C++Day-1 Introduction.ppt

Session Objectives
Define Class & Objects
Characteristics of OOPS
History of C++
Difference Between C & C++
C++ Programming Structure
Introduction to Objects

All around us in the
real world are
objects.
Each object has
certain
characteristics and
exhibits certain
behaviour

Data
Color : Black
Year : 2008
Actions
Start
Stop
Accelerate
OBJEC
T

1. The Object-Oriented Approach
- III
Personnel
Accounts Sales
The real world around is full of objects .We can consider both living
beings as well as things as objects.For example,the different
departments in a company are objects.

Why OOP’s Concept are Used?
The drawbacks of Traditional Programming
approach are
Unmanageable Programs
Code Reusability not Optimum
Problems in Modification of Data
Difficulty in Implementation

Object – Oriented Programming
Accounts
Data
Employee details
Salary statements
Bills
Vouchers
Reciepts
Functions
Calculate salary
Pay salary
Pay bills
Tally accounts
Transact with banks
Here the application has to implement the entities as they are
seen in real life and associate actions and attributes with each.

Benefits of Object Oriented Programming approach
are -
 OOP offers better implementation
 OOP offers better data security
 OOP offers better code reusability
 OOP offers more flexibility
 OOP offers better manageable programs
 Large complexity in the software development
can be easily managed
 User defined datatypes can be easily constructed

Object Oriented Approach
Problem
Identification Analysis
Design
Development
Testing
Implementation
Maintenance

 Data acquisition Systems
 Client/Server Computing
 Object –Oriented Database applications
 Artificial Intelligence and expert systems
 systems such as process control, temperature control etc.
 GUI based system such as Windows Applications
 Computer Aided Design and manufacturing Systems

1. Class : collection of data members & member
functions (methods)
2. Object : instance of a class
3. Encapsulation : binding code & data
4. Data Abstraction : securing data
5. Inheritance: creating new class from existing class
6. Polymorphism : ability to take more than one form
many form

Grouping of data and functions into a
single entity is known as Data
Encapsulation
It is a technical name for
information hiding. (i.e data hiding or
data security)

Encapsulation
Not accessible from
outside class
Accessible from outside
class
Private
Public
Class

Data abstraction enhances security as use
of data is restricted to certain functions
only.
Abstraction is more used where you
want only a certain number of
functions/methods are accessing data.

Attributes
Methods
Class
For Example
Data abstraction is a process of
identifying properties and
methods related much to a
particular entity as relevant to the
application

It is the process of
creating a new class from
an existing class

Insects Mammals Reptiles Amphibians
Humans Non-Humans
Animals
Reusability can be achieved through inheritance

Reusability
Programs can be
broken into reusable
objects
Existing classes can be
used with additional
features
Shape

• polymorphism allows a programmer to
purse a course of action by sending a
message to an object without concerning
about how the software system is to
implement the action
Simply defined as “Same thing
can behave different ones”

Class -
Artiste
Dancer Poet
Sculptor
Class : Shape
Methods :
Draw
Move
Initialize
Subclasses

A class is what defines all the data
members and the functions that an object
should have.
The class defines the characteristics that
the object will possess; it could also be
referred to as a blueprint of the object.

For Example
Polygon
objects
Polygon class
Properties
Vertices
Border Color
Fill Color
Methods
Draw
Erase
Move
Abstract
into

Simply defined as a structure that combines the
objects with some attributes (data structure)
and some behavior (operation)
+

Access Specifiers of a Class
Class
Data
functions
Private
Public
Not
accessible
from outside
the class
Accessible
from outside
the class

To access the member data
and member function defined
inside the class

Object Oriented Languages
• Some of the leading object oriented
languages are:
– C++
– Java
– C#.Net
– Python
– R

Author of C++ is
Bjarne stroustrup
He invented this language in 1980's at
AT&T Bell Laboratories
C with Class
All the C programs can be run
successfully using C++ compiler

C++ was designed using two
languages such as “C” Language
which gives the low-level feature
and “Simula67” provides the
class concept.

C Language C++ Language
Procedural Programming Language
POP
Object Oriented Programming
Language. OOP
Header file : #include<stdio.h> #include<iostream.h>
Top down approach Bottom up approach
Function prototypes are optional All Functions must be prototyped
Local variables declared only the start
of a C program
It can be declared anywhere in a
program, before they are used
Return type for a function is optional Return type must be specified
Do not permit data Hiding They permit data hiding
By default structure members are
public
By default class members are
private
We can call a main() function within a
program.
This is not allowed

Each class specification starts with the keyword “class”
The Class Specification must always end with a semicolon (;)
Data abstraction is the ability to create user-defined data
types for modeling real world objects using built-in data types.
Classes are used for data abstraction by hiding the
implementation of a type in the “private” part.
Polymorphism in Greek word means “Many Forms”

A class is an enhanced structure that provides Object-Oriented
Features of C++
An object is an instance of a class which combines both data
and functions together.
Encapsulation is the process of combining member functions
and the data it manipulates and keeps them safe from outside
interference
The three access specifiers in a class are private, public and
protected
By default all members declared inside a class are private to
that class
C++ provides two pre-defined objects cin and cout for handling
input and output

EXERCISES
1. Describe the Basic concepts of OOPS?
2. List the various applications of Object oriented
Programming?
3. Explain briefly Classes & Objects?
4. State the use of #include directive in C++?
5. List the various benefits of Object Oriented Programming?

C++Day-1 Introduction.ppt

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