This ppt is to provide a piece of basic knowledge about camera techniques. in this PPT I have given a brief explanation of camera movement, shots, and usage of gears.

1. Camera
Techniques
DIWAKAR M Asst. Prof.
Dept of Vis Com
SRMIST, Ramapuram Campus

2. Unit 1
Shooting
1. Shooting a People
2. Shooting a Interview

3. Shooting
People
1. Concept
2. Pattern : (Singal, Group & Public)
Interview
1. Concept, Arranging for interviews
2. Shooting Indoor & Outdoor
3. Pattern : (Talking Head, Conversational, Walking, Phone Interviews.

4. Shooting
What is Golden Hour
Golden hour is the short window of time right after sunrise and again
right before sunset, when the air is filled with a flattering golden
hue.The sun is low in the sky during these hours and more diffuse to
be filtered for a greater distance through the atmosphere. At golden
hour, you won’t get the kind of harsh shadows you see at high noon.
Golden hour varies depending on where you are, what time of year it
is, and what the weather is like. You can use mobile app and an
online golden hour calculator to determine the exact time, but the
easiest way to determine the golden hour is to just check for your local
sunrise and sunset times.

6. Best practices on framing, equipment, sound
Whoever you’re interviewing, no matter who they are, will be
interesting to watch because humans enjoy looking at human faces.
When framing your shot, favor a plain background over visually
distracting elements. Placing your interviewee further away from the
wall behind them will give the frame depth and look better than
sitting close to a wall.

7. Best practices on framing, equipment, sound
Using a shotgun microphone and external recorder for sound will make a big
difference in sound quality. Since your interviewee is sitting still, you can set
up your shotgun mic in a fixed location using a C-stand to hold it. Position the
mic above your interviewee’s head and point it down toward them. You want
the mic just out of frame, yet close enough that you’ll need to remind them not
to bump their head when they stand up!
If you can add it, a lavalier microphone is always helpful.

8. How to prepare for filming an interview
● Come up with questions and do your research
● Make the people you’re interviewing feel comfortable
● Prioritize your most important questions

9. UNIT 2
1. Composition
2. Framing

10. Types of camera Shots & frames
● Single Shot
● Two Shot
● Three Shot.
● Over-the-Shoulder Shot (OTS)
● Point-of-View Shot (POV)
● Extreme close up (ECU)
● Medium short (MS)
● Medium full short (MFS)
Shots

11. Framing and Composition
● Repoussoir – the subject placed in foreground along the sides of the frame to lead the viewer's eye onto
the subject.
● Depth of field (DoF) – The distance between the nearest and furthest points in which an object will be in
focus. A longer distance means the DoF is deeper, and a shorter distance means the DoF is shallower. This
selective focus technique allows the artist to directly control which areas of the frame the viewer should be
focused on.
● White space – Negative space used in framing to increase aesthetic appeal. This principle of design allows
a balance in the frame to positive space. The empty area can form contrasting silhouettes with the subject
and thus become a meaningful aspect of the frame; however, negative space is used mostly as a neutral or
complementary background in order to draw focus upon the central subject.
● Vignetting – A naturally occurring optical phenomenon where the brightness or saturation is reduced at the
periphery of an image. Can be produced mechanically or digitally to bring focus to the well-lit and saturated
areas of the image, known as the "hotspot" effect.
● Perspective distortion – An optical technique where lenses of different focal lengths are used to affect the
perceived distance between the foreground and background. Wider lenses extend the distance and show
more of the background, which can be used to reveal a detailed view of the subject and its immediate
surroundings in the same frame. Longer lenses compress the distance; because it can minimize the
perception of space within the frame, it can be used on buildings and cars to create a scene of congestion.
● Color and lighting.

12. ● the subject placed in foreground
along the sides of the frame to
lead the viewer's eye onto the
subject.

13. • The distance between the
nearest and the farthest
objects that are in acceptably
sharp focus in an image.
• DoF is deeper
• DoF is shallower.
Depth of field (DoF)

14. Framing and Composition
● White space
Negative space used in framing to increase
aesthetic appeal. This principle of design
allows a balance in the frame to positive
space. The empty area can form contrasting
silhouettes with the subject and thus become
a meaningful aspect of the frame; however,
negative space is used mostly as a neutral or
complementary background in order to draw
focus upon the central subject.
VISUAL TENSION

15. Framing and Composition
● Vignetting
A naturally occurring optical
phenomenon where the brightness or
saturation is reduced at the periphery
of an image. Can be produced
mechanically or digitally to bring
focus to the well-lit and saturated
areas of the image, known as the
"hotspot" effect.
VISUAL TENSION

16. Framing and Composition
● Perspective distortion
An optical technique where
lenses of different focal
lengths are used to affect the
perceived distance between
the foreground and
background. Wider lenses
extend the distance and
show more of the
background, which can be
used to reveal a detailed view
of the subject and its
immediate surroundings in
the same frame.
VISUAL TENSION

17. COMPOSITION
1. More than just a picture — it is information.
2. Clearly some parts of the information are
more important than others, and we want this
information to be perceived to the viewer.
3. Through composition we are telling the
audience
a. where to look,
b. what to look at and
c. what order to look at it.
4. Guiding the eye and directing the attention
of the viewer in an organized manner that
conveys the meaning that you wish to impart.

18. COMPOSITION
Design Principles Certain basic principles pertain to all types
of visual design, whether in film, photography, painting, or
drawing.
These principles work interactively in various combinations
to add depth, movement, and visualforce to the elements
of the frame.
• Balance
• Visual tension
• Rhythm
• Proportion
• Contrast
• Texture
• Directionality

19. COMPOSITION
• Balanced Composition
Visual balance (or lack of balance) is
an important part of composition.
Every element in a visual composition
has a visual weight.
These may be organized into a
balanced or unbalanced composition.
The visual weight of an object is
primarily determined by its size but is
also affected by its position in the
frame, its color, movement, and the
subject matter itself.

20. COMPOSITION
• VISUAL TENSION
Visual tension is a compositional
technique that uses a variety of
framing approaches to create
dynamic elements in a photograph to
draw in and stimulate the interest of the
viewer.

21. UNIT 3
Camera Focus - Depth of field
Camera Shot Size

22. Camera Focus - Depth of field
1. Deep Focus
2. Shallow Focus
3. Soft Focus
4. Rack Focus
5. Split Diopter
6. Tilt Shift

23. Camera Shot Size

24. Camera Shot Size
● Establishing Shot
● Master Shot
● Wide Shot (WS)
● Full Shot (FS)
● Medium Full Shot

25. Camera Shot Size
● Medium Shot (MS)
● Medium Close up (MCU)
● Close Up (CU)
● Extreme Close Up (ECU)

26. UNIT 4
Framing - Composition
Camera Angles

27. Framing - Composition - I
● Single
● Two Shot
● Three Shot
● Four Shot
● Five Shot

28. ● Crowd Shot
● Over the Shoulder (OTS)
● Point of View (POV)
● Insert Shot
Framing - Composition - II

29. Camera - Angles - I
● Low Angle (LA)
● High Angle (HA)
● Overhead
● Dutch Angle
● Eye Level

30. ● Shoulder Level
● Hip Level
● Knee Level
● Ground Level
Camera - Angles - II

31. UNIT 5
Camera Movements
Camera Mechanisms

32. Camera Movement
● Static
● Pan
● Whip Pan
● Tilt
● Push In
● Push Out
● Zoom
● Crash Zoom
● Dolly Zoom
● Camera Roll
● Tracking
● Trucking
● Arc
● Boom
● Random Movement

33. Types of Camera Mechanisms
● Tripod Shot
● Handheld Shot
● Steadicam Shot
● Drone Shot
● Wire Shot