and Related Disciplines“ was held on 21 – 23 October 2015 in cooperation with the Business Leaders Forum.
Artikel 1 multi-centre logistics systems for improving competitive statusrahadimeta
This document proposes a methodology for developing multi-centre logistics systems in Hungary to improve the competitiveness of logistics service suppliers. The methodology involves establishing logistics centers through regional cooperation between small and medium enterprises, supported by information technology. The methodology was applied successfully in developing the Trans-Sped Logistics Center in Debrecen, Hungary.
This document provides an overview of international trade through the lens of social institutions and economics. It begins with a history of international trade theory from ancient times to modern concepts. It then discusses key social institutions that influence trade - economic systems, legal systems, and religion. It examines international trade law and the World Trade Organization. Examples of social institutions and economic indicators of France, China, and Mozambique are provided. The document concludes by reflecting on how social issues like poverty relate to international trade and institutions.
The Fourth Strategic Programme 2008-2010 of the Province of Milan focuses on supporting innovation and economic development in the Milan metropolitan area. It emphasizes the role of cities as drivers of regional growth in the knowledge economy. Specifically, it aims to:
1) Strengthen Milan's role as the urban region and "extended city" that forms the center of a network economy beyond administrative borders.
2) Promote competitiveness by supporting the development of talents, entrepreneurship, innovation and knowledge-intensive industries in the region.
3) Address challenges like environmental quality, social inclusion, and infrastructure that can impact the region's future growth if not addressed.
It has become common to measure the quality of exports using their unit export value (UEV). Applications of this method include studies of intra-industry trade (IIT) and analyses of industrial 'competitiveness'. This literature seems to assume that export quality and export price (the most natural interpretation of UEV) are not merely correlated but that they follow each other one-for-one. We put this assumption under scrutiny from both a theoretical and empirical point of view. In terms of theory, we formalize this assumption as a hypothesis of the proportionality of equilibrium prices and equilibrium qualities. We discuss several cases for which this hypothesis is theoretically doubtful (non-linear utility- and cost functions; strong and asymmetric horizontal product differentiation). We also suggest two methods of verifying the hypothesis for cases in which it cannot be easily rejected theoretically. These two methods are then applied to German imports in the period of 1994-2006. We find that the implications of the proportionality hypothesis are largely.
Authored by: Wojciech Grabowski and Krzysztof Szczygielski
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Similar to Central & Eastern European Exhibition Industry (20)
Central & Eastern European Exhibition Industry
1. UFI - The Global Association of the Exhibition Industry
UFI European Chapter
UFI Central and Eastern European Countries Meeting
St. Petersburg, March 6, 2008
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
2. UFI European Chapter
UFI Central and Eastern European Countries Meeting
Central & Eastern European exhibition industry – trends
and opportunities
Berislav Čižmek , CEO
CBBS Management Consulting & Business Building Company
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
3. About CBBS
CBBS is a management consulting, lobbying and business building solutions
company with the seat in Zagreb and partners office in Bruxelles founded in
2007.
Core activities:
1. new developments and business concepts with focus on Eastern and Central
Europe
2. internationalisation – partnerships – mergers - acquisitions
3. lobbying and co operation with European Commission and European SME's
associations
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
4. About CBBS (2)
Memberships
UFI – The Global Association of the Exhibition Industry
CEFA - Central European Fair Alliance
European Parliament – accredited lobbyist
SEAP (Society of European Affairs Professionals – Bruxelles, is the recognized
professional organization of EU public affairs professionals operating in trade
associations, corporations, consultancies and representative bodies and
established since 1997)
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
5. Economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe
The Eastern Europe and Central Asia region has enjoyed robust economic
growth over the last few years. Eight countries (the Czech Republic, Estonia,
Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) joined the
European Union in 2004, two more (Bulgaria and Romania) entered the EU
in 2007, while Croatia, FYR Macedonia and Turkey are currently in
negotiations for the entry.
The countries of Central and Eastern Europe are among the most
promising growth markets today, the expected growth rates for 2008 are
between 4 - 7 % (the growth rate in EU 15 - nation zone for 2007 of 2.7 %,
and growth of 1.8% this year is expected)
Markets of more than 320 million people (with Central Asian countries
some 400 million people)
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
6. Economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe (2)
The positive impact of the following elements directly is connected with the
results of the exhibition industry:
Sustainability of the economy, market liberalization and competition
framework
Privatization, development of the entrepreneurship and foreign
investments
Socio-ecological development level, increase of the standard of living, and
economic wealth
The countries in Central and Eastern Europe are target of many companies
from Western Europe in terms of cooperation, investments and trade
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
7. Exhibition Industry market in Central and
Eastern Europe
Trade fairs are the first steps in the markets for the companies from Western
Europe and worldwide, they are a central component in the marketing mix
for the companies active in the international markets
Marketing and communication platforms and the main regional and
national economy showcases
The increase of the trade volume is in direct relation with the participation of
the foreign exhibitors and the growth of the trade fairs, but the focus is not
only on closing the deals, the exhibitors look after their customers, obtain
information on market trends and initiate cooperation projects
The attention of trade fairs in the new markets is essential for SMEs (the
medium-sized companies)
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
8. Exhibition Industry market in Central and
Eastern Europe (2)
The venues and organizers are:
traditional state & city owned companies, mostly venue owners
private organizers (mostly, without own venues)
international organizers (entering the market with their own brands)
joint venture companies (domestic & international organizers )
private or public organizers taken over by the international partners
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
9. SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Tradition, experience and position - tradition, network, solution provider,
complex services – well established industry
Trade fairs as “meeting point of business”
Personal contact - Face-to-face communication, mirror of the markets and
direct contact
Exhibition industry know how - active position of the exhibition industry
leaders, very professional, detailed knowledge of the market
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
10. SWOT Analysis (2)
Threats & weaknesses
Marketing & operations
Hard competition in terms of the date and subject of event - too many events
Labour - intensiveness of the exhibitions as compared with other marketing
communication tools
Complexity – results are depending on cooperation of all market partners
High cost for the exhibitors and visitors
In times of globalization big players try to find “global marketing-channels”
Global brands are entering national and regional markets, less players in the
market and less budgets
The cost demanding (upfront) while return/result is later – difficult to
measure ROI
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
11. SWOT Analysis (3)
Threats & weaknesses (2)
Marketing & operations
Low level of people’s awareness how to exhibit and how to visit efficiently
Competition of the corporate events, in - house exhibitions and events, new
activities initiated by the exhibitors like show rooms,
Competition of other marketing tools and big shopping malls, competition
from other forms of marketing and communication, Internet and direct
marketing
International organizers entering regional and national markets – very
strong competition
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
12. SWOT Analysis (4)
Threats & weaknesses (3)
Strategy and ownership
Rather old, traditional venues, lack of the new ICT and media technologies
Lack of the understanding as to what our industry actually brings to
Cities/Countries, problem in the relation between fair organizers and
central/local authorities which sometimes underestimate the importance of
the trade fair industry to the local economy
Difficult and long process of bringing strategic decisions
Investments in the new infrastructure very difficult because of the high costs
and not enough support from the local government
Privatization of the City/State owned companies (the interest in the big real
estate development potential)
Human resources – exhibitions are not attractive for the new generations,
more oriented to get employment in media/marketing/new technologies
companies
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
13. SWOT Analysis (4)
Opportunities
Concentration on personal B2B events (congress - fairs, events within fairs)
Communication trends are turning from mass (classical) media to personal
(direct) way of communication (direct marketing, fairs)
Specialization, joint ventures, co operations and international partnerships
More education for exhibitors and associations
Innovation, new approach to the customers, combination with new
technologies
New business concepts, new topics for the attention of new and younger
generations
Matchmaking - integration/use of new technologies and other media in the
trade fair industry
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
14. SWOT Analysis (4)
Opportunities
Parallel events in the trade fairs frame, smaller trade fairs but the trade fairs
with greater level of efficiency or the trade fairs with events
Interregional exhibitions that mirroring significance of national and regional
economies
Innovations in many sectors, reduction of life cycle of products, technology
is creating new products, services and new ways of doing business, all of thi
translates into more opportunities to launch new exhibitions
Positive macroeconomic development in many industries makes the
marketing tool “exhibition” very attractive – the growth of the Chinese and
Indian (among others) economies, but the growth in Central and Eastern
Europe as well
Globalization for SMEs - increase of small and medium size enterprises
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
15. The leading trade fair locations within the new EU countries are Polen,
Romania, outside the EU the top position is taken by Russia, above all Moscow,
and Ukraine.
The biggest markets in Central and Eastern Europe are Russia, Ukraine and
Polen (220 million inhabitants) with the strongest market and development
potential.
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
16. Russia (The Source, RUEF, Russian Union of exhibitions
and fairs)
Exhibition business in Russia is an independent and rapidly developing
economy branch
Shift from exhibitions B to C towards B to B exhibitions
Tendency to diversify exhibition business in regions while major number of
exhibitions is still held in Moscow and Saint Petersburg
The role of the trade and industrial exhibitions as a reliable market indicator
becoming more and more important
Considerable qualitative improvement in service industry and public safety
Exhibition audit in Russia, one more step to transparent exhibition business
Business models of the exhibition companies and events differ from the
state owned to private ones
More international organizers entering Russian exhibition market, the
increase of the partnership between Russian and foreign companies (joint
ventures, acquisitions, guest events..)
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
17. Russia (2)
Positive changes in Russia provide good climate for growth of the international
participation in exhibitions.
International exhibitors in trade show events (Moscow and Saint-Petersburg):
2004 2006
Expocentr 6 754 4865
GAO VVC 1561 933
MVK 1321 1085
Lenexpo 917 803
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
18. Russia (3)
The most active countries in the Russian exhibitions are India, Germany, and
China in the latest years.
2006
- Italy 2669 - Ukraine 1562
- Germany 2283 - Belarus 1409
- China 1416 - Kazakhstan 148
- Turkey 928 - Moldova 130
- Poland 623 - Armenia 56
- France 493 - Kirghizia 34
- Czech Republic 479 - Georgia 30
- Finland 464 - Azerbaijan 22
- Spain 461 - Tadzhikistan 18
- USA 320 - Uzbekistan 12
The increase of the cooperation between Russian exhibition organizers and
their colleagues, industrial associations and authorities abroad including
Germany, Italy, China, Poland, Turkey, France, Czech Republic.
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
19. Ukraine (The Source, The Exhibition Federation of
Ukraine)
The Ukrainian exhibition business development started in 1991., after the
country gained independence
In the first decade of the Ukrainian exhibition business, the exhibition
organizers developed well-known trade and consumer shows of a relatively
high standard
The launch of two new exhibition centres (2003) due to the efforts of the
players in the exhibition market, without any state or municipal investments
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
20. Ukraine (2)
110 organizers of exhibitions and fairs in Ukraine and the organize about 550
events annually in 35 cities, 80% of which are specialized events.
16 exhibition organizers are full members of the Exhibition Federation of
Ukraine which unites almost all professional market players,
11 events in Ukraine are UFI approved.
The net area of all exhibitions in 2006 appears to exceed 400,000 sq. m
the number of exhibitors is about 25,000, with more than 5.5 million visitors.
This is only a crude estimate due to the lack of reliable (audited) data
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
21. Ukraine (3)
The leading exhibition organizers in Ukraine are :
Kyiv International Contract Fair (certainly the No. 1 company, a UFI and
CENTREX member, with a total net exhibition area in 2006 of approx.
99,000 sq. m),
Euroindex (the leader in business-to-business fairs, a UFI and CENTREX
member, with approx. 35,000 sq. m),
ExpoDonbass (based in Donetsk, the No. 1 company outside Kyiv, a UFI
member, with approx. 30,000 sq. m,
And the others, Primus Ukraine, Autoexpo and ITE (the only significant
foreign organiser).
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
22. Ukraine (4)
The strongest exhibition sectors and foreign partners in Ukraine are:
The construction industry followed by agriculture, motor shows, industrial
technology fairs, furniture, and the high-tech industry.
The top foreign trade partners of Ukraine are (in order, by total turnover):
Russia, Germany, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Italy, China, Poland, Belarus,
Hungary, Korea and Kazakhstan. Major exports are ferrous metals, oil
products, machinery, and foodstuffs; major imports are oil, gas and oil
products, automobiles, machinery, and plastics.
The restructuring and consolidation in the exhibition market is becoming
obvious: the leaders strengthen their positions, the less professional
companies are loosing their market share.
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
23. Polen (The Source, Polish Chamber of Exhibition Industry)
The key performance indicators of the Polish exhibition industry sector:
The exhibition space rented, number of exhibitors and number of visitors -
improved considerably in 2007, which is the result of an economic revival
and stronger consumer confidence,
The expansion of the exhibition market with the number of exhibitions
rising from 189 to 216.
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
24. Polen (2)
The exhibition industry in Poland, figures in 2007
A total of 639,771 m2 of exhibition space was rented at 216 exhibitions
organized by 24 companies (the PCEI members) in 2007.
The exhibitions attracted 30,621 exhibitors and 1 001 001 visitors. Compared
with 2006, the space increased by 21,3%, the number of exhibitors rose by
13,8%, while the number of visitors increased by 27,6%.
The increase in numbers of exhibitors, both national (14%) and foreign
(13,4%) shows that exhibitions are considered important and attractive for
entrepreneurs.
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
25. Polen (3)
The industry leaders in Polen in terms of exhibition space rented and the total
number of exhibitors:
Poznan International Fair,
Kielce Trade Fairs,
Gdansk International Fair,
Trade Fairs in Krakow and MT Polska (International Trade Fairs Polen) based
in Warsaw.
The five organizers have a 79 % share of the market in terms of exhibition space
and 72 % share in terms of the total number of exhibitors. They also host 86% of
foreign exhibitors.
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
26. Central & Eastern European exhibition industry
associations and initiatives
CENTREX – International Exhibition Statistics Union is the top exhibition industry
organization in Central Eastern Europe not only for promoting transparency, reliability
and real market-value of exhibition statistics (her initial concept), but growingly also in
promoting exhibitions as excellent face-to-face marketing tool in general aspect.
Founding members were leading trade fair organizers of the region: Brno, Poznan,
Budapest, Bratislava.
CEFA – Central European Fair Alliance is an exhibition organizers network for intensive
business contacts in Central and South Eastern Europe and has 21 member (all of them
are UFI members)
The objective of CEFA is to tackle new problems in an age of increased globalization with
future-oriented solutions. European unity has created a new market that offers new
diversity, new opportunities and new sales potential.
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
27. NEEC – New Europe Expo Club
Idea to become Think Thank of the Eastern European exhibition industry. The meetings
of NEEC took place in Croatia 2006 and Romania 2007.
Members of NEEC considering the trade fair market and business model in their
respective countries have specific characters. They intent to analyze the changes of
these characters and of the market situation
Members of NEEC will endorse mutual interests of Central, Eastern and South Eastern
European trade fairs within the scope of trade fair associations (UFI, UFI European
Chapter, CEFA, Centrex).
Members of NEEC will promote advantages and significance of organizing trade fairs
for the cities, regions and states they are active in, with the aim to strengthen the
cooperation and support of the local government and economic institutions
Members of NEEC will intensify their mutual cooperation, especially in the field of trade
fairs organization, trade visits, VIP guests and delegations and will jointly develop
projects and take part in programs related to the education of exhibitors, partners and
their own emploies
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg
28. Thank you for your attention
See you in Croatia
CBBS - Management Consulting Co. - UFI European Chapter, St. Petersburg