Presentation by Ricardo-AEA's Transport Practice Director, Sujith Kollamthodi.
Presented at the Transport Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting, Sunday 13 January, Washington DC
Embedding integrated asset investment planning dunea and seams iamNikki Peacock
Recent IAM presentation by Patrick Reniers of Dunea, and Richard Hawkins of SEAMS on the Dunea Asset Investment Planning journey, embedding it into their organisation and their significant results to date.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Prof Adam Read, Practice Director, discusses waste, energy and climate change policy.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Phil White discusses the revenues and costs of waste to energy.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Prof Adam Read, Practice Director, discusses the institutional structures and economics of waste management.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Dr Mark Broomfield discusses the drivers and barriers for development of waste to energy regulation.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation, Prof Adam Read, Practice Director, discusses Waste to Energy: transforming strategy into reality
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation we discusses thermal treatment of waste.
Embedding integrated asset investment planning dunea and seams iamNikki Peacock
Recent IAM presentation by Patrick Reniers of Dunea, and Richard Hawkins of SEAMS on the Dunea Asset Investment Planning journey, embedding it into their organisation and their significant results to date.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Prof Adam Read, Practice Director, discusses waste, energy and climate change policy.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Phil White discusses the revenues and costs of waste to energy.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Prof Adam Read, Practice Director, discusses the institutional structures and economics of waste management.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Dr Mark Broomfield discusses the drivers and barriers for development of waste to energy regulation.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation, Prof Adam Read, Practice Director, discusses Waste to Energy: transforming strategy into reality
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation we discusses thermal treatment of waste.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Prof Adam Read, Practice Director, describes the global issue of waste.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Dr Mark Broomfield discusses the health and social impacts of waste to energy processes.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Phil White discusses fuel preparation.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Phil White discusses the environmental impacts of waste treatment.
Presentation by Gena Gibson, senior consultant at Ricardo-AEA, to a Chinese transport ministry delegation. There is no silver bullet to achieve sustainable low-carbon transport - a range of policies and measures must be used. This presentation gives an overview of Ricardo-AEA's sustainable transport model (SULTAN) and the possible policy frameworks that could be used to reduce transport GHG emissions.
Presentation by Ricardo-AEA's Transport Practice Director, Sujith Kollamthodi.
Presented at the Transport Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting, Wednesday 16 January, Washington DC
Judith Bates (Ricardo-AEA) joined the New Energy Forum Event to provide an expert overview of advanced feedstocks and production technologies for both road transport and aviation biofuels.
Overview of technologies
–Production of biofuels from oils
–Biochemical routes
–Thermochemical routes
•Lignocellulosic feedstocks
•Microalgae
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Tim Fill discusses infrastructure and service delivery and power purchase agreements.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Tim Fill discusses INDC implementation.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Phil White discusses biological treatment of waste.
Presentation to the IEA / Global Fuel Economy Initiative. This workshop debated the optimum methodology to calculate a clean vehicle score. The scoring system debated during this workshop is intended to be the backbone of the upcoming Green Global NCAP campaign. This campaign will help set an independent yet respected landmark for an agreed definition of what is a clean vehicle and how to classify clean vehicles, based on the vehicle efficiency and the tailpipe emissions. Presentation given by Gena Gibson, senior consultant at Ricardo-AEA
Taking Stock – 40 years of Industrial Energy AuditsLeonardo ENERGY
Industrial energy audits were amongst the first energy efficiency policy measures developed in response to the oil shocks of the 1970s. Since then they have become enormously popular in industrialised economies. In the EU they are mandatory for large organisations under the EU Energy Efficiency Directive. Developing countries are considering them as they scale up their own climate programmes.
So interest in audits can only grow. But, from a policy-maker’s perspective, do they work? How do they work? How could they work for me? Certainly, in principle, audits are extremely important because they get to the heart of how a company uses energy. But after 40 years, the scientific literature on audits is large and complex and difficult for the non-specialist policy-maker to wade though.
This webinar tell the story of audits in a way designed to cut through this complexity. It recounts the history of audits and sets out why they are important. It sets out some of the main features of successful audit programmes, and, from the practical experience of the speaker, how to go about putting one together. It then considers the main problems with audits and how these can be addressed. Finally the talk will look ahead to see how audits might evolve in the near future.
Taking Stock – 40 years of Industrial Energy Audits Leonardo ENERGY
Industrial energy audits were amongst the first energy efficiency policy measures developed in response to the oil shocks of the 1970s. Since then they have become enormously popular in industrialised economies. In the EU they are mandatory for large organisations under the EU Energy Efficiency Directive. Developing countries are considering them as they scale up their own climate programmes.
So interest in audits can only grow. But, from a policy-maker’s perspective, do they work? How do they work? How could they work for me? Certainly, in principle, audits are extremely important because they get to the heart of how a company uses energy. But after 40 years, the scientific literature on audits is large and complex and difficult for the non-specialist policy-maker to wade though.
This webinar tell the story of audits in a way designed to cut through this complexity. It recounts the history of audits and sets out why they are important. It sets out some of the main features of successful audit programmes, and, from the practical experience of the speaker, how to go about putting one together. It then considers the main problems with audits and how these can be addressed. Finally the talk will look ahead to see how audits might evolve in the near future.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Prof Adam Read, Practice Director, describes the global issue of waste.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Dr Mark Broomfield discusses the health and social impacts of waste to energy processes.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Phil White discusses fuel preparation.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Phil White discusses the environmental impacts of waste treatment.
Presentation by Gena Gibson, senior consultant at Ricardo-AEA, to a Chinese transport ministry delegation. There is no silver bullet to achieve sustainable low-carbon transport - a range of policies and measures must be used. This presentation gives an overview of Ricardo-AEA's sustainable transport model (SULTAN) and the possible policy frameworks that could be used to reduce transport GHG emissions.
Presentation by Ricardo-AEA's Transport Practice Director, Sujith Kollamthodi.
Presented at the Transport Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting, Wednesday 16 January, Washington DC
Judith Bates (Ricardo-AEA) joined the New Energy Forum Event to provide an expert overview of advanced feedstocks and production technologies for both road transport and aviation biofuels.
Overview of technologies
–Production of biofuels from oils
–Biochemical routes
–Thermochemical routes
•Lignocellulosic feedstocks
•Microalgae
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Tim Fill discusses infrastructure and service delivery and power purchase agreements.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Tim Fill discusses INDC implementation.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Phil White discusses biological treatment of waste.
Presentation to the IEA / Global Fuel Economy Initiative. This workshop debated the optimum methodology to calculate a clean vehicle score. The scoring system debated during this workshop is intended to be the backbone of the upcoming Green Global NCAP campaign. This campaign will help set an independent yet respected landmark for an agreed definition of what is a clean vehicle and how to classify clean vehicles, based on the vehicle efficiency and the tailpipe emissions. Presentation given by Gena Gibson, senior consultant at Ricardo-AEA
Taking Stock – 40 years of Industrial Energy AuditsLeonardo ENERGY
Industrial energy audits were amongst the first energy efficiency policy measures developed in response to the oil shocks of the 1970s. Since then they have become enormously popular in industrialised economies. In the EU they are mandatory for large organisations under the EU Energy Efficiency Directive. Developing countries are considering them as they scale up their own climate programmes.
So interest in audits can only grow. But, from a policy-maker’s perspective, do they work? How do they work? How could they work for me? Certainly, in principle, audits are extremely important because they get to the heart of how a company uses energy. But after 40 years, the scientific literature on audits is large and complex and difficult for the non-specialist policy-maker to wade though.
This webinar tell the story of audits in a way designed to cut through this complexity. It recounts the history of audits and sets out why they are important. It sets out some of the main features of successful audit programmes, and, from the practical experience of the speaker, how to go about putting one together. It then considers the main problems with audits and how these can be addressed. Finally the talk will look ahead to see how audits might evolve in the near future.
Taking Stock – 40 years of Industrial Energy Audits Leonardo ENERGY
Industrial energy audits were amongst the first energy efficiency policy measures developed in response to the oil shocks of the 1970s. Since then they have become enormously popular in industrialised economies. In the EU they are mandatory for large organisations under the EU Energy Efficiency Directive. Developing countries are considering them as they scale up their own climate programmes.
So interest in audits can only grow. But, from a policy-maker’s perspective, do they work? How do they work? How could they work for me? Certainly, in principle, audits are extremely important because they get to the heart of how a company uses energy. But after 40 years, the scientific literature on audits is large and complex and difficult for the non-specialist policy-maker to wade though.
This webinar tell the story of audits in a way designed to cut through this complexity. It recounts the history of audits and sets out why they are important. It sets out some of the main features of successful audit programmes, and, from the practical experience of the speaker, how to go about putting one together. It then considers the main problems with audits and how these can be addressed. Finally the talk will look ahead to see how audits might evolve in the near future.
This presentation by the Conflict-Free Sourcing Initiative (CFSI) was made at the session "Refiner/smelter due diligence and auditing: consitency and harmonisation with the OECD Due Diligence Guidance" during the 7th Multi-Stakeholder Forum on Responsible Mineral Supply Chains held on 26 May 2014 in Paris.
Find out more at: http://mneguidelines.oecd.org/icglr-oecd-un-forum-paris-may-2014.htm
During the webinar, the speakers promoted a set of training materials that is freely available for those interested in learning more about the implementation of NDCs in the agriculture sector in Africa.
More info about the webinar: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/implementing-ndcs-agriculture-sector-across-africa-what-directions-capacity-building#.XxaxH_gzbfZ
Midwest Energy Emissions Corp. (MEEC) delivers best-in-class, patented solutions for the coal-fired electric utility industry to achieve and maintain compliance with highly restrictive new EPA requirements on mercury smokestack emissions.
Scaling up renewable energy deployment in island regions: insights and lessonsLeonardo ENERGY
Due to their limited land area and remote and dispersed geographical location, among others, many Small Island Developing States are facing compounded challenges in delivering reliable, sustainable and affordable energy services. Various sources have quoted the extreme petroleum dependency with indicative figures as high as over 95% of commercial energy consumption being sourced from imported petroleum in the Pacific Islands. Electricity consumption accounts for about a quarter of imported petroleum in the Pacific, mostly in the form of diesel and heavy fuel oil (HFO).
Lately, many islands have announced their commitment to accelerate the transition to renewable energy in the form of renewable energy targets. Adopting binding, credible targets with clear accountability structure provides the foundation for the basic tenets of sound policy design, namely: transparency, longevity and certainty. However, fulfilling the targets carries a host of challenges. This webinar will address common questions that policy makers often face when scaling up renewable energy deployment in Small Island Developing States
Scaling up renewable energy deployment in island regions: insights and lessonsLeonardo ENERGY
Due to their limited land area and remote and dispersed geographical location, among others, many Small Island Developing States are facing compounded challenges in delivering reliable, sustainable and affordable energy services. Various sources have quoted the extreme petroleum dependency with indicative figures as high as over 95% of commercial energy consumption being sourced from imported petroleum in the Pacific Islands. Electricity consumption accounts for about a quarter of imported petroleum in the Pacific, mostly in the form of diesel and heavy fuel oil (HFO).
Lately, many islands have announced their commitment to accelerate the transition to renewable energy in the form of renewable energy targets. Adopting binding, credible targets with clear accountability structure provides the foundation for the basic tenets of sound policy design, namely: transparency, longevity and certainty. However, fulfilling the targets carries a host of challenges. This webinar will address common questions that policy makers often face when scaling up renewable energy deployment in Small Island Developing States.
This presenation outlines a CO2 trading framework to that tries to address issues with the current Cap and Trade and emissions taxing solutions.
This is acheived by initiating a carbon reserve that is funded by a tax on carbon credits traded, rather than carbon emissions.
The carbon reserve acts as a powerful tool to drive desired policy outcomes.
At the Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 Ricardo Energy & Environment’s waste management and resource efficiency experts discussed a range of critical issues, including financial, institutional, policy, regulatory, engineering, environmental and social issues around the planning for and delivery of appropriate and effective waste to energy infrastructure in developing economies.
In this presentation Dr Mark Broomfield discuss the use of landfill gas, looking at the technology and its use.
The new English carrier bag charge – what you need to know. For more information, view the accompanying blog: http://ee.ricardo.com/cms/the-new-english-carrier-bag-charge-what-you-need-to-know/
This presentation from Resource Efficiency and Waste Management 2013 highlights the key issues from i2i’s sector report ‘Resource Efficiency & Waste Management Market Opportunity’ as well as Professor Adam Read’s personal observations.
The report, researched and authored by Ricardo-AEA, combines data, expertise and research collated from leading experts in the field, providing;
• A detailed overview of the UK waste management sector
• Insights into future European waste policy
• Updates on UK waste policies
• Market opportunities in infrastructure, transport, re-use, the circular economy
• Viewpoints from the public & private sectors
This technology brief was produced by Ricardo-AEA for the IEA.
ETSAP E-TechDS is an Energy Technology Data Source that offers consistent sets of data on energy demand and supply technologies to help analysts to build their own MARKAL-TIMES model. To put data in the right context, E-TechDS is conceived as a series of Technology Briefs, which provide basic information on process, status, performance, costs, potential and barriers for key energy technology clusters. Each brief consists of typically 5 to 10 pages including Highlights, full text and charts, and a summary data table.
The ETSAP Briefs are intended to offer essential, reliable and quantitative information to energy analysts, experts, policymakers, investors and media from both developed and developing countries.
Passenger cars and vans together account for more than half of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector in Europe. While GHG emissions from other sectors are generally falling, those from transport have increased by 23% since 1990. In response, the European Union has implemented regulations to reduce CO2 emissions from cars and vans.
This report from Ricardo-AEA, their fourth in a series commissioned by Greenpeace and Transport and Environment, explores the impacts of different systems that are supposed to incentivise more rapid uptake of ULEVs, according to their proponents, to better understand their potential impacts in a range of areas. In particular three main areas that have been explored as part of this study:
1) Analysis of the impacts (on actual CO2 emissions achieved and additional manufacturing costs) of the following supercredit design options, depending on take-up of ULEVs:
a. Qualifying thresholds used to define ULEVs (in gCO2/km).
b. Caps in the numbers of qualifying vehicles.
c. Annual or cumulative credits.
d. The multipliers applied for supercredits.
e. Different uptake scenarios for ULEVs in 2020.
2) Analysis of the impacts (on actual CO2 emissions achieved and additional manufacturing costs) of the following flexible mandate design options, depending on take-up of ULEVs:
a. Qualifying thresholds used to define an ULEV (in gCO2/km).
b. Central, lower and upper thresholds/targets for % sales of ULEV.
3) Analysis of the wider EU-wide impacts of the different supercredit or flexible mandate options in comparison with those for the Commission’s proposal (EC 2012, EC 2012a, EC 2012b) in terms of estimations of:
a. Average new car gCO2/km in 2020.
b. Total car fleet CO2 emissions in 2020 and 2030.
c. Typical fuel costs over the lifetime of the vehicle produced in 2020 and 2030, and average annual fuel costs for the whole EU car fleet in 2020 and 2030.
d. The level and cost of oil imports in 2020 and 2030.
A report commissioned by T&E and Greenpeace suggests the EU can more than halve its existing carbon dioxide emissions from new cars with existing technology. The report, by Ricardo-AEA, says the right mixture of electric, hybrid and conventionally-fuelled cars will enable Europe to reach a target of 60 grams per kilometre from the average new car in 2025.
In 2011, the average emissions from new cars sold in the EU was 136 g/km. A 95g target has been set for 2020, although MEPs and ministers are still working out how this will be achieved. The USA aims to halve emissions from new cars by 2025 and environmental campaigners are keen to ensure the EU matches America’s level of ambition.
The T&E/Greenpeace study shows that a target of 60g could be achieved if up to 24% of new vehicles were electric, another 24% hybrids and the remaining 52% conventional (petrol and diesel) cars. A target of 70g would require only a modest share of electric cars (7%), which is at the very low-end of conservative market projections for electric vehicles by 2025. The remainder would come from hybrids (22%) and conventional petrol/diesel cars (71%). A supporting briefing prepared by T&E shows that the costs of technology are likely to be paid back within a few years.
T&E cars officer Greg Archer said: ‘This report helps bring some clarity about what can be achieved with existing technology and with a modest boost from sales of electric cars. Setting a 2025 target now will give the industry the regulatory certainty it needs to invest in electric alternatives now.”
The European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology(DG CONNECT) commissioned AEA to undertake a service contract entitled "Impact of ICT R&D in the Large Scale Deployment of the Electric Vehicle”. This project'saim was to collate and analyse the growing body of knowledge in European efforts for the application of ICT and smart systems in fully electric vehicles (FEVs) to support policymaking in this area. The project started in November 2011 and is approximately one year in duration.
The objectives of this project were to:
A. Analyse the existing landscape of European R&D, manufacturing and deployment in the domains of ICT and smart systems and architectures for the fully electric vehicle, and draw comparisons with other world regions;
B. Assess the future potential for these domains within Europe, and the enabling role of ICT and smart systems in the deployment of the fully electric vehicle;
C. Identify barriers and hurdles to development and deployment of the fully electric vehicle in Europe, drawing on experience from trial deployments to date, and evaluate roadmaps towards overcoming these hurdles;
D. Assess the environmental and health impacts of the deployment of electric vehicles compared with other types of vehicle, assess weaknesses and threats, and evaluate the role of ICT and smart systems in bringing about potential environmental and health benefits;
E. Analyse the potential contribution of the fully electric vehicle towards achieving European socio-economic goals;
F. Collate the above work in order to provide policy advice on European strategies for R&D in the area of ICT and smart systems for the fully electric vehicle, in particular for R&D “lighthouse” projects to accelerate the development and deployment of electric vehicles in Europe.
Impact of ICT R&D on the deployment of electric vehicles
Carbon trading in maritime transportation (European Perspective)
1. European perspective: Carbon trading in maritime
transportation
TRB 92nd Annual Meeting
Workshop 174: Anatomy of a Carbon Credit: How Transportation Agencies Can
Engage in Carbon Markets
13th January 2013
Sujith Kollamthodi
Practice Director – Sustainable Transport
Ricardo-AEA Limited
2. Overview
• Global CO2 emissions from
shipping are continuing to grow
significantly
• Ideally, action to address this
should be taken at the global
level, but progress has been slow
• European Commission is
investigating possibility of EU Source: IMO (2009)
action in this area 280
260
CO2 emissions (Million Metric
• Ricardo-AEA commissioned to 240
220
provide technical support in
Tonnes)
200
developing policy options and 180
analyzing their impacts 160
140
120
100
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Source: Ricardo-AEA / IHS Fairplay (2013)
3. Proposed policy measures
• Four key policy measures investigated
1. Emissions trading scheme
2. Taxation scheme
3. Compensation Fund
4. Mandatory emissions reductions
• Emissions trading and Compensation Fund can
both be viewed as schemes involving carbon
credits
• Taxation policy options would place a tax on EU
shipping emissions or fuel sales
• Mandatory emissions reductions would place
targets on individual vessels to reduce their annual
GHG emissions
4. Design elements common to all
policy options
• Monitoring, reporting and verification of emissions
• Fuel consumption measurement: could be via log books, fuel flow
meters, bunker delivery notes, fuel inventories, or ship movement data
• Frequency of emissions reporting: per journey or on an annual basis
• Competent authority: could be a central European regulator or could be
devolved to EU Member States
• Scope of emissions covered
• Ship types and ship sizes covered: could be selected to maximise
environmental effectiveness whilst minimising administrative burden
% vessels % of total CO2
Criteria
in EU-27
Excluding offshore vessels, service vessels, yachts or fishing 86% 97%
vessels
Excluding ships smaller than 5,000 GT 57% 91%
Total for combined criteria (accounting for overlaps) 56% 90%
5. Design elements common to all
policy options
• Scope of emissions covered
• Journey types: must include all ships entering
and leaving the EU as well as intra-EU voyages
• For ships entering/leaving the EU, must
determine start/end points for quantifying
the emissions included in scope. Options
include:
• Time-based
• Distance-based
• Previous/next port of call
• Based on origin of cargo being
transported
• Responsible compliance entity
• Ship owners?
• Ship operators?
• Fuel suppliers?
• Ports?
6. Design of key policy options –
Emissions trading scheme (ETS)
• ETS would operate by setting an overall cap on
emissions from a defined group of entities
• Each participant must monitor/report their
emissions and submit allowances equal to their
emissions
• Allowances can be auctioned and/or allocated free
of charge
• Design options for the scheme:
• Closed system (only reductions from within the
maritime sector allowed)
• Open system, linked to other ETSs (allows the use of
most cost-effective abatement options from multiple
sectors)
• Open system linked to out-of-sector project credits
7. Industry-managed GHG
compensation Fund
• Idea modelled on Norway’s NOx Fund
• Fund would need to be set up as legal entity
responsible for ensuring emission reductions
• Responsibility for reducing overall emissions would
not lie with individual vessel owners/operators
• Two main options for implementation
• Contribution-based Compensation Fund
• Members pay into Fund in line with their emissions
performance (fixed value per tonne CO2)
• Revenues would be re-invested by the Fund
• BUT no overall emission reduction target
• Target-based Compensation Fund
• Agreed reduction target
• Fund would be responsible for enrolling members
(penalties for non-members)
8. Use of revenues
• Emissions trading or a Compensation Fund would
both generate revenues (e.g. sale of allowances,
membership fees, etc)
• Options for the use of revenues include
• Refunding participants
• Funding R&D in maritime emissions abatement
measures
• Support the uptake of abatement options (grants,
loans)
• Investment in international emission reduction
mechanisms (e.g. Clean Development Mechanism,
etc)
• However, clear performance metrics are required
for allocating revenues to any of these uses
9. Possible mechanisms for
allocating rebates
Allocation mechanism Advantages Disadvantages
Improvement in • Accurate reflection • High administrative burden
carbon intensity of of performance • Does not reward early action
operations improvements
• Requires a benchmarking year to measure
initial performance
Absolute carbon • Accurate reflection • Could inherently favour larger ships
intensity of of performance • Difficult to find an equitable threshold to suit
operations (e.g. achieved all ship types and operations
reaching a threshold • Rewards early
or through a “league action
table”)
Improvement in • Lower • Does not reward early action
absolute EU administrative • Rewards ships that reduce activity within the
emissions reductions burden compared EU (e.g. by moving elsewhere)
to measuring
carbon intensity • Requires comparison between different years
of operation – therefore will be affected by
ships entering and leaving the scope of the
legislation
Equal amount to each • Easy to administer • Does not effectively encourage efficiency
operator • Penalises ships that are highly active in the EU
while disproportionately rewarding those that
make small payments under the scheme, even
if they are not efficient.
10. Possible mechanisms for allocating
revenues to R&D
Allocation mechanism Advantages Disadvantages
Rebates to participants • Technology neutral • Private research may not lead to
who can demonstrate a • Allows shipping knowledge spillovers
certain level of R&D industry to determine • Could lead to duplication of effort
investment its own needs
A call for R&D grant • Technology neutral • Administrative burden to determine which
applications, without projects receive funding
strict specifications on • Submissions may not meet stakeholder
technologies/topics needs
A predetermined list of • Greater control over • Risks “picking losers” or limiting the
technologies/topics spending to ensure extent of innovation
eligible for support that environmental,
social and economic
gains are maximised
• Topics can be
selected in
collaboration with
various stakeholders
11. Possible mechanisms for allocating
revenues to support uptake of
abatement measures
Allocation mechanism Advantages Disadvantages
A predetermined list • Greater control • Risks limiting uptake of innovative
of abatement over spending to measures
measures eligible for ensure that • Risks funding measures that are not
support environmental, suitable for the ship’s type/operational
social and profile
economic gains
are maximized • Administrative burden to determine
suitable measures and update the list
periodically.
Fund measures that • Allows support • High administrative effort
meet a certain for a variety of • Approach does not prioritize where to
expected level of measures spend funding on measures surpassing
abatement in the • No need to pre- the threshold
sector e.g. % commit to certain
reduction or % measures
reduction per Euro
Fund measures that • Allows support • High administrative effort
achieve the highest for a variety of • Could disproportionately benefit certain
scores relative to measures sectors/ship types
certain criteria • No need to pre-
(ranking options) commit to certain
measures
12. Summary
• Policy options that use carbon credits for addressing
EU-international shipping CO2 have been developed
and analyzed
• Scope of action needs to be carefully considered,
regardless of the policy option
• Emissions trading can be implemented in a number of
ways (e.g. open vs closed schemes)
• Compensation Fund offers an industry-managed
alternative
• Both options could generate revenues which could be
used for multiple purposes
• Care needs to be taken in designing suitable metrics
and mechanisms for allocating these revenues to
specific purposes
13. Sujith Kollamthodi
Practice Director – Sustainable Transport
Ricardo-AEA Limited
The Gemini Building
Fermi Avenue
Harwell
Oxfordshire
OX11 0QR
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)870 190 6513
E: sujith.kollamthodi@ricardo-aea.com
W: http://www.ricardo-aea.com
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