Capture of Montezuma
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ObiCortés and his conquistadors arrived in the great city of Tenochtitlan in November 1519. As they marched across the grand causeway into the city, they drew large crowds of curious indigenous people who had never seen horses or men like the Spaniards. Montezuma awaited them tentatively and exchanged extraordinary gifts of gold, silver, feathers, and cotton garments with Cortés. However, cultural differences like Montezuma's aides preventing Cortés from embracing him showed that these two societies viewed each other very differently, which may have led to Tenochtitlan's fall. The Spaniards were welcomed partly because of Aztec prophecies of gods who would conquer them, and Montez
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Hernán cortés
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conqueror born in 1485 in Medellín, Spain who studied briefly at the University of Salamanca before traveling to what is now the Caribbean and Mexico. In 1519, Cortés sailed from Cuba to the coast of Mexico with 11 ships, 600 men, horses, and artillery. He founded the city of Villa Rica de la Veracruz and allied with local indigenous groups against the powerful Aztec Empire. Cortés marched into the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, where emperor Moctezuma initially welcomed him, though tensions later rose between the Spanish and Aztecs. Cortés eventually defeated the Aztec empire and claimed their territories for Spain.
Hernando Cortes
Hernando Cortes was a Spanish explorer born in 1485 who studied at a university in Spain and became interested in exploration. In 1519, he arrived in Mexico with over 6,000 natives and 450 Spaniards seeking riches and hoping to conquer the Aztecs. Cortes brutally conquered the Aztecs and their emperor Montezuma, establishing Spanish claims over Mexico by 1521-1523 and acquiring great wealth in gold and silver for Spain. He was a ruthless conquistador who tricked and had Montezuma killed, beginning the conversion of the Aztecs to Christianity before dying in Spain in 1547.
Hernán cortes
Hernán Cortés quit law school to travel to the New World, hoping to make his fortune. He first arrived in Hispaniola in 1504 and worked his way up in the government of Cuba. In 1519, despite being ordered not to, Cortés sailed to Mexico with 11 ships, 500 men, and horses. With the help of a translator, Doña Marina, Cortés formed alliances and marched on the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. Cortés captured the Aztec emperor Montezuma and claimed Mexico for Spain, renaming Tenochtitlan as Mexico City.
Explorer Report - Hernando Cortez
Hernando Cortez was born in 1485 in Medellin, Spain. He studied law at the University of Salamanca but did not finish. He heard stories of the New World and joined expeditions to the Indies in 1504 and 1511. In 1519, Cortez led an expedition to Mexico with over 500 men. They conquered the powerful Aztec Empire and its capital of Tenochtitlan, making Cortez the ruler of Mexico on behalf of Spain. Cortez continued exploring and claiming new lands for Spain.
Hernan cortes
Hernan Cortes was born in Spain in 1485 and explored Mexico and Cuba, conquering the Aztec empire with only 600 men. He first sailed to Cuba and then led an expedition from Cuba to Mexico in the early 1500s, where he explored the region and overthrew the powerful Aztec empire despite being vastly outnumbered, establishing Spanish rule in Mexico.
Hernando Cortes
History of the backround of hernando cortes, the arrival into the aztec empire and the impact that he made.
Noche Triste
The document summarizes the event known as "La Noche Triste" or "The Sad Night" during the Spanish conquest of Mexico. It describes how after Montezuma's death and riots breaking out in Tenochtitlan, Cortes and his men were forced to escape the city under cover of night along with their Tlaxcalan allies. Accounts by Bernal Diaz and the Florentine Codex describe a massacre with over 800 Spanish and Native soldiers killed. However, Cortes' letters portray it as a daring escape with no casualties. Ultimately, the sources agree on the basic sequence of events - Cortes gathered gold, they crossed a bridge and fought canoes to escape the city on July 10
Hernán cortés
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conqueror born in 1485 in Medellín, Spain who studied briefly at the University of Salamanca before traveling to what is now the Caribbean and Mexico. In 1519, Cortés sailed from Cuba to the coast of Mexico with 11 ships, 600 men, horses, and artillery. He founded the city of Villa Rica de la Veracruz and allied with local indigenous groups to help conquer the powerful Aztec Empire. Cortés marched on the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, where the emperor Moctezuma initially welcomed him but tensions later rose between the Spanish and Aztecs.
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Hernán cortés
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conqueror born in 1485 in Medellín, Spain who studied briefly at the University of Salamanca before traveling to what is now the Caribbean and Mexico. In 1519, Cortés sailed from Cuba to the coast of Mexico with 11 ships, 600 men, horses, and artillery. He founded the city of Villa Rica de la Veracruz and allied with local indigenous groups against the powerful Aztec Empire. Cortés marched into the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, where emperor Moctezuma initially welcomed him, though tensions later rose between the Spanish and Aztecs. Cortés eventually defeated the Aztec empire and claimed their territories for Spain.
Hernando Cortes
Hernando Cortes was a Spanish explorer born in 1485 who studied at a university in Spain and became interested in exploration. In 1519, he arrived in Mexico with over 6,000 natives and 450 Spaniards seeking riches and hoping to conquer the Aztecs. Cortes brutally conquered the Aztecs and their emperor Montezuma, establishing Spanish claims over Mexico by 1521-1523 and acquiring great wealth in gold and silver for Spain. He was a ruthless conquistador who tricked and had Montezuma killed, beginning the conversion of the Aztecs to Christianity before dying in Spain in 1547.
Hernán cortes
Hernán Cortés quit law school to travel to the New World, hoping to make his fortune. He first arrived in Hispaniola in 1504 and worked his way up in the government of Cuba. In 1519, despite being ordered not to, Cortés sailed to Mexico with 11 ships, 500 men, and horses. With the help of a translator, Doña Marina, Cortés formed alliances and marched on the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. Cortés captured the Aztec emperor Montezuma and claimed Mexico for Spain, renaming Tenochtitlan as Mexico City.
Explorer Report - Hernando Cortez
Hernando Cortez was born in 1485 in Medellin, Spain. He studied law at the University of Salamanca but did not finish. He heard stories of the New World and joined expeditions to the Indies in 1504 and 1511. In 1519, Cortez led an expedition to Mexico with over 500 men. They conquered the powerful Aztec Empire and its capital of Tenochtitlan, making Cortez the ruler of Mexico on behalf of Spain. Cortez continued exploring and claiming new lands for Spain.
Hernan cortes
Hernan Cortes was born in Spain in 1485 and explored Mexico and Cuba, conquering the Aztec empire with only 600 men. He first sailed to Cuba and then led an expedition from Cuba to Mexico in the early 1500s, where he explored the region and overthrew the powerful Aztec empire despite being vastly outnumbered, establishing Spanish rule in Mexico.
Hernando Cortes
History of the backround of hernando cortes, the arrival into the aztec empire and the impact that he made.
Noche Triste
The document summarizes the event known as "La Noche Triste" or "The Sad Night" during the Spanish conquest of Mexico. It describes how after Montezuma's death and riots breaking out in Tenochtitlan, Cortes and his men were forced to escape the city under cover of night along with their Tlaxcalan allies. Accounts by Bernal Diaz and the Florentine Codex describe a massacre with over 800 Spanish and Native soldiers killed. However, Cortes' letters portray it as a daring escape with no casualties. Ultimately, the sources agree on the basic sequence of events - Cortes gathered gold, they crossed a bridge and fought canoes to escape the city on July 10
Hernán cortés
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conqueror born in 1485 in Medellín, Spain who studied briefly at the University of Salamanca before traveling to what is now the Caribbean and Mexico. In 1519, Cortés sailed from Cuba to the coast of Mexico with 11 ships, 600 men, horses, and artillery. He founded the city of Villa Rica de la Veracruz and allied with local indigenous groups to help conquer the powerful Aztec Empire. Cortés marched on the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, where the emperor Moctezuma initially welcomed him but tensions later rose between the Spanish and Aztecs.
Hernán cortés
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conqueror born in 1485 in Medellín, Spain who studied briefly at the University of Salamanca before traveling to what is now the Caribbean and Mexico. In 1519, Cortés sailed from Cuba to the coast of Mexico with 11 ships, about 600 men, and weapons. He founded the city of Villa Rica de la Veracruz and allied with local indigenous groups as he marched inland to the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, where the emperor Moctezuma initially welcomed him. Tensions later rose between the Spanish and Aztecs, culminating in Moctezuma's death during an Aztec uprising. Cortés eventually defeated the Azte
Aztecs and cortes
1) Hernan Cortes and his conquistadors arrived in Mexico in 1519, where they encountered the powerful Aztec Empire ruled by Emperor Montezuma II.
2) Cortes displayed his forces' power to Montezuma's emissaries, frightening them with horses, guns, and steel weapons. He then took Montezuma hostage to control the Aztecs from their capital city of Tenochtitlan.
3) Tensions rose between the Spaniards and Aztecs, culminating in a massacre of Aztec nobles by Cortes' men. Open war broke out and the outnumbered Spanish were forced to retreat from the city on the "Night of Tears," losing many
Hernando Cortes
Hernando Cortes was born in 1485 in Medellin, Spain and led an expedition to Mexico starting in March 1519. In November 1519, Cortes and his men reached the Aztec capital and met with Montezuma, who may have thought Cortes was a god-king. Cortes explored many places including Honduras before returning to Spain in 1539, where he spent the rest of his life until dying near Seville in 1547.
Hernan Cortes y la conquista de Mexico
Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire in the 1520s. As an ambitious conquistador, he defied orders from the Governor of Cuba, Diego Velázquez, by destroying his ships and allying with weaker indigenous groups like the Tlaxcalans against the powerful Aztec Empire. Through the help of an indigenous translator named Malinche and by taking advantage of an Aztec prophecy, Cortés was able to convince the Aztec ruler Montezuma that he was the returned god Quetzalcoatl and seize control of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. Smallpox then ravaged the population, aiding the Spanish conquest. However, Cortés was later called to
Cortez
Hernan Cortes led an expedition from Cuba to Mexico in 1519, landing in present-day Veracruz. He gained alliances with native civilizations like the Tlaxcala who were enemies of the Aztecs. Cortes continued gaining allies as he traveled to Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital, where emperor Moctezuma II greeted him. However, Cortes had his men massacre Aztec nobles. The Aztecs drove the Spanish out but Cortes returned with greater forces and finally retook Tenochtitlan in 1521, destroying the Aztec empire.
Indian conquistadors
The document discusses the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica in the 16th century. It notes that the conquest of Tenochtitlan emphasizes the Spanish military prowess but overlooks the roles of black soldiers and native allies like the Tlaxcalteca. The conquest helped illuminate how the Spanish forces were dependent on outnumbering native forces who were nominally subordinate but integral to their success. The document also mentions that conquistadors were required to submit reports to the king detailing their findings and actions, and that by the 16th century indigenous groups were sending letters citing their participation in conquests to claim rights and privileges.
Spanish conquistadors
Hernando Cortes and Pedro De Alvarado were two Spanish conquistadors who explored and conquered parts of Central and South America in the early 1500s. Cortes led Spanish troops in conquering the Aztec Empire in Mexico between 1518-1522 through a series of battles, including an epic battle in Tenochtitlan that led to its fall. To participate in expeditions in the Americas, conquistadors had to prove their merit to the Spanish king by submitting royal documents.
Pptinc
The document discusses conquistadors, who were Spanish soldiers and explorers that brought much of the Americas under Spanish control between the 15th and 19th centuries. Conquistadors had to supply their own weapons, horses, and materials. European diseases killed many indigenous people. Alliances between cities like Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan formed a conquest machine for the Aztecs. When the Spanish arrived, Mesoamerica consisted of interconnected city-states linked by social, political, and economic relationships, including trade routes.
Aztecs thesis
The document summarizes key aspects of Aztec government and society as revealed through analysis of primary sources like the Codex Mendoza. It describes how the Aztecs established an empire through a tribute system of taxation rather than direct rule, allowing conquered cities to retain autonomy. Detailed records of goods collected from over 50 tributary provinces funded the imperial government and stimulated economic activity. The system reflected a relatively collective form of governance compared to more autocratic empires.
California 1
The document discusses the origins of California's name from a 16th century Spanish novel about the mythical island of California ruled by Queen Calafia. In 1533, Spanish explorers led by Hernan Cortes landed in what is now California, believing it to be this island. By 1539, it was officially named California after the fictional island. It wasn't until 1540 that the Spanish realized California was actually a peninsula, not an island. The discovery of gold in 1848 at Sutter's Mill sparked the California Gold Rush, greatly increasing the non-native population and leading to California becoming a state in 1850.
7 myths of the spanish conquest
Cortes and other conquistadors are often portrayed as exceptional military leaders, but in reality they led small groups of only 100-200 Spanish with the help of thousands of native allies. The conquering took years and was never fully completed due to revolts. While the Spanish brought superior weapons, disease wiped out 90% of the native population, and political disunity among native empires allowed the Spanish to exploit rivalries. The documents suggests the Spanish victory was due more to these accidental factors rather than any unique military genius of the conquistadors.
Seven myths of spanish conquest
This document summarizes the key themes and chapters of the book "Seven Myths of Spanish Conquest" which aims to debunk common myths about the Spanish conquest of the Americas. It discusses how the conquest was not just due to exceptional individuals like Columbus, Cortes, and Pizarro but was a larger process involving many Spaniards and native allies. It also challenges the myth that the conquest was solely by white conquistadors, noting that Africans and natives played major roles in the Spanish invasions. Finally, it rejects the idea that the Spanish were inherently superior, arguing that views of native inferiority were used to justify conquest and that different cultural approaches to war were mistaken as signs of weakness.
History of The Canary Islands
- Throughout history, knowledge of the world expanded through exploration and discovery. The Canary Islands were once considered the western limits of the known world, until Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492 beginning the Age of Discovery.
- The Canary Islands were inhabited by primitive Berber people when they were first explored by Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, and Carthaginians who traded for resources. After conquest by European powers beginning in the 15th century, the native Guanche population declined as the islands became a colony of Castile and center of trade.
- As the Americas grew in importance, industries in the Canaries shifted from sugar to wine. Many inhabitants emigrated to the new lands as the islands experienced
AZTECS EMPIRE
The ancestors of the Aztecs received a divine command to leave their homeland of Aztlan in 1116 AD and wandered for over 100 years before reaching Lake Texcoco. From modest beginnings in the swamps around the lake, the Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlan grew in size and power through alliances and warfare. After floods and famines in the mid-1400s, Montezuma I expanded the empire outside the valley. When the Spanish arrived in 1519, over 300,000 people lived in the great city of Tenochtitlan, which was larger and more prosperous than Seville.
Aztecs empire
The ancestors of the Aztecs received a divine command to leave their homeland of Aztlan in 1116 AD and wandered for over 100 years before reaching Lake Texcoco. From their modest beginnings in the swamps of Lake Texcoco, the Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlan grew in size and power through warfare and alliances to obtain resources. Montezuma I ordered the construction of an embankment to protect Tenochtitlan after it was flooded in 1446, and then expanded the empire outside the valley after several years of bad harvests caused widespread starvation. When the Spanish arrived in 1519, over 300,000 people lived in the grand city of Tenochtitlan, which was
Aztecs empire
The ancestors of the Aztecs received a divine command to leave their homeland of Aztlan in 1116 AD and wandered for over 100 years before reaching Lake Texcoco. From modest beginnings in the swamps around the lake, the Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlan grew in size and power through alliances and warfare. After floods and famines in the mid-1400s, Montezuma I expanded the empire outside the valley. When the Spanish arrived in 1519, over 300,000 people lived in the great city of Tenochtitlan, which was larger and more prosperous than Seville.
Conquistador
Cortés set sail from Cuba with an ambitious plan to explore and conquer new lands for Spain. His fleet was scattered by bad weather, losing some ships, in an inauspicious start. As they searched for land, Cortés pondered his tenuous relationship with his patron Diego Velázquez, the governor of Cuba, who had tried to prevent the voyage despite signing a contract approving it. Cortés had staked his own wealth and incurred significant debt to fund the expedition, gambling everything on its success.
Final Siege Part II
The document summarizes the last stages of the siege of Tenochtitlan from three different accounts. According to Cortés' account, the Spanish built a faulty catapult and saw starving women and children. They took a large Mexican quarter after fierce battle, killing over 12,000 Mexicans while their allies killed all prisoners. Díaz's account says the catapult failed and angered Cortés, who then used brigantines to capture the Mexican leader Cuatemoc. The native account says the catapult was meant to kill stealthily and the Spanish became fearful when they saw brave Mexica warriors.
Surrender
Cortés captured the Aztec ruler Cuauhtemoc and ended the siege of Tenochtitlan. According to Spanish accounts, Cuauhtemoc surrendered peacefully and Cortés allowed him to continue ruling. However, indigenous accounts describe the Spanish looting the city, taking women and strong men as slaves, and torturing captives to find gold. In the following months, Cortés continued conquering nearby provinces and interrogating Cuauhtemoc about the location of hidden gold.
Surrender and Aftermath
Cortés captured the Aztec ruler Cuauhtemoc and ended the siege of Tenochtitlan. According to Spanish accounts, Cuauhtemoc surrendered peacefully and Cortés allowed him to continue ruling. However, indigenous accounts describe the Spanish looting the city, taking women and strong men as slaves, and torturing captives to find gold. In the following months, Cortés continued conquering nearby provinces and interrogating Cuauhtemoc about the location of hidden gold.
Surrender and Aftermath
Cortés captured the Aztec ruler Cuauhtemoc and ended the siege of Tenochtitlan. According to Spanish accounts, Cuauhtemoc surrendered peacefully and Cortés allowed him to continue ruling. However, indigenous accounts describe the Spanish looting the city, taking women and strong men as slaves, and killing remaining resistors. In the following months, Cortés continued conquering surrounding areas and interrogated Cuauhtemoc about the location of hidden gold.
Surrender and Aftermath
Cortés captured the Aztec ruler Cuauhtemoc and ended the siege of Tenochtitlan. According to Spanish accounts, Cuauhtemoc surrendered peacefully and Cortés allowed him to continue ruling. However, indigenous accounts describe the Spanish looting the city, taking women and strong men as slaves, and killing remaining resistors. In the following months, Cortés continued conquering surrounding areas and interrogated Cuauhtemoc about the location of hidden gold.
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Hernán cortés
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conqueror born in 1485 in Medellín, Spain who studied briefly at the University of Salamanca before traveling to what is now the Caribbean and Mexico. In 1519, Cortés sailed from Cuba to the coast of Mexico with 11 ships, about 600 men, and weapons. He founded the city of Villa Rica de la Veracruz and allied with local indigenous groups as he marched inland to the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, where the emperor Moctezuma initially welcomed him. Tensions later rose between the Spanish and Aztecs, culminating in Moctezuma's death during an Aztec uprising. Cortés eventually defeated the Azte
Aztecs and cortes
1) Hernan Cortes and his conquistadors arrived in Mexico in 1519, where they encountered the powerful Aztec Empire ruled by Emperor Montezuma II.
2) Cortes displayed his forces' power to Montezuma's emissaries, frightening them with horses, guns, and steel weapons. He then took Montezuma hostage to control the Aztecs from their capital city of Tenochtitlan.
3) Tensions rose between the Spaniards and Aztecs, culminating in a massacre of Aztec nobles by Cortes' men. Open war broke out and the outnumbered Spanish were forced to retreat from the city on the "Night of Tears," losing many
Hernando Cortes
Hernando Cortes was born in 1485 in Medellin, Spain and led an expedition to Mexico starting in March 1519. In November 1519, Cortes and his men reached the Aztec capital and met with Montezuma, who may have thought Cortes was a god-king. Cortes explored many places including Honduras before returning to Spain in 1539, where he spent the rest of his life until dying near Seville in 1547.
Hernan Cortes y la conquista de Mexico
Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire in the 1520s. As an ambitious conquistador, he defied orders from the Governor of Cuba, Diego Velázquez, by destroying his ships and allying with weaker indigenous groups like the Tlaxcalans against the powerful Aztec Empire. Through the help of an indigenous translator named Malinche and by taking advantage of an Aztec prophecy, Cortés was able to convince the Aztec ruler Montezuma that he was the returned god Quetzalcoatl and seize control of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. Smallpox then ravaged the population, aiding the Spanish conquest. However, Cortés was later called to
Cortez
Hernan Cortes led an expedition from Cuba to Mexico in 1519, landing in present-day Veracruz. He gained alliances with native civilizations like the Tlaxcala who were enemies of the Aztecs. Cortes continued gaining allies as he traveled to Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital, where emperor Moctezuma II greeted him. However, Cortes had his men massacre Aztec nobles. The Aztecs drove the Spanish out but Cortes returned with greater forces and finally retook Tenochtitlan in 1521, destroying the Aztec empire.
Indian conquistadors
The document discusses the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica in the 16th century. It notes that the conquest of Tenochtitlan emphasizes the Spanish military prowess but overlooks the roles of black soldiers and native allies like the Tlaxcalteca. The conquest helped illuminate how the Spanish forces were dependent on outnumbering native forces who were nominally subordinate but integral to their success. The document also mentions that conquistadors were required to submit reports to the king detailing their findings and actions, and that by the 16th century indigenous groups were sending letters citing their participation in conquests to claim rights and privileges.
Spanish conquistadors
Hernando Cortes and Pedro De Alvarado were two Spanish conquistadors who explored and conquered parts of Central and South America in the early 1500s. Cortes led Spanish troops in conquering the Aztec Empire in Mexico between 1518-1522 through a series of battles, including an epic battle in Tenochtitlan that led to its fall. To participate in expeditions in the Americas, conquistadors had to prove their merit to the Spanish king by submitting royal documents.
Pptinc
The document discusses conquistadors, who were Spanish soldiers and explorers that brought much of the Americas under Spanish control between the 15th and 19th centuries. Conquistadors had to supply their own weapons, horses, and materials. European diseases killed many indigenous people. Alliances between cities like Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan formed a conquest machine for the Aztecs. When the Spanish arrived, Mesoamerica consisted of interconnected city-states linked by social, political, and economic relationships, including trade routes.
Aztecs thesis
The document summarizes key aspects of Aztec government and society as revealed through analysis of primary sources like the Codex Mendoza. It describes how the Aztecs established an empire through a tribute system of taxation rather than direct rule, allowing conquered cities to retain autonomy. Detailed records of goods collected from over 50 tributary provinces funded the imperial government and stimulated economic activity. The system reflected a relatively collective form of governance compared to more autocratic empires.
California 1
The document discusses the origins of California's name from a 16th century Spanish novel about the mythical island of California ruled by Queen Calafia. In 1533, Spanish explorers led by Hernan Cortes landed in what is now California, believing it to be this island. By 1539, it was officially named California after the fictional island. It wasn't until 1540 that the Spanish realized California was actually a peninsula, not an island. The discovery of gold in 1848 at Sutter's Mill sparked the California Gold Rush, greatly increasing the non-native population and leading to California becoming a state in 1850.
7 myths of the spanish conquest
Cortes and other conquistadors are often portrayed as exceptional military leaders, but in reality they led small groups of only 100-200 Spanish with the help of thousands of native allies. The conquering took years and was never fully completed due to revolts. While the Spanish brought superior weapons, disease wiped out 90% of the native population, and political disunity among native empires allowed the Spanish to exploit rivalries. The documents suggests the Spanish victory was due more to these accidental factors rather than any unique military genius of the conquistadors.
Seven myths of spanish conquest
This document summarizes the key themes and chapters of the book "Seven Myths of Spanish Conquest" which aims to debunk common myths about the Spanish conquest of the Americas. It discusses how the conquest was not just due to exceptional individuals like Columbus, Cortes, and Pizarro but was a larger process involving many Spaniards and native allies. It also challenges the myth that the conquest was solely by white conquistadors, noting that Africans and natives played major roles in the Spanish invasions. Finally, it rejects the idea that the Spanish were inherently superior, arguing that views of native inferiority were used to justify conquest and that different cultural approaches to war were mistaken as signs of weakness.
History of The Canary Islands
- Throughout history, knowledge of the world expanded through exploration and discovery. The Canary Islands were once considered the western limits of the known world, until Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492 beginning the Age of Discovery.
- The Canary Islands were inhabited by primitive Berber people when they were first explored by Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, and Carthaginians who traded for resources. After conquest by European powers beginning in the 15th century, the native Guanche population declined as the islands became a colony of Castile and center of trade.
- As the Americas grew in importance, industries in the Canaries shifted from sugar to wine. Many inhabitants emigrated to the new lands as the islands experienced
AZTECS EMPIRE
The ancestors of the Aztecs received a divine command to leave their homeland of Aztlan in 1116 AD and wandered for over 100 years before reaching Lake Texcoco. From modest beginnings in the swamps around the lake, the Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlan grew in size and power through alliances and warfare. After floods and famines in the mid-1400s, Montezuma I expanded the empire outside the valley. When the Spanish arrived in 1519, over 300,000 people lived in the great city of Tenochtitlan, which was larger and more prosperous than Seville.
Aztecs empire
The ancestors of the Aztecs received a divine command to leave their homeland of Aztlan in 1116 AD and wandered for over 100 years before reaching Lake Texcoco. From their modest beginnings in the swamps of Lake Texcoco, the Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlan grew in size and power through warfare and alliances to obtain resources. Montezuma I ordered the construction of an embankment to protect Tenochtitlan after it was flooded in 1446, and then expanded the empire outside the valley after several years of bad harvests caused widespread starvation. When the Spanish arrived in 1519, over 300,000 people lived in the grand city of Tenochtitlan, which was
Aztecs empire
The ancestors of the Aztecs received a divine command to leave their homeland of Aztlan in 1116 AD and wandered for over 100 years before reaching Lake Texcoco. From modest beginnings in the swamps around the lake, the Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlan grew in size and power through alliances and warfare. After floods and famines in the mid-1400s, Montezuma I expanded the empire outside the valley. When the Spanish arrived in 1519, over 300,000 people lived in the great city of Tenochtitlan, which was larger and more prosperous than Seville.
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Similar to Capture of Montezuma
Conquistador
Cortés set sail from Cuba with an ambitious plan to explore and conquer new lands for Spain. His fleet was scattered by bad weather, losing some ships, in an inauspicious start. As they searched for land, Cortés pondered his tenuous relationship with his patron Diego Velázquez, the governor of Cuba, who had tried to prevent the voyage despite signing a contract approving it. Cortés had staked his own wealth and incurred significant debt to fund the expedition, gambling everything on its success.
Final Siege Part II
The document summarizes the last stages of the siege of Tenochtitlan from three different accounts. According to Cortés' account, the Spanish built a faulty catapult and saw starving women and children. They took a large Mexican quarter after fierce battle, killing over 12,000 Mexicans while their allies killed all prisoners. Díaz's account says the catapult failed and angered Cortés, who then used brigantines to capture the Mexican leader Cuatemoc. The native account says the catapult was meant to kill stealthily and the Spanish became fearful when they saw brave Mexica warriors.
Surrender
Cortés captured the Aztec ruler Cuauhtemoc and ended the siege of Tenochtitlan. According to Spanish accounts, Cuauhtemoc surrendered peacefully and Cortés allowed him to continue ruling. However, indigenous accounts describe the Spanish looting the city, taking women and strong men as slaves, and torturing captives to find gold. In the following months, Cortés continued conquering nearby provinces and interrogating Cuauhtemoc about the location of hidden gold.
Surrender and Aftermath
Cortés captured the Aztec ruler Cuauhtemoc and ended the siege of Tenochtitlan. According to Spanish accounts, Cuauhtemoc surrendered peacefully and Cortés allowed him to continue ruling. However, indigenous accounts describe the Spanish looting the city, taking women and strong men as slaves, and torturing captives to find gold. In the following months, Cortés continued conquering nearby provinces and interrogating Cuauhtemoc about the location of hidden gold.
Surrender and Aftermath
Cortés captured the Aztec ruler Cuauhtemoc and ended the siege of Tenochtitlan. According to Spanish accounts, Cuauhtemoc surrendered peacefully and Cortés allowed him to continue ruling. However, indigenous accounts describe the Spanish looting the city, taking women and strong men as slaves, and killing remaining resistors. In the following months, Cortés continued conquering surrounding areas and interrogated Cuauhtemoc about the location of hidden gold.
Surrender and Aftermath
Cortés captured the Aztec ruler Cuauhtemoc and ended the siege of Tenochtitlan. According to Spanish accounts, Cuauhtemoc surrendered peacefully and Cortés allowed him to continue ruling. However, indigenous accounts describe the Spanish looting the city, taking women and strong men as slaves, and killing remaining resistors. In the following months, Cortés continued conquering surrounding areas and interrogated Cuauhtemoc about the location of hidden gold.
Conquistadors
Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers and explorers who brought much of the Americas under Spanish control following Columbus' discovery. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico with just 500 men, defeating them at their capital Tenochtitlan after a smallpox epidemic weakened them. Francisco Pizarro similarly conquered the vast Inca Empire in Peru, capturing its emperor Atahualpa and looting its gold before destroying the empire. Both conquests had immense impacts, destroying native civilizations and establishing Spanish rule.
Hernan cortes el conquistador de mexico
Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire in the 1520s. As an ambitious conquistador, he defied orders from the Governor of Cuba, Diego Velázquez, by destroying his ships and allying with weaker indigenous groups like the Tlaxcalans against the powerful Aztecs. Through the help of an indigenous translator named Malinche, Cortés convinced the Aztec ruler Montezuma that he was the returned god Quetzalcoatl. Smallpox then ravaged the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, allowing Cortés's forces to conquer it with relative ease. However, Cortés's success angered the Spanish crown and he lost influence despite his conquest of the
Hernan cortes el conquistador de mexico
Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire in the 1520s. As an ambitious conquistador, he defied orders from the Governor of Cuba, Diego Velázquez, by destroying his ships and allying with local tribes against the powerful Aztecs. With the help of an indigenous translator named Malinche, Cortés took advantage of an Aztec prophecy about the returning god Quetzalcoatl to gain an audience with the Aztec ruler Montezuma, who believed Cortés was the deity. A smallpox outbreak helped the Spanish defeat the Aztecs and capture the capital city of Tenochtitlan, making Cortés ruler of central Mexico. However, he later lost influence after
Spanish empire
Diego Vasicuio was charged with leading worship of an old god Sorimana by his neighbor Catalina Paicaus, who had been charged with witchcraft. When brought before Father de Prado, Diego reluctantly agreed to bring the god's stone but returned without it.
Francisco Baquero was a skilled shoemaker in Buenos Aires in 1776, but could not make a living due to a lack of craftsmen. He advocated for the rights of non-white craftsmen and petitioned for a craftsmen's guild, traveling as far as Madrid, but was never successful.
Juan de Morga and Gertudis de Escobar were intelligent slaves in Mexico in the
11 et Ch. 2
This document provides context about early colonial settlements in North America between the 15th and 17th centuries. It discusses the Columbian Exchange and trade routes that emerged after 1492. Specific commodities traded are highlighted, such as gold, silver, cochineal dye from beetles, and beaver pelts. The establishment of colonies by several European powers is also summarized, including the Spanish and Portuguese in Mexico and South America, the Dutch colony of New Netherlands (New York), the French colony of New France (Canada), and the Puritan colonies in New England. Challenges between colonists and Native Americans, such as King Philip's War, are briefly described.
The largest, lost treasures of the world, by J. Gisakis / 9th Primary School ...
"The largest, lost treasures of the world", by J. Gisakis / 9th Primary School of Larissa, etwinning project "Flying Kites in the European sky". Kalliopi Perri, English teacher
Early Voyages + Omens
The document summarizes three different perspectives on early events in Mexico before the Spanish conquest: the Native accounts of omens as bad signs, Bernal Diaz's account of early voyages as a foot soldier before joining Cortes, and Cortes's version based on his first letter back to Spain. It describes the eight omens seen by Natives, Diaz's experiences on expeditions led by Cordova and Grijalva where they encountered Natives and faced attacks, and Cortes's accounts of voyages by Velazquez, Grijalva, and himself where they made contact with Natives and received some gold.
Seven myths of the spanish conquest
This document provides an overview of Chelsea England's book "Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest". Each chapter examines a common myth or misconception about the conquest. Chapter 1 looks at the myth that the conquistadors were simply soldiers sent by the King of Spain. Chapter 2 discusses the myth of communication between the Spanish and indigenous groups. Chapter 3 analyzes the myth that the conquest instantly reduced native American populations and cultures.
Colonization: Atrocities
1) The document describes the Spanish conquest of native American empires including the Aztecs and Incas. It details how conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro, with only a few hundred men but superior weapons and horses, were able to defeat armies of millions.
2) Disease devastated native populations, with up to 90% dying in some regions. This aided the conquest. The conquistadors enslaved survivors and seized gold and territory, making Spain rich and powerful.
3) For native Americans, the conquest brought immense suffering as their populations declined and empires fell. Many converted to Christianity hoping it would end their suffering. Resistance continued for centuries but survivors had lost most of their
Narváez and the Feast of Toxcatl
1) Cortés left Pedro de Alvarado in charge of Tenochtitlan while he dealt with an army led by Panfílo de Narváez that intended to remove Cortés from command.
2) While Cortés was away, a large ceremony called the Feast of Toxcatl was taking place in Tenochtitlan, which ended in a conflict where many Mexicans were killed.
3) There are three accounts of what happened during the Feast of Toxcatl - Cortés' vague account, Díaz's account of overhearing a conversation between Cortés and Alvarado after the event, and the Mexican account in the Florentine CodeX which says
Ch. 1 racial foundations
This document discusses the history and cultural influences of indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica and what is now the Southwestern United States prior to and during the Spanish colonization. It notes that the Aztecs originated from a mythical place called Aztlan, likely located somewhere in what is now the American Southwest. It also discusses the Reconquista in Spain that established the modern nations of Spain and Portugal, and how this influenced the determination of Spanish conquistadors to defeat indigenous peoples in the Americas in pursuit of land and wealth. Finally, it provides context on the African slave trade and estimates that around 200,000 African slaves were brought to Mexico as a secondary destination from Caribbean islands.
Narváez and the Feast of Toxcatl
1) Cortés left Pedro de Alvarado in charge of Tenochtitlan while he dealt with an army led by Panfílo de Narváez that intended to remove Cortés from command.
2) While Cortés was away, a large gathering was held in Tenochtitlan to celebrate the Feast of Toxcatl, and a fight broke out where many Mexicans were killed.
3) There are three accounts of what triggered the conflict - Cortés claims the Mexicans attacked, Díaz says Alvarado struck first after receiving a warning of a planned Mexican attack, and the Mexican account in the Florentine Codex says the Spanish unexpectedly attacked the innocent during celebrations
Narváez and the Feast of Toxcatl
1) Cortés left Pedro de Alvarado in charge of Tenochtitlan while he dealt with an army led by Panfílo de Narváez that intended to remove Cortés from command.
2) While Cortés was away, a large gathering was held in Tenochtitlan to celebrate the Feast of Toxcatl, and a fight broke out where many Mexicans were killed.
3) There are three accounts of what triggered the conflict - Cortés claims the Mexicans attacked, Díaz says Alvarado struck first after receiving a warning of a planned Mexican attack, and the Mexican account in the Florentine Codex says the Spanish unexpectedly attacked the innocent during celebrations
Narváez and the Feast of Toxcatl
1) Cortés leaves Pedro de Alvarado in charge of Tenochtitlan while he deals with an army led by Panfílo de Narváez who wanted to remove Cortés from power.
2) While Cortés is away, a large ceremony called the Feast of Toxcatl is held in Tenochtitlan, and a fight breaks out where many Mexicans are killed.
3) There are three accounts of what happened - Cortés claims the Mexicans attacked, Díaz says Alvarado struck first after being warned of a planned Mexican attack, and the Mexican account in the Florentine Codex says the Spanish unexpectedly attacked during peaceful celebrations.
Similar to Capture of Montezuma (20)
The largest, lost treasures of the world, by J. Gisakis / 9th Primary School ...
The largest, lost treasures of the world, by J. Gisakis / 9th Primary School ...
More from Obi
Founding of Vera Cruz
Fernandez de Cordoba first landed in the area called Vera Cruz in the Yucatan and established trade with local tribes, finding gold. When they returned to Cuba and told governor Velazquez about the gold, he wanted to establish trade but not settlement. However, when a later expedition led by Bernal Diaz was attacked by a hostile tribe, Diaz decided to settle Vera Cruz for safety in trading. Hernan Cortes was elected captain and lied to Velazquez, saying he would not settle but planned to do so. Cortes then undermined Velazquez's authority by writing letters to the monarchs suggesting Velazquez be removed as governor.
The Rise of the Aztec
The Mexica people wandered central Mexico for many years before founding the city of Tenochtitlan in 1325. They established the Triple Alliance with nearby city-states in 1428 and came to dominate the region militarily and politically. By the time of the Spanish conquest led by Hernan Cortes in the 1520s, the alliance had developed into the powerful Aztec Empire based in Tenochtitlan. The empire was shaped by leaders like Tlacaelel who instituted religious and cultural reforms emphasizing human sacrifice to gods like Huitzilopochtli.
Tlaxcala
Cortés allied with the city of Tlaxcala during his conquest of Mexico, though it was not easy. There was a brief war between the Spaniards and Tlaxcalans as Cortés tried to gain their alliance. According to Cortés, the Tlaxcalans wished to be friends and allies of Spain. Díaz's account corroborates much of Cortés' story but provides more details on internal Tlaxcalan politics and warfare tactics. There is little indigenous perspective on these events recorded.
Spanish Conquest of Caribbean
Prior to the Spanish conquest of Mexico, Spain had established a significant presence in the Caribbean beginning with Christopher Columbus' voyages. Columbus encountered native populations on various Caribbean islands and questioned whether he could accurately communicate with them through signs due to linguistic barriers. After Columbus, the Spanish established permanent settlements like Cuba and launched further expeditions, like Hernán Cortés' conquest of Mexico from Cuba despite some opposition.
Conclusion
According to Cortés and Díaz, the Mexica Empire fell because God favored the Spanish conquest and wanted the natives to become Christian. Sahagún's interviews with native people found they blamed their ruler Montezuma II, saying he acted as a religious rather than political leader and his contradictory behavior towards the conquistadors made him appear weak and isolated. Montezuma came to believe the empire's demise was inevitable and invited Cortés into Tenochtitlan, aiding the Spanish victory. While these views may not be completely accurate, they provide insight from those who witnessed the conquest firsthand.
Adam
Cortes and his forces regrouped in Tlaxcala after their defeat at Tenochtitlan. In May 1521, Cortes split his forces into three groups to besiege the city. Cortes cut off the city's food and water supply, making it easier for his forces to maneuver but faced increasing resistance from Mexica fortifications along the causeways. The arrival of Spanish brigantines provided temporary relief but the Mexica soon learned to disable the ships. By late June, Cortes' forces had captured religious and military sites in Tenochtitlan but the Mexica continued fighting desperately with dwindling resources.
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Capture of Montezuma
- 1. Cortes Enters Tenochtitlan By: Matt Palmquist History Colloquium: The Conquest of Mexico
- 2. The Causeway ***November, 1519*** Cortés and the conquistadors finally reach the great city of Tenochtitlan. On the grand causeway of the city, the Spaniards with their gleaming armor drew a grand crowd of curious indigenous people who came to watch the spectacle. On the other side of the causeway, the great lord Montezuma awaited tentatively with his advisors as they watched the Spaniards march. Díaz recalls that “the towers and the cues were full, and they came in canoes from all parts of the lake…since they had never seen horses or men like us before!” (Padgen, p. 102) (Díaz, p. 216) (Padgen, p. 85)
- 3. All the sources agree that the exchange of gifts which occurred was extraordinary. Cortés claimed that he received “many and various treasures of gold and silver and feather work, and as many as five or six thousand cotton garments, all very rich and woven and embroidered in various ways.” The Florentine Codex states that they decorated the causeway in preparation of the arrival of the Spaniards; “on gourd bases they set out different precious flowers…cacao flowers made into wreaths for the head…and they carried golden necklaces, necklaces with pendants, wide necklaces.” Clearly, Montezuma was trying to impress his visitors in order to assert his power as governor of the region, and also to ensure that he was the one controlling the Spaniards.
- 4. Díaz presents an interesting, almost humorous encounter of the two Lords. Cortés—like a Spanish Nobleman—tried to shake Montezuma’s hand and embrace him, but he was quickly reproached by Montezuma’s aides, claiming that “the great princes who stood round Montezuma grasped Cortés’ arm to prevent him, for they considered this an indignity.” Clearly, these two cultures were very different and it was these cultural differences which may have led to the eventual fall of the city. (Díaz, p. 218)
- 5. The Spaniards were received so courteously into the city partly because of prophecies which spoke of great gods who would come from the direction of the sunrise to conquer over the Aztec people. When Cortés and his men arrived, Montezuma expressed these fears and it seems tried to please these gods by gifting gold, feathers, and other items to them. The Florentine Codex explains, “You have come to settle your curiosity about your altepetl of Mexico, you have come to sit on your seat of authority, which I have kept a while for you.” If this discourse is true, then we see a new side to the story, in which Montezuma was not trying to bribe and impress the Spanish; rather, he was afraid that these gods “from which [they] came, amidst clouds and mist” were going to take over forcefully and expel him from his throne. Thus, it may have been in a preemptive attempt to remain in favor that he gave the throne of Tenochtitlan to Cortés so easily. (Sahagún, p. 295) (Sahagún, p. 295)
- 6. When the Spaniards came, they were greeted marvelously by the curious Mexicans who had never encountered anything like them in their lives. I imagine the Spaniards were equally as scared and perplexed by a society whom they considered to be inferior to theirs, but could build such marvelous cities and produce such lavish gifts. Thus, the men are left at the gates of the city, well tended to, and excited to see what lies ahead; little do they know, that they will not be leaving the city in the same fashion they entered it. (Sahagún, p. 295) (Díaz, p. 218)
- 7. Bibliography Díaz, Bernal. (1986). The Conquest of New Spain. Penguin Books: Middlesex, England , 216-219. Padgen, Anthony. (1986). Hernan Cortés: Letters From Mexico. Yale University Press: New York, NY , 1-282. Sahagún, Bernanino de. Florentine Codex. 295-296.n.d