Sociocultural Exchanges
Examine the impact of cultural dilution on one indigenous and remote society through the influence of international interactions.
The document summarizes the reasons for early human migration to North America around 10,000 years ago. It states that Native peoples from Asia crossed a natural ice bridge between Siberia and Alaska during an Ice Age period when lower sea levels exposed the land bridge. They followed animal herds for food and survived by hunting mammoths, caribou, and other game. The changing climate in Asia also drove migration as people sought more hospitable temperatures. Curiosity and a desire for new opportunities additionally prompted the first humans to cross over and establish settlements in North America.
The Gunas live mostly in the San Blas Islands off the coast of Panama, with a population of over 61,000 people according to the 2000 census. They practice subsistence agriculture, fishing, hunting and crafts like sewing traditional molas textiles. Women wear colorful skirts and shirts decorated with molas, while men wear plain clothes; their homes are thatched straw huts. Gunas customs include monogamous marriages arranged by parents, and celebrating unions with festivals like the nighttime inna-Mutiki feast.
The document summarizes the construction and impacts of the Belo Monte dam on Brazil's Xingu River. It discusses the history of opposition to damming the Xingu due to environmental and cultural impacts. Construction of the Belo Monte dam began in 2011 and it is set to be operational in late 2015. The dam will directly impact 170km of the Xingu River by flooding half of that stretch and dewatering the rest. This will negatively impact fish and aquatic life that are adapted to the rapids. The document also describes efforts by the iXingu Project to establish an ecological baseline of the river prior to the dam's completion to track future environmental impacts.
The Kayapo people have lived sustainably in the Amazon Rainforest of Brazil for thousands of years, using the forest for food, shelter, medicine, Brazil nuts, and transportation on rivers. They build settlements in very set patterns and live in them for periods marked by seasonal ceremonies and animist beliefs, but their traditional way of life is now threatened by deforestation from logging, farming, mining, and hydroelectric dams like the contested Belo Monte Dam project.
The Amazon Pueblo project help indigenous villages in the Colombian Amazon to improve their standard of living through sustainable business. We are an all-volunteer program. We welcome new volunteers.
The document discusses three topics related to conservation:
1) A decline in biodiversity of farmed plants and livestock is threatening future food supplies as only 30 crops account for 95% of calories and 22% of livestock breeds are at risk of extinction. Preserving genetic diversity is important for adapting to climate change.
2) Canaima National Park in Venezuela protects unique table mountain formations and is habitat for diverse wildlife, though under threat from resource extraction. The park is also important for hydroelectric power and inhabited by indigenous Pemón people.
3) The illegal wildlife trade is a lucrative $8-20 billion industry, driving poaching of rhinos and elephants for traditional medicine and ornamental demand in Asia. This dec
The document summarizes the reasons for early human migration to North America around 10,000 years ago. It states that Native peoples from Asia crossed a natural ice bridge between Siberia and Alaska during an Ice Age period when lower sea levels exposed the land bridge. They followed animal herds for food and survived by hunting mammoths, caribou, and other game. The changing climate in Asia also drove migration as people sought more hospitable temperatures. Curiosity and a desire for new opportunities additionally prompted the first humans to cross over and establish settlements in North America.
The Gunas live mostly in the San Blas Islands off the coast of Panama, with a population of over 61,000 people according to the 2000 census. They practice subsistence agriculture, fishing, hunting and crafts like sewing traditional molas textiles. Women wear colorful skirts and shirts decorated with molas, while men wear plain clothes; their homes are thatched straw huts. Gunas customs include monogamous marriages arranged by parents, and celebrating unions with festivals like the nighttime inna-Mutiki feast.
The document summarizes the construction and impacts of the Belo Monte dam on Brazil's Xingu River. It discusses the history of opposition to damming the Xingu due to environmental and cultural impacts. Construction of the Belo Monte dam began in 2011 and it is set to be operational in late 2015. The dam will directly impact 170km of the Xingu River by flooding half of that stretch and dewatering the rest. This will negatively impact fish and aquatic life that are adapted to the rapids. The document also describes efforts by the iXingu Project to establish an ecological baseline of the river prior to the dam's completion to track future environmental impacts.
The Kayapo people have lived sustainably in the Amazon Rainforest of Brazil for thousands of years, using the forest for food, shelter, medicine, Brazil nuts, and transportation on rivers. They build settlements in very set patterns and live in them for periods marked by seasonal ceremonies and animist beliefs, but their traditional way of life is now threatened by deforestation from logging, farming, mining, and hydroelectric dams like the contested Belo Monte Dam project.
The Amazon Pueblo project help indigenous villages in the Colombian Amazon to improve their standard of living through sustainable business. We are an all-volunteer program. We welcome new volunteers.
The document discusses three topics related to conservation:
1) A decline in biodiversity of farmed plants and livestock is threatening future food supplies as only 30 crops account for 95% of calories and 22% of livestock breeds are at risk of extinction. Preserving genetic diversity is important for adapting to climate change.
2) Canaima National Park in Venezuela protects unique table mountain formations and is habitat for diverse wildlife, though under threat from resource extraction. The park is also important for hydroelectric power and inhabited by indigenous Pemón people.
3) The illegal wildlife trade is a lucrative $8-20 billion industry, driving poaching of rhinos and elephants for traditional medicine and ornamental demand in Asia. This dec
"We, the People" 2016 Calendar (Survival International) Photography Contest: ...maditabalnco
The calendar showcases portraits of indigenous tribes from around the world taken by amateur and professional photographers. The winning entries celebrate tribal diversity and raise awareness of threats to tribal lands and cultures. Some of the featured tribes include the Bajau sea nomads of Malaysia, Huichol children in Mexico, and a woman preparing coffee among the Hamar people of Ethiopia.
The document discusses the Yanomani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon rainforest. It describes their traditional nomadic lifestyle and how they practice shifting cultivation. However, their way of life is now threatened by illegal gold miners (garimpeiros) invading their land, bringing disease and environmental damage. The Brazilian government has created a Yanomani Park to protect their territory, but some oppose setting aside this large area of land. Large-scale development projects in the Amazon are also discussed, such as roads, mining, dams and logging, and their impacts on the local environment and people.
Oxfam is supporting a project in Bolivia to revive an ancestral farming technique called camellones that was used by early cultures to farm sustainably in the flood-prone Beni region. Camellones are elevated ridges surrounded by canals that allow crops to be grown even during floods. Oxfam helped a community build experimental camellones and plant crops. Initial results are promising, with the harvests expected to be shared communally. If successful, camellones could help local farmers better cope with regular floods and droughts while protecting the environment.
This September, students from Greene’s Lisbon and Oxford, began a 6-month international campaign, communicating the hard facts surrounding the plight of the White Rhino, while focusing on conservation in general. Collaborating with the Lisbon Zoo, WWF, Rhino Pride Foundation, Save the RHINO, Lisbon Oceanarium and other inspiring professionals and institutions, Greene’s students aim to stir up a new awareness and action as a resilient response to human impact.
Aspiring not only to deliver results, but also becoming frontrunners - innovative, interdisciplinary, able to communicate effectively the message of conservation - the students hope to create a global momentum that will inspire above and beyond the campaign.
Greene’s Tutorial College Lisboa Avenida Senhora do Monte de Saúde 266 2765-452 Estoril - Portugal Telf: + 351 211 165 450 Tlm: + 351 925 882 491 E-mail: info@greenes-pt.com www.greenes.pt
Putting an end to deforestation has been a political goal for many years due to the benefits forests provide. Forests supply essential materials for everyday life like paper, are a source of renewable energy, and provide habitats for animals and oxygen. However, deforestation is increasing due to factors like agricultural expansion, development, and increasing demand for wood products. Deforestation has negative consequences such as reduced economic benefits, species extinction, and increased global warming. Therefore, efforts must be made to sustain forests to benefit both the environment and economy.
The document discusses Brazil's plans to build 60-70 large dams in the Amazon over the next 20 years as part of its Accelerated Growth Program. This will have devastating environmental and social consequences, including deforestation of over 5000 square kilometers from the Belo Monte dam alone. The dams threaten the traditional way of life of Indigenous communities in the Xingu River basin, who face loss of territory, culture, and health impacts. The Belo Monte dam has faced widespread protests and legal challenges over its impacts and failure to properly consult Indigenous peoples, setting precedents for future dams planned in the Tapajos River basin.
Mega Dams - Belo Monte - Christian PoirierNatureRights
The document discusses Brazil's plans to build 60-70 large dams in the Amazon over the next 20 years as part of its Accelerated Growth Program. This will have devastating environmental and social consequences, including deforestation of over 5000 square km from the Belo Monte dam alone and negative impacts on indigenous communities in the region. It focuses on the impacts of the controversial Belo Monte dam project and Brazil's plans for additional dams on the Tapajos River, which could flood over 198,000 hectares of land including indigenous territories and national parks. There have been widespread protests against the projects and ongoing legal battles around indigenous rights and consultation.
Jap A Dominant Country Conducting Whaling PracticesTanya Williams
Japan has long conducted whaling practices to obtain whale meat and oil, which was an important post-WWII industry. Whaling first began with small-scale coastal hunting but grew in the 17th century with the use of boats and nets. However, whaling risks reducing whale populations, degrading ecosystems, and driving species to extinction due to overexploitation and environmental factors. After a 1986 moratorium, Japan accounted for 20,000 of 36,700 whales killed. Whaling also causes noise pollution affecting whale communication and disrupts the marine food chain by removing a top predator.
Cameron calhoun make the bosque great again midterm project unm crp 275 commu...Dr. J
In the past decades, the Rio Grande bosque in Albuquerque has been under significant stress due to drought, invasive species, climate change, wildfire, and other anthropogenic influences.
The bosque is a huge part of the local community, as it is home to a huge network of trails and attractions and visited regularly by hundreds of people year-round.
The preservation and restoration of urban forests around the globe such as this one is critical for conserving biodiversity in cities, providing access for people to enjoy natural beauty, and producing clean air and water.
This document provides background information on Grand Canyon National Park and the National Park Service in preparation for a centennial magazine celebrating 100 years of the park. It discusses the history of both the NPS and Grand Canyon NP. Key points covered include Theodore Roosevelt's role in establishing the national park system, the various indigenous tribes that inhabited Grand Canyon over time, and current trends affecting the park like an aging visitor demographic and infrastructure. The document outlines goals for the centennial magazine, which are to engage diverse audiences, highlight the people who shaped the park's history, and inspire involvement in the park's future.
The document summarizes information about Ejido 20 de Noviembre, a Mayan community located in Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico. It describes the location of 20 de Noviembre and nearby towns. It provides background on the history of the region, including the founding of nearby Zoh-Laguna in the 1940s by a mahogany company. It also outlines the founding of 20 de Noviembre in 1969 by Mayan people from other areas seeking land. The document concludes by detailing the community's sustainable economic activities, infrastructure, and religious diversity.
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation dataSpatial Genetics
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
"We, the People" 2016 Calendar (Survival International) Photography Contest: ...maditabalnco
The calendar showcases portraits of indigenous tribes from around the world taken by amateur and professional photographers. The winning entries celebrate tribal diversity and raise awareness of threats to tribal lands and cultures. Some of the featured tribes include the Bajau sea nomads of Malaysia, Huichol children in Mexico, and a woman preparing coffee among the Hamar people of Ethiopia.
The document discusses the Yanomani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon rainforest. It describes their traditional nomadic lifestyle and how they practice shifting cultivation. However, their way of life is now threatened by illegal gold miners (garimpeiros) invading their land, bringing disease and environmental damage. The Brazilian government has created a Yanomani Park to protect their territory, but some oppose setting aside this large area of land. Large-scale development projects in the Amazon are also discussed, such as roads, mining, dams and logging, and their impacts on the local environment and people.
Oxfam is supporting a project in Bolivia to revive an ancestral farming technique called camellones that was used by early cultures to farm sustainably in the flood-prone Beni region. Camellones are elevated ridges surrounded by canals that allow crops to be grown even during floods. Oxfam helped a community build experimental camellones and plant crops. Initial results are promising, with the harvests expected to be shared communally. If successful, camellones could help local farmers better cope with regular floods and droughts while protecting the environment.
This September, students from Greene’s Lisbon and Oxford, began a 6-month international campaign, communicating the hard facts surrounding the plight of the White Rhino, while focusing on conservation in general. Collaborating with the Lisbon Zoo, WWF, Rhino Pride Foundation, Save the RHINO, Lisbon Oceanarium and other inspiring professionals and institutions, Greene’s students aim to stir up a new awareness and action as a resilient response to human impact.
Aspiring not only to deliver results, but also becoming frontrunners - innovative, interdisciplinary, able to communicate effectively the message of conservation - the students hope to create a global momentum that will inspire above and beyond the campaign.
Greene’s Tutorial College Lisboa Avenida Senhora do Monte de Saúde 266 2765-452 Estoril - Portugal Telf: + 351 211 165 450 Tlm: + 351 925 882 491 E-mail: info@greenes-pt.com www.greenes.pt
Putting an end to deforestation has been a political goal for many years due to the benefits forests provide. Forests supply essential materials for everyday life like paper, are a source of renewable energy, and provide habitats for animals and oxygen. However, deforestation is increasing due to factors like agricultural expansion, development, and increasing demand for wood products. Deforestation has negative consequences such as reduced economic benefits, species extinction, and increased global warming. Therefore, efforts must be made to sustain forests to benefit both the environment and economy.
The document discusses Brazil's plans to build 60-70 large dams in the Amazon over the next 20 years as part of its Accelerated Growth Program. This will have devastating environmental and social consequences, including deforestation of over 5000 square kilometers from the Belo Monte dam alone. The dams threaten the traditional way of life of Indigenous communities in the Xingu River basin, who face loss of territory, culture, and health impacts. The Belo Monte dam has faced widespread protests and legal challenges over its impacts and failure to properly consult Indigenous peoples, setting precedents for future dams planned in the Tapajos River basin.
Mega Dams - Belo Monte - Christian PoirierNatureRights
The document discusses Brazil's plans to build 60-70 large dams in the Amazon over the next 20 years as part of its Accelerated Growth Program. This will have devastating environmental and social consequences, including deforestation of over 5000 square km from the Belo Monte dam alone and negative impacts on indigenous communities in the region. It focuses on the impacts of the controversial Belo Monte dam project and Brazil's plans for additional dams on the Tapajos River, which could flood over 198,000 hectares of land including indigenous territories and national parks. There have been widespread protests against the projects and ongoing legal battles around indigenous rights and consultation.
Jap A Dominant Country Conducting Whaling PracticesTanya Williams
Japan has long conducted whaling practices to obtain whale meat and oil, which was an important post-WWII industry. Whaling first began with small-scale coastal hunting but grew in the 17th century with the use of boats and nets. However, whaling risks reducing whale populations, degrading ecosystems, and driving species to extinction due to overexploitation and environmental factors. After a 1986 moratorium, Japan accounted for 20,000 of 36,700 whales killed. Whaling also causes noise pollution affecting whale communication and disrupts the marine food chain by removing a top predator.
Cameron calhoun make the bosque great again midterm project unm crp 275 commu...Dr. J
In the past decades, the Rio Grande bosque in Albuquerque has been under significant stress due to drought, invasive species, climate change, wildfire, and other anthropogenic influences.
The bosque is a huge part of the local community, as it is home to a huge network of trails and attractions and visited regularly by hundreds of people year-round.
The preservation and restoration of urban forests around the globe such as this one is critical for conserving biodiversity in cities, providing access for people to enjoy natural beauty, and producing clean air and water.
This document provides background information on Grand Canyon National Park and the National Park Service in preparation for a centennial magazine celebrating 100 years of the park. It discusses the history of both the NPS and Grand Canyon NP. Key points covered include Theodore Roosevelt's role in establishing the national park system, the various indigenous tribes that inhabited Grand Canyon over time, and current trends affecting the park like an aging visitor demographic and infrastructure. The document outlines goals for the centennial magazine, which are to engage diverse audiences, highlight the people who shaped the park's history, and inspire involvement in the park's future.
The document summarizes information about Ejido 20 de Noviembre, a Mayan community located in Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico. It describes the location of 20 de Noviembre and nearby towns. It provides background on the history of the region, including the founding of nearby Zoh-Laguna in the 1940s by a mahogany company. It also outlines the founding of 20 de Noviembre in 1969 by Mayan people from other areas seeking land. The document concludes by detailing the community's sustainable economic activities, infrastructure, and religious diversity.
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation dataSpatial Genetics
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
2. Background
They are found in the Xingu
National Park and Indigenous
People's Reserve.
The Xingu people represent 15
tribes and all four of Brazil's
indigenous groups.
In the late 19th century the
population was at 3000. It fell in
the mid 20th century to 1000
and is presently hovering
around 3000.
Guiness, pg. 177
3. Customs of
the Xingu
They live in traditional long houses.
At dawn each day they have their baths in near by
lagoons.
They fish using hooks and lines and by spear-fishing,
and navigate local creeks with traditional canoes.
They play urua bamboo flutes and engage in Huka-
huka wrestling for entertainment.
montrealgazette.comalamy.commedium.com
4. Guiness, pg. 177
Xingu longhouse with
Xingu people engaged
in traditional Huka-
huka wrestling.
9. montrealgazette.com
"A Yawalapiti man uses
branches from the timbo
plant to spread natural
toxins to paralyse fish and
capture them by hand in
the Xingu National Park,
Mato Grosso State, May 7,
2012."
(montrealgazette.com)
10. Impacts of Cultural
Diffusion on the Xingu
Television sets have become common
features of Xingu longhouses. This has
led to their awareness of modern
consumer society.
The Xingu now appreciate the
usefulness of products such as solar
panels, which are a source of energy
for their water pumps, radio transmitters and TVs.
Some communities in the park provide
accommodation for tourist groups, which is
proving to be a significant source of income.
Modern dress is now a part of daily life.
Cash bought goods have created friction and
jealousy among the Xingu.
Football has spread rapidly in popularity in the
Park.
montrealgazette.com
11. montrealgazette.com
"An aerial view of a
portion of the Xingu
National Park that is
deforested from
agriculture and
logging is seen in
Mato Grosso State,
May 9, 2012."
(montrealgazette.com)
13. medium.com
.
"Students from ten
ethnic groups were
trained to install and
maintain the solar
panels in the Xingu
villages. Between 80
and 90 villages will
benefit from the
project."
(medium.com)
14. The Belo
Monte Dam
Brazil is rapidly developing economically, as
such, it demands new and stable sources of
energy.
Construction began in 2011 although plans to
do so were propagated as early as 1975.
Would be the second largest HEP dam (at 11,
233 megawatts) in Brazil and fourth largest in
the world.
Impacts on the Xingu
Cultural heritage of the people will be lost.
Fish stocks would be decimated.
Lowering the water table would affect
agricultural production by the indigenous
and non-indigenous farmers.
Some Xingu would be forced to relocate
and compete with migrants to make a ends
meet.
16. Guinness, Paul. Geography for the IB Diploma, Global Interactions. Cambridge University press,
2011.
Socioambiental, Instituto. “Solar Xingu – Social Environmental Stories – Medium.” Medium, Social
Environmental Stories, 19 Dec. 2016. 4 Nov 2017. medium.com/social-environmental-
stories/solar-xingu-a915c6cec347.
Bibliography
Text Cited
Images Cited
Bowater, Donna. “Helping Brazil's tribal groups benefit more from tourism.” BBC News, BBC, 22
Jan. 2015. 4 Nov. 2017. www.bbc.com/news/business-30897076.
Guinness, Paul. Geography for the IB Diploma, Global Interactions. Cambridge University press,
2011.
Marcelino, REUTERS/Ueslei. “Photos: The Yawalapiti tribe of Brazil.” Www.montrealgazette.com,
www.montrealgazette.com/health/sexual-health/Alberta sees disturbing jump syphilis
infections/2632748/Alberta still struggling with large syphilis caseload/2285734/Photos Yawalapiti
tribe Brazil/6626055/story.html.
17. “Gisele Bundchen and Leonardo DiCaprio with Xingu Indians in the Amazon.” Getty Images. 4
Nov. 2017. www.gettyimages.co.uk/event/gisele-bundchen-and-leonardo-dicaprio-with-xingu-
indians-in-the-amazon-75211625.
Socioambiental, Instituto. “Solar Xingu – Social Environmental Stories – Medium.” Medium, Social
Environmental Stories, 19 Dec. 2016. 4 Nov 2017. medium.com/social-environmental-
stories/solar-xingu-a915c6cec347.