Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses various heart and blood vessel disorders, leading to significant mortality, with around 17.9 million deaths globally each year. Major types of CVD include coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, with common risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Symptoms vary but often include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue, and management includes lifestyle modifications and seeking medical attention for severe symptoms.

1. The Cardiovascular disease ( CVD )
is a General Term That Describes A Disease Of The Heart or
Blood Vessels
Blood Flow To The Heart, Brain Or Body Can Be Reduced
Because of
A blood clot ( thrombosis ) build - Up of fatty deposits inside an
artery hardening and narrowing (artherosclercsis )
What is the disease CVD
CVD are the leading cause of death globally taking an estimated
17.9 million lives each year .
Types of CVD
• Abnormal heart rhythm or arrhythmias(irregular heart beats)
• Aorta disease
• Congenital heart disease or defect
• Disease of the heart muscle ( cardiomyopathy )
• Blood vessele disease such as coronary heart disease
( narrowing of the arteries )
• DVT ( deep vein thrombosis ) and pulmonary embolism

2. Heart failure :
Mean the heart has failed to pump the way it should in order to
circulate oxygen – rich blood throughout the body .
Warning sings of CVD:
• Unusual tiredness fatigue that stay with you .
• Trouble sleeping .
• Shortness of breath .
• Dizziness especially with exertion like going up stairs.
• Chest pain or tightness .
• Loss of appetite .
• Swelling in legs or ankles .
Main causes of CVD
• high blood vessels ( HTN ) .
• High low density lipoprotein LDL ( chdesterol ) .
• DM .
• Smoking .
• Second hand smoke exposure .
• Obesity .
• Un healthy diet .
• Physical inactivity .

3. Coronary artery disease
Is a common heart disease that effects the major blood vessels
that supply the heart muscle
Chdesterol deposits in the heart arteries are usually the cause
of coronary artery disease Lead to build up of this deposits is
called (atherosclerosis ) Lead to decrease blood flow to the
heart and others of the body Lead to heart attack , chest pain
( angina ) or strock .
Coronary artery disease symptoms :-
May different between men and women for instance men are
more likely to have chest pain , women are more likely to have
other symptoms along with chest discomfort such as shortness
of breath , nausea , and extreme fatigue .
Symptoms :-
• Chest pain , chest fatigue, chest pressure , chest discomfort .
• Shortness of breath .
• Pain in the neck , jaw , throat , upper belly area or back .
• Pain , numbness , weakness , or coldness in the legs or arms if
the blood vessels in those body areas are narrowed .

4. Causes of coronary artery disease
development of other sclerosis due to build up fatty deposits .
Heart disease caused by
irregular heart beats ( heart arrhythmias )
The heart may be too quickly , too slowly or irregularly .
Heart arrthyuias symptoms include
• Chest pain or discomfort .
• Dizziness .
• Fainting ( syncope ) .
• Racing heart beats ( tachycardia ) .
• Shortness of breath .
• Slow heart beats ( bvadycardia ) .
Causes of irregular heart beats
• Cardiomyopathy .
• Coronary artery .
• DM .
• Drug misuse .
• Emotional stress .
• Excessive use of alcohol or caffeine .

5. Heart disease caused by
Congenital heart defects :
Serious congenital heart defects are noticed soon after birth .
Symptoms in children include :
• Pale gray or blue skin or lips cyanoses
• Swelling in the legs , areas around the eyes
• In an infant lead to shortness of breath during feeding leading to poor
weight gain
Less Congenital heart defects :
Are often not chiagnosed until later in childhood or during adulthood.
Symptoms of Congenital heart defects that usually are not immediately
life threatening include :
• Easily getting short of breath ,during exercise or activity
• Swelling of the hand , antlers or feet
• Heart problem present at birth ( Congenital heart defects )
• HTN , smoking , heart valve disease
• Uses of certain medication including those bought without
a prescription and herbs and symptoms .

6. Causes of Congenital heart defects :
As the body’s heart develops about a month after conception ,
congenital heart defects change the flow of blood in the heart , some
medical
conditions medications and genes micas ,
The risk of congemt of heart defect
Heart disease caused by :
Disease heart muscle ( cardiomyopathy )
Early stages of cardiomyopathy may not cause symptoms as the
conduction worseness
Symptoms may include :
Dizziness , fainting , feeling , short of breath , at night when trying to
sleep or waking up short of breath , irregular heart beats that feel rapid
, swollen legs , ankles or feet .
Cause of a thickened or enlarged heart muscle
Depend on type :
• Dilate cardiomyopathy , most common unknown , inherited starts in
left ventricle .
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , inherited .
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy least common un know but sometimes
caused by build – up of protein called amyloid

7. Cause of heart valve disease :
• Rheumatic fever .
• Infections ( infection endocarditis ) .
• Connection tissues disorders .
When to see a doctor :
Seek emergency medical care if you have these heart disease symptom :
• Chest pain .
• Shortness of breath .
• Fainting .
Risk factors for heart disease include :
• Age ( growing older increase risk ) .
• Sex ( man _ woman ) woman after menopause .
• Family amatory .
• Smoking .
• Unhealthy diet (diet high in fat , salt , sugar , cholesterol ) .
• HTN .
• High cholesterol .
• DM .
• Obesity .
• Lack of exercises .
• Poor dental health .
• Stress .

8. Complication of heart disease include :
• Heart failure .
• Heart attack .
• Strock .
• Aneyrsm .
• Priporal artery disease .
Prevention :
• Don’t smoke .
• Eat balance diet .
• Exercise .
• Maintain a healthy weigh and manage stress .
• Control HTN , DM .
• Get good sleep .