This document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) concepts. It discusses iterative development processes like the Unified Process and agile approaches. It emphasizes thinking in terms of objects and their services and responsibilities. The document also covers UML notation, requirements analysis, design patterns, OOA/D principles, and implementing designs in code. Students will study these topics and be assigned homework to define and discuss domain models, interaction diagrams, class diagrams, and use cases.
This document provides an overview of key topics in object-oriented analysis and design that will be covered, including iterative development processes like the Unified Process, UML notation, requirements analysis, OOA/D principles, design patterns, and more. It discusses thinking in terms of objects and their services and responsibilities. Homework is assigned to define and discuss use cases, domain models, interaction diagrams, and class diagrams. Students are responsible for all material in Chapter 1.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses key OOAD concepts like iterative development, the Unified Process, UML notation, thinking in terms of objects and their services/responsibilities. It explains the differences between object-oriented analysis, which focuses on identifying domain objects, and object-oriented design, which defines software objects and how they collaborate. The document uses a dice game example to illustrate domain modeling with objects, interaction diagrams to show message flows, and a class diagram to define class attributes and methods.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses the objectives of learning OOAD skills like UML design diagrams and mapping design to code. The agenda includes an introduction to OOAD, UML diagrams, implementation, and OO testing. Object-oriented analysis focuses on identifying domain objects and requirements, while object-oriented design defines software objects and their relationships to meet requirements. UML is the standard notation used to capture objects and relationships. The design is then mapped to code through implementation. Testing ensures the software functions as intended.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard notation for capturing objects. Analysis investigates the problem domain to identify objects, while design defines how software objects will collaborate to meet requirements. Key concepts discussed include abstraction, encapsulation, information hiding, and the class-responsibility-collaborator modeling technique. Quality management aims to reduce defects through practices applied throughout the software development process.
The document discusses Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) and the Rational Unified Process (RUP). It explains that OOAD involves analyzing a problem domain to identify objects and then designing how software objects will collaborate to meet requirements. RUP is an iterative software development process that uses use cases, UML diagrams, and other artifacts. It has phases like inception, elaboration, construction, and transition where requirements are gathered, designs are created and refined, and software is implemented through iterations.
The document discusses the key elements of the object model, including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. It explains that abstraction is one of the fundamental ways to cope with complexity in software design. Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from other objects, from the perspective of the viewer. The object model provides a conceptual framework for object-oriented programming that is based on these elements.
The document discusses abstraction, which is a fundamental concept of object-oriented design. Abstraction involves focusing on essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from others, separating an object's interface from its implementation. There are different types of abstractions from most to least useful: entity, action, virtual machine, and coincidental. Other key concepts discussed include contracts, invariants, exceptions, static and dynamic properties, and passive vs. active objects.
This document provides an overview of key topics in object-oriented analysis and design that will be covered, including iterative development processes like the Unified Process, UML notation, requirements analysis, OOA/D principles, design patterns, and more. It discusses thinking in terms of objects and their services and responsibilities. Homework is assigned to define and discuss use cases, domain models, interaction diagrams, and class diagrams. Students are responsible for all material in Chapter 1.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses key OOAD concepts like iterative development, the Unified Process, UML notation, thinking in terms of objects and their services/responsibilities. It explains the differences between object-oriented analysis, which focuses on identifying domain objects, and object-oriented design, which defines software objects and how they collaborate. The document uses a dice game example to illustrate domain modeling with objects, interaction diagrams to show message flows, and a class diagram to define class attributes and methods.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses the objectives of learning OOAD skills like UML design diagrams and mapping design to code. The agenda includes an introduction to OOAD, UML diagrams, implementation, and OO testing. Object-oriented analysis focuses on identifying domain objects and requirements, while object-oriented design defines software objects and their relationships to meet requirements. UML is the standard notation used to capture objects and relationships. The design is then mapped to code through implementation. Testing ensures the software functions as intended.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard notation for capturing objects. Analysis investigates the problem domain to identify objects, while design defines how software objects will collaborate to meet requirements. Key concepts discussed include abstraction, encapsulation, information hiding, and the class-responsibility-collaborator modeling technique. Quality management aims to reduce defects through practices applied throughout the software development process.
The document discusses Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) and the Rational Unified Process (RUP). It explains that OOAD involves analyzing a problem domain to identify objects and then designing how software objects will collaborate to meet requirements. RUP is an iterative software development process that uses use cases, UML diagrams, and other artifacts. It has phases like inception, elaboration, construction, and transition where requirements are gathered, designs are created and refined, and software is implemented through iterations.
The document discusses the key elements of the object model, including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. It explains that abstraction is one of the fundamental ways to cope with complexity in software design. Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from other objects, from the perspective of the viewer. The object model provides a conceptual framework for object-oriented programming that is based on these elements.
The document discusses abstraction, which is a fundamental concept of object-oriented design. Abstraction involves focusing on essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from others, separating an object's interface from its implementation. There are different types of abstractions from most to least useful: entity, action, virtual machine, and coincidental. Other key concepts discussed include contracts, invariants, exceptions, static and dynamic properties, and passive vs. active objects.
The document discusses abstraction, which is a fundamental concept of object-oriented design. Abstraction involves focusing on an object's essential characteristics and behavior while hiding implementation details. There are different types of abstractions from most useful to least useful. Effective abstractions model real-world entities and provide well-defined interfaces through contracts, preconditions, and postconditions. Both static and dynamic properties of objects must be considered.
The document discusses abstraction, which is a fundamental concept of object-oriented design. Abstraction involves focusing on an object's essential characteristics and behavior while hiding implementation details. There are different types of abstractions from most useful to least useful. Effective abstractions model real-world entities and provide well-defined interfaces through contracts, preconditions, and postconditions. Both static and dynamic properties of objects must be considered.
The document discusses the key elements of the object model, including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. It explains that abstraction is one of the fundamental ways to cope with complexity in software design. Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from other objects, from the perspective of the viewer. The object model provides a conceptual framework for object-oriented programming that is based on these elements.
The document discusses the key elements of the object model, including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. It explains that abstraction is one of the fundamental ways to cope with complexity in software design. Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from other objects, from the perspective of the viewer. The object model provides a conceptual framework for object-oriented programming that is based on these elements.
The document discusses the key elements of the object model, including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. It explains that abstraction is one of the fundamental ways to cope with complexity in software design. Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from other objects, from the perspective of the viewer. The object model provides a conceptual framework for object-oriented programming that is based on these elements.
This document provides an overview of the CS6502 Object Oriented Analysis and Design course. The course covers UML design diagrams, design patterns, case studies, applying design patterns, and coding and testing. It discusses the objectives of learning OOAD skills, UML, mapping design to code, and testing techniques. Textbooks and reference materials are also listed. The syllabus outlines five units covering UML diagrams, design patterns, a case study, applying patterns, and coding and testing.
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) is a software engineering methodology that involves using object-oriented concepts to design and implement software systems. OOAD involves a number of techniques and practices, including object-oriented programming, design patterns, UML diagrams, and use cases.
The document discusses Unit II of a syllabus which covers class diagrams, including elaboration, domain modeling, finding conceptual classes and relationships. It discusses when to use class diagrams and provides examples of a class diagram for a hotel management system. It also discusses inception and elaboration phases in software development processes and provides artifacts used in elaboration. Finally, it discusses domain modeling including how to identify conceptual classes, draw associations, and avoid adding too many associations.
Module3 - Object Oriented Analysis & Functional Model.pdfGerard Alba
This document provides an overview of Module 3 which covers object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the functional model. It discusses how OOAD uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to represent different components and interactions of a software system through various diagrams. Specifically, it explains that Module 3 will focus on the functional model, which illustrates system functionality and user interactions, while Modules 4-6 will cover the dynamic and static models. The document also distinguishes between analysis, which understands system requirements, and design, which produces specifications to be implemented.
Assignment 1 SYD601 2012 rick_danby completed with audioRickNZ
The document provides an overview of object-oriented systems development. It discusses object-oriented analysis, design, and programming. It covers key concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It also discusses the unified process, a popular iterative software development process, and its four phases: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOA/D). It discusses the key concepts of analysis, design, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It also provides an example of analyzing and designing a simple dice game to illustrate the process, including defining use cases, creating a domain model, interaction diagrams, and a design class diagram. The goal is to teach students how to apply OOA/D principles and the UML notation to create robust and maintainable software designs.
This document provides an overview of Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD). It discusses the history and basics of OOAD, including the importance of modeling, principles of modeling, and object-oriented modeling. It also introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and provides an example of key OOAD steps like defining use cases, domain models, interaction diagrams, and design class diagrams using a dice game as an example. The conceptual model of UML is also explained, focusing on its basic building blocks, rules, and common mechanisms.
This document discusses object-oriented modeling and design. It provides an overview of key concepts in object-oriented thinking like objects, classes, polymorphism, and inheritance. It also describes object-oriented methodology, including analysis, system design, object design, and implementation. Additionally, it discusses object modeling technique (OMT) and the unified modeling language (UML), including the four main views (use case view, design view, process view, and implementation view) used in UML architecture.
Unit 1( modelling concepts & class modeling)Manoj Reddy
The document discusses object-oriented modeling and design. It covers key concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It also discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) which provides standard notation for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting models. The document is a lecture on object-oriented concepts for students to understand modeling using classes, objects, and relationships.
This document discusses object-oriented system design and modeling. It introduces key concepts like object-oriented principles, the software development lifecycle, and UML modeling. It explains that object-oriented concepts are widely used in software solution design across domains. Skilled professionals with a strong foundation in object-oriented design are needed to fulfill increasing requirements. The document then covers stages of software development like analysis, design, and implementation. It also discusses phases of object-oriented development like analysis, design, and self-contained objects and classes.
The document discusses applying object-oriented design principles to the design of a point of sale (POS) system. It covers applying several GRASP patterns, including Creator, Information Expert, and Low Coupling.
For the Creator pattern, it suggests the Sale class should create SalesLineItem objects since a Sale contains line items. For Information Expert, it assigns responsibilities to classes that have the necessary information - Sale computes the total since it contains line items, SalesLineItem computes the subtotal since it knows quantity and price, and ProductDescription provides the price. Low Coupling aims to reduce dependencies between classes.
OOAD Part A Question with answer and Part B & C questions.
References :
1) Previous University Questions.
2) Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and Iterative Development by Craig Larman.
3) Google search engine for text and images.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses key concepts like objects, classes, attributes, methods, analysis, and design. OOAD models a system as interacting objects and involves analyzing concepts in the problem domain and designing software objects to represent those concepts. The document contrasts the traditional procedural approach with the object-oriented approach, which focuses on logical solutions based on objects. It provides examples of objects and classes and explains how objects are grouped into classes to define common attributes and behaviors.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented concepts and methodologies. It defines key OO terms like abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and more. It also discusses object-oriented modeling techniques and popular object-oriented methodologies like Booch, RDD, OMT, and OOSE. The document aims to equip readers with an understanding of fundamental OO principles and how they are applied in analysis, design, and implementation of object-oriented systems.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
The document discusses abstraction, which is a fundamental concept of object-oriented design. Abstraction involves focusing on an object's essential characteristics and behavior while hiding implementation details. There are different types of abstractions from most useful to least useful. Effective abstractions model real-world entities and provide well-defined interfaces through contracts, preconditions, and postconditions. Both static and dynamic properties of objects must be considered.
The document discusses abstraction, which is a fundamental concept of object-oriented design. Abstraction involves focusing on an object's essential characteristics and behavior while hiding implementation details. There are different types of abstractions from most useful to least useful. Effective abstractions model real-world entities and provide well-defined interfaces through contracts, preconditions, and postconditions. Both static and dynamic properties of objects must be considered.
The document discusses the key elements of the object model, including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. It explains that abstraction is one of the fundamental ways to cope with complexity in software design. Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from other objects, from the perspective of the viewer. The object model provides a conceptual framework for object-oriented programming that is based on these elements.
The document discusses the key elements of the object model, including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. It explains that abstraction is one of the fundamental ways to cope with complexity in software design. Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from other objects, from the perspective of the viewer. The object model provides a conceptual framework for object-oriented programming that is based on these elements.
The document discusses the key elements of the object model, including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. It explains that abstraction is one of the fundamental ways to cope with complexity in software design. Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from other objects, from the perspective of the viewer. The object model provides a conceptual framework for object-oriented programming that is based on these elements.
This document provides an overview of the CS6502 Object Oriented Analysis and Design course. The course covers UML design diagrams, design patterns, case studies, applying design patterns, and coding and testing. It discusses the objectives of learning OOAD skills, UML, mapping design to code, and testing techniques. Textbooks and reference materials are also listed. The syllabus outlines five units covering UML diagrams, design patterns, a case study, applying patterns, and coding and testing.
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) is a software engineering methodology that involves using object-oriented concepts to design and implement software systems. OOAD involves a number of techniques and practices, including object-oriented programming, design patterns, UML diagrams, and use cases.
The document discusses Unit II of a syllabus which covers class diagrams, including elaboration, domain modeling, finding conceptual classes and relationships. It discusses when to use class diagrams and provides examples of a class diagram for a hotel management system. It also discusses inception and elaboration phases in software development processes and provides artifacts used in elaboration. Finally, it discusses domain modeling including how to identify conceptual classes, draw associations, and avoid adding too many associations.
Module3 - Object Oriented Analysis & Functional Model.pdfGerard Alba
This document provides an overview of Module 3 which covers object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the functional model. It discusses how OOAD uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to represent different components and interactions of a software system through various diagrams. Specifically, it explains that Module 3 will focus on the functional model, which illustrates system functionality and user interactions, while Modules 4-6 will cover the dynamic and static models. The document also distinguishes between analysis, which understands system requirements, and design, which produces specifications to be implemented.
Assignment 1 SYD601 2012 rick_danby completed with audioRickNZ
The document provides an overview of object-oriented systems development. It discusses object-oriented analysis, design, and programming. It covers key concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It also discusses the unified process, a popular iterative software development process, and its four phases: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOA/D). It discusses the key concepts of analysis, design, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It also provides an example of analyzing and designing a simple dice game to illustrate the process, including defining use cases, creating a domain model, interaction diagrams, and a design class diagram. The goal is to teach students how to apply OOA/D principles and the UML notation to create robust and maintainable software designs.
This document provides an overview of Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD). It discusses the history and basics of OOAD, including the importance of modeling, principles of modeling, and object-oriented modeling. It also introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and provides an example of key OOAD steps like defining use cases, domain models, interaction diagrams, and design class diagrams using a dice game as an example. The conceptual model of UML is also explained, focusing on its basic building blocks, rules, and common mechanisms.
This document discusses object-oriented modeling and design. It provides an overview of key concepts in object-oriented thinking like objects, classes, polymorphism, and inheritance. It also describes object-oriented methodology, including analysis, system design, object design, and implementation. Additionally, it discusses object modeling technique (OMT) and the unified modeling language (UML), including the four main views (use case view, design view, process view, and implementation view) used in UML architecture.
Unit 1( modelling concepts & class modeling)Manoj Reddy
The document discusses object-oriented modeling and design. It covers key concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It also discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) which provides standard notation for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting models. The document is a lecture on object-oriented concepts for students to understand modeling using classes, objects, and relationships.
This document discusses object-oriented system design and modeling. It introduces key concepts like object-oriented principles, the software development lifecycle, and UML modeling. It explains that object-oriented concepts are widely used in software solution design across domains. Skilled professionals with a strong foundation in object-oriented design are needed to fulfill increasing requirements. The document then covers stages of software development like analysis, design, and implementation. It also discusses phases of object-oriented development like analysis, design, and self-contained objects and classes.
The document discusses applying object-oriented design principles to the design of a point of sale (POS) system. It covers applying several GRASP patterns, including Creator, Information Expert, and Low Coupling.
For the Creator pattern, it suggests the Sale class should create SalesLineItem objects since a Sale contains line items. For Information Expert, it assigns responsibilities to classes that have the necessary information - Sale computes the total since it contains line items, SalesLineItem computes the subtotal since it knows quantity and price, and ProductDescription provides the price. Low Coupling aims to reduce dependencies between classes.
OOAD Part A Question with answer and Part B & C questions.
References :
1) Previous University Questions.
2) Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and Iterative Development by Craig Larman.
3) Google search engine for text and images.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses key concepts like objects, classes, attributes, methods, analysis, and design. OOAD models a system as interacting objects and involves analyzing concepts in the problem domain and designing software objects to represent those concepts. The document contrasts the traditional procedural approach with the object-oriented approach, which focuses on logical solutions based on objects. It provides examples of objects and classes and explains how objects are grouped into classes to define common attributes and behaviors.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented concepts and methodologies. It defines key OO terms like abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and more. It also discusses object-oriented modeling techniques and popular object-oriented methodologies like Booch, RDD, OMT, and OOSE. The document aims to equip readers with an understanding of fundamental OO principles and how they are applied in analysis, design, and implementation of object-oriented systems.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
2. Disclaimer
• Slides come from a variety of sources:
– Craig Larman-developed slides; author of this classic textbook.
– Dr. Constantinos Constantinides, University of London
– Slides from the University of Pittsburg
– Slides from many of my existing slides on these same topics
– New slides from sources unknown…
2
3. Chapter 1
• Chapter one covers a host of many topics central to today’s
technologies.
• These skills are essential in today’s professional community.
• We will talk about (in some detail) iterative development,
evolutionary development, the Unified Process, agile
approaches, UML,
• Later on we will advance into more complex concepts that
address framework design and architectural analysis.
• Please note that the materials are meant to be foundational.
3
4. Thinking in Objects and UML - 1
• The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard
diagramming notation; sometimes referred to as a blueprint.
• It is NOT OOA/OOD or a method
• Only a notation for capturing objects.
• UML is language-independent
• Analysis and design provide software “blueprints” captured in
UML.
• Blueprints serve as a tool for thought and as a form of
communication with others.
4
5. Thinking in Objects and UML – 2
• But it is far more essential to ‘think’ in terms of objects as
providing ‘services’ and accommodating ‘responsibilities.’
• Discuss: What is meant by ‘services?’ How indicated?
– How might you think these ‘services’ impact the design of classes?
– How might a client access these services?
• Discuss: What is meant by ‘responsibilities?’
– Encapsulation of data and services?
5
6. 6
Thinking in Terms of Objects and UML - 3
• Object-Oriented Analysis (Overview)
– An investigation of the problem (rather than how a solution is defined)
– During OO analysis, there is an emphasis on finding and describing the
objects (or concepts) in the problem domain.
– For example, concepts in a Library Information System include Book,
and Library.
7. 7
Thinking in Terms of Objects and UML - 4
• Object-Oriented Design
– Emphasizes a conceptual solution that fulfills the requirements.
– Need to define software objects and how they collaborate to fulfill the
requirements.
– For example, in the Library Information System, a Book software object
may have a title attribute and a getChapter method.
• Designs are implemented in a programming language.
– In the example, we will have a Book class in Java.
8. 8
Thinking in Terms of Objects and UML – 5
From Design to Implementation
Book
title
print()
public class Book {
public void print();
private String title;
}
Book
(concept)
Analysis
investigation
of the problem
Design
logical solution
Construction
code
Domain concept Representation in
analysis of concepts
Representation in an
object-oriented
programming language.
Can you see the services / responsibilities in the Book class?
9. Thinking in Objects and UML-6
• Then too, there are sets of proven design solutions to problems
that are considered ‘best practices.’
– Certain ‘groupings’ of classes with specific responsibilities / interfaces.
– These provide specific solutions to specific problems.
– Called Design Patterns
• We will discuss (much later) these patterns and how to apply
them to develop solutions to problems.
9
10. Thinking in Objects and UML-7
• Of course, design, solutions to requirements, ‘assume’ a robust
requirements analysis has taken place.
• Use Cases are often used to capture stories of requriements.
• Use Cases are not specifically designed to be object-oriented,
but rather are meant to capture how an application will be used.
• While there are many methods for capturing requirements, we
will concentrate on Use Cases ahead.
10
11. 11
Basic Terms: Iterative, Evolutionary, and Agile
1. Introduction
• Iterative because the entire project will be composed of min-
projects and will iterate the same activities again and again (but
on different part of the project) until completion.
• Evolutionary (or incremental) because the software grows by
increments (to be opposed to the traditional, and somewhat old-
fashioned, Waterfall model of software development).
• Agile because we will use a light approach to software
development rather than a very rigid one (which may be needed
for a safety-critical system for example)
• This kind of approach seems better at treating software
development as a problem solving activity; also the use of
objects makes it amenable.
12. 12
Our Approach:
• We need a Requirements Analysis approach with OOA/OOD
need to be practiced in a framework of a development process.
• We will adopt an agile approach (light weight, flexible) in the
context of the Unified Process, which can be used as a sample
iterative development process.
• Within this process, the principles can be discussed.
• Please note that there are several other contexts that may be
used, such as Scrum, Feature-Driven Development, Lean
Development, Crystal Methods and others…
13. 13
Why the Unified Process:
• The Unified Process is a popular iterative software development
process.
• Iterative and evolutionary development involves relatively early
programming and testing of a partial system, in repeated cycles.
• It typically also means that development starts before the exact
software requirements have been specified in detail; feedback is
used to clarify, correct and improve the evolving specification:
this is in complete contrast to what we usually mean by
engineering!
14. 14
2. What is the Unified Process?
• The UP is very flexible and open and can include other practices
from other methods such as Extreme Programming (XP) or
Scrum for example.
– e.g. XP’s test-driven development, refactoring can fit within a UP
project; So can Scrum’s daily meeting.
– Being pragmatic in adapting a particular process to your needs is an
important skill : all projects are different.
15. We will be studying all of the topics found in Fig. 1.1
Topics and Skills
UML notation
Requirements
analysis
Principles and
guidelines
Patterns
Iterative
development with
an agile Unified
Process
OOA/D
16. The Rush to Code
• Critical ability to develop is to think in terms of objects and to
artfully assign responsibilities to software objects.
• Talk at great length in COP 3538 about encapsulation and
assigning methods to objects where the data is defined…
• One cannot design a solution if the requirements are not
understood.
• One cannot implement the design if the design is faulty.
• If I could only stop my students….
16
17. The Rush to Code
• Analysis: - investigate the problem and the requirements.
– What is needed? Required functions? Investigate domain objects.
– The Whats of a system.
– Do the right thing (analysis)
• Design:
– Conceptual solution that meets requirements.
– Not an implementation
– Describe a database schema and software objects.
– Avoid the CRUD activities and commonly understood functionality.
– The ‘Hows’ of the system
– Do the thing right (design)
17
18. What is Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
• OOA: we find and describe objects or concepts in the problem
domain
• OOD: we define how these software objects collaborate to meet
the requirements.
– Attributes and methods.
• OOP: Implementation: we implement the design objects in,
say, Java, C++, C#, etc.
18
19. Homework Assignment #1
• Using the model below, develop a two-three page discussion
outlining the four activities listed and present the major features of
each.
A short definition and example of a domain model, interaction
diagram, and class diagram is sufficient, but be prepared to discuss
each of these.
Also, have a general idea about use cases – what they are designed
to do and what they are not designed to do.
19
Define Use Cases Define Domain Model Define Interaction
Diagrams
Define Design Class
Diagrams