This document describes the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It discusses the layers of the heart wall, the chambers of the heart, valves, blood vessels, the conduction system, the cardiac cycle, and control of heart rate. Key points covered include the locations of the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node, the pathways of electrical conduction through the heart, phases of the cardiac cycle including systole and diastole, and how the autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate. Diagrams illustrate the internal and external structures of the heart.

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2. 
(Mediastinum)

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3. 
(Apex)
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5. 
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7. 
(Epicardium) - 
(Myocardium) – 
(Endocardium) - 
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8. - (Epicardium) 
-(Myocardium) 
-
-
- (Endocardium) 
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10. (Pericardium)

(Pericardium)

CC CC

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11. 
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12. (Sternocostal) 
- 
- 
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15. (Heart Chambers)
– 


CO2 

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17. (Atria) -
- 
-
- 
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18. (Ventricles)
- 


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22. (Trabecular-Corneae)
(Moderate Band) 
(Papillary Muscle) 
(Chordae Tandinae) 
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24. (Septum) 



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25. Point of Maximum Impulse (P.M.I.)

(P.M.I.)
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
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27. 


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28. 


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30. (Atrioventricular V.) 
– )Bicuspid Mitral 
–(Tricuspid) 
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31. (Semilunar Valves)

–(Pulmonic V.) 
–(Aortic V.) 

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34. 
(Cardiac Hemodynamics)
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35. 
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36. 
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40. 


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41. Cardiac Reserve 

(Stork Volume) 
cc
Heart Rate ) 
Cardiac Output x = 5040cc 
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42. mmHg
mmHg
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43. 
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44. 






mmHg
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45. 
mmHg 


mmHg mmHg
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46. 

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48. (Coronary
Arteries)



Right Coronary Artery .1
Coronary Artery Left .2
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49. Right Marginal
Branch
(Posterior Interventricular -
Branch)
-
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50. Crux

Crux
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51. Right Dominant
-
AV Crux
Right Dominant
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53. 
(LAD) - 
(Circumflex) - 
Diagonalis - 
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54. -
Left Anterior Descending C.A. Anteriror Interventricualr B.)

(Apex)
LAD 
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55. (Diagonalis) -

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56. - Circumflex C.X. -

(Left
Mariginal Artery)

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57. Left Dominant
- 
Crux
AV Crux
Apex
Left
Dominant
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58. 

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61. circulation collateral

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62. 
CO2 thebesion



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64. (Conduction System of the Heart)

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65. –(Rhythmicity) 
–(Irritability) 
–(Refractoriness) 
–(Conductivity) 
–(Contractility) 
–(Automatocity) 
–(Extansibility) 
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66. (Conduction System of the Heart)






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68. KAMRANI
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69. –(Sinoatrial Node)

(Pacemaker) 


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70. KAMRANI
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71. -
S-A 
(Internodal Conduction System)


AVn 
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72. (Atrioventricular (A-V) Nole )

-
S- A-V 
An
AV AV SA

.
mm/s AV 
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73. (His Bundle)
AV AV 
(RBB(Right bundle branch) 
LBB(Left bundle branch 


- AV
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74. (Purkinje Fibers)
AV 



mm/s
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75. KAMRANI
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76. KAMRANI
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77. KAMRANI
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78. KAMRANI
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79. (Cardiac Cycle)

S-A 

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80. (Systole)
- – 


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81. (Diastole)



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84. -
-
- ml
- mmHg
–
- mmHg
- mmHg
- –
- dyne sec Cm
- gmM M Beat -
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85. (Control of Heart Rate)

(Efferent)
(Afferent)
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86. -

S-A
A-V
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87. -Ventricular (Vagus) Escape-

A-V S-A

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