6. 6
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
the heart muscle begins to dilate or
stretch and become thinner
Ventricular chamber size
Stroke volume, ejection fraction, and
cardiac output.
End-diastolic volumes & pulmonary
and systemic venous pressures .
over time, the heart becomes weaker
heart failure
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
7. 7
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
Types and Causes:
1)Ischemic cardiomyopathy:
Caused by CAD & MI.
2)Idiopathic cardiomyopathy:
The cause is unknown.
3)Hypertensive cardiomyopathy:
High BP for a long time,
particularly when it has gone
untreated for years.
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
8. 8
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
4)Infectious cardiomyopathy:
HIV, viral myocarditis
5)Alcoholic cardiomyopathy:
usually begins about 10 years
after sustained, heavy alcohol
consumption.
6)Toxic cardiomyopathy :
Due to cocaine, amphetamines,
and some chemotherapy drugs
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
12. 12
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
1)Obstructive type
the septum thickens and
bulges into the left ventricle
blocks the flow of blood into
the aorta the ventricle must
work much harder to pump
blood past the blockage and out
to the body.
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
13. 13
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
2)Non-obstructive type
The entire ventricle may
become thicker (symmetric
ventricular hypertrophy) or it may
happen only at the bottom of the
heart (apical hypertrophy).
The right ventricle also may be
affected.
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
17. 17
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
Pathophysiology
the ventricles become stiff and
rigid due to replacement of the
normal heart muscle with abnormal
tissue, such as scar tissue.
As a result, the ventricles cannot
relax normally and expand to fill
with blood, which causes the atria
to become enlarged.
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
18. 18
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
Signs and Symptoms of
cardiomyopathy
No symptoms in the early stages of
the disease.
Cardiomyopathy progresses and the
heart weakens, signs and
symptoms of heart failure usually
appear, include:
Tiredness (fatigue).
Weakness.
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
19. 19
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
Dyspnea on exertion.
PND, cough (especially with
exertion), and orthopnea.
Swelling of the abdomen, legs,
ankles, and feet.
Other symptoms include chest
pain, palpitations, dizziness,
nausea, and syncope with
exertion.
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
22. 22
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
Digoxin; increases the force
of heart contractions and
slows the heartbeat.
Anticoagulants; which
prevent blood clots from
forming. Anticoagulants are
often used in the treatment of
dilated cardiomyopathy.
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
31. 31
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
The recipient must remain on
an immunosuppressant
medication for the remainder of
life so the immune system does
not reject the donor heart as a
foreign object.
Some immunosuppressant
medications are azathioprine,
cyclosporine .
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
32. 32
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
Nursing Diagnoses
Decreased cardiac output related to
structural disorders caused by
cardiomyopathy or to dysrhythmia from
the disease process and medical
treatments
Ineffective cardiopulmonary, cerebral,
peripheral, and renal tissue perfusion
related to decreased peripheral blood
flow (resulting from decreased cardiac
output)
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
33. 33
Mohammed
Abaker
Mohammed
Impaired gas exchange related to
pulmonary congestion caused by
myocardial failure (resulting from
decreased cardiac output)
Activity intolerance related to
decreased cardiac output or
excessive fluid volume, or both
Anxiety related to the change in
health status and in role functioning
1/13/2024 4:16 AM
As cardiomyopathy progresses- the heart becomes weaker and less able to pump blood through the body --to heart failure, arrhythmias, systemic and pulmonary edema and, more rarely, endocarditis.
It results from extensively damaged myocardial muscle fibers.
Generally occurs in adults aged 20 to 60 years.
More common in men
Due to cocaine, amphetamines, and some chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin, daunorubicin).
Radiotherapy (cobalt)diabetes and thyroid disease
Causes; Inherited because of a gene mutation.
Develop over time because of high blood pressure or aging.
Often, the cause is unknown.
Causes; Radiation treatments, infections, or scarring after surgery.
Hemochromatosis - a condition in which too much iron is deposited into tissues, including heart tissue.
Amyloidosis, a disease in which abnormal proteins are deposited into heart tissue.
Sarcoidosis, a disease in which inflammation produces tiny lumps of cells in various organs in the body, including the heart.
Eventually, blood flow in the heart is reduced, and complications such as heart failure or arrhythmias occur.
Cardiac catheterization is some times used to rule out coronary artery disease as a causative factor.
Diuretics, which remove excess fluid and sodium from the body.
ACE; which lower blood pressure and reduce stress on the heart.
Beta-blockers, which slow the heart rate by reducing the speed of the heart's contractions. These medicines also lower BP
Antiarrhythmia medicines, which keep the heart beating in a normal rhythm.
Antibiotics, which are used before dental or surgical procedures. Antibiotics help to prevent endocarditis, an infection of the heart walls, valves, and vessels.
also called septal myomectomy
LVAD can be used as a long-term therapy or as a short-term treatment for people who are waiting for a heart transplant.
Is used in people who are at risk of life-threatening arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death.
This small device is implanted in the chest and connected to the heart with wires. If the ICD senses a dangerous change in heart rhythm, it will send an electric shock to the heart to restore a normal heartbeat.
Complications of VADs and total artificial hearts include bleeding disorders, hemorrhage, thrombus, emboli, hemolysis, infection, renal failure, right-sided heart failure, multisystem failure, and mechanical failure
