3. Idealism
- Idealism a philosophical theory advocating that
reality depends on the mind for existence and truth
is universal and absolute
IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
- Fitness and strength activities contribute to the
development of one's personality.
- The teacher is a model for students.
4. IDEALISM
Since reasoning and mental processes are important in
understanding truth, the physical therapist uses
idealism in working with clients to set realistic goals.
The idealist and the sport psychologist understand
reality is more mental than physical, so helping elite
athletes manage the mental side of putting a golf ball or
kicking a field goal is vitally important.
5. Realism
- Realism the philosophical system stressing that
the laws and order of the world as revealed by
science are independent from human experiences
IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
- The physical world is real.
- A realist believes in the laws of nature, the
scientific method.
6. - Physical fitness results in greater
productivity, physical drills are important
to the learning process, athletic programs
lead to desired social behavior, and play
and recreation help life adjustment.
7. REALISM
- Prior to beginning an exercise program, a personal
trainer will assess the capabilities of the client, and,
as would a realist, continue to use measurements to
determine progress made in achieving personal
fitness goals. .
8. Pragmatism
- philosophy emphasizing reality as the
sum total of each individual’s experiences
through practical experimentation
IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
- Experience is key to life.
- Dynamic experience shapes
individuals' truth.
9. - Varied activities present experiences
that are more meaningful.
- Activities are socializing.
- Problem solving accomplishes
learning.
- Education is child-centered.
10. PRAGMATISM
- Directors of recreational facilities realize
participants are practical and pragmatic about use
of leisure time as they seek to enjoy pleasurable,
convenient activities with friends, such as playing
on a softball team or using walking trails.
11. Naturalism
- a belief that the laws of nature govern life and
individual goals are more important than societal
goals
IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
- This philosophy is materialistic.
- Nature is valuable.
- The individual is more important
than society.
12. - Self-activities accomplish learning and
activities more than physical in nature.
- Naturalists promote play and discourage
high levels of competition.
- Play is an important part of the
educational process.
13. NATURALISM
- Lakes, mountains, and other outdoor settings
provide a wealth of opportunities where
recreation specialists use natural settings as
learning laboratories so individuals can expand
their skills while enjoying leisure time.
14. Existentialism
- Philosophy that centers on individual choices
and advocates that truth and values are
uniquely personal
IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
- The chief concern is individualism.
- Existentialists do not want the individual to
conform to society.
- They promote freedom of choice
and a variety of interests.
15. - Individuals need to have their own
system of values.
- Playing develops creativity and the
discovery of the "inner self."
16. Existentialists feel that we are free to choose our
own terms of engagement in our situation. This is
important for an athlete. Many times athletes are not
given a voice by trainers, coaches, promoters, and
team owners. People are only interested in their
performance rather than who they are as individuals
